Indoor decorative dogs (decorative dogs, companion dogs) - a collective definition of dog breeds that are not intended to perform any special work, and are used primarily as pets. Most dogs of small breeds are indoor decorative dogs.
All existing classification systems for dog breeds separate indoor and decorative breeds from breeds designed to perform a specific job. The classifications of the English Kennel Club , the American Kennel Club, and cynological organizations of other English-speaking countries contain a toy breed group (from the English toy - toy), in the classification of the International Film Festival there is Group IX Toy and Companions. However, the list of breeds that can be classified as decorative is not limited to the corresponding group. This is due to the fact that some breeds were initially bred for work, but subsequently lost their working purpose and turned into decorative dogs, the main task of which is to give pleasure to their owners. So, there are decorative breeds among terriers ( Yorkshire Terrier , Australian Silky Terrier ), pinschers ( pygmy pinscher , affenpinscher ), in the group of so-called primitive breeds ( Pomeranian ).
Content
Origin
Since ancient times, decorative dogs have lived with humans, along with hunting , guard and shepherd dogs. Small dogs served as entertainment for their owners, symbolizing wealth and high social status. High-ranking and famous people from the most ancient times are often depicted in portraits in the company of a dog. Such dogs were called "knee" ( English lap dog ). They also claim that wealthy people contained such dogs so that they would distract fleas in the abundance of inhabitants of the owner. The oldest decorative rocks include, in particular, the Pekingese.
Other decorative breeds have arisen in the process of a directed reduction in the size of some working breeds, primarily hunting and watchdogs. Small varieties of hunting breeds were intended for a specific type of work (catching rats, working in burrows for a small animal). Reducing the size of guard dogs was aimed at keeping the house comfortable.
Features
The selection of indoor and decorative dog breeds was aimed at fixing any special external signs attractive to owners. So, the Pekingese were valued for their lion look, and pugs - for their pretty wrinkles and monkey muzzle. The appearance of decorative dogs is often exaggerated, mutant and dwarf forms are fixed. The specificity of the use of decorative dogs also implies selection by nature and temperament - the behavior of a room dog should be pleasant and funny. A decorative dog should not be aggressive, hunting instincts should be suppressed so that the dog does not run away from the owner. Dogs should be attached to the owner, actively express emotions and be highly social both in relation to the person, and in relation to other dogs. [1] If a decorative dog is aggressive, hysterical, and unable to get along with other family members, one can speak of improper selection aimed solely at fixing exterior signs to the detriment of behavioral ones. At the same time, there are no special requirements for traditional working qualities: the sense of smell, endurance and unpretentiousness are not necessary qualities of indoor-decorative dogs.
Breeds
In accordance with the MKF breed classification, indoor and decorative dog breeds are assigned to group IX “Toy and companions” and are divided into 11 sections.
- 1. Bichon and related breeds: Maltese , Bichon Frize , Havana Bichon , Bolognese , Coton de Tulear , small lion dog ;
- 2. Poodles (different colors): large poodle, medium poodle, small poodle, toy poodle;
- 3. Small Belgian dogs : Belgian Griffon, Brussels Griffon, Small Brabancon;
- 4. Naked dogs: Chinese crested dog ;
- 5. Tibetan breeds: Lhasa Apso , Shih Tzu , Tibetan Spaniel , Tibetan Terrier ;
- 6. Chihuahua ;
- 7. English Toy Spaniels : Cavalier King Charles Spaniel , King Charles Spaniel ;
- 8. Japanese Chin and Pekingese ;
- 9. Continental Toy Spaniel and Russian Toy : Papillon and Falen, Russian Toy;
- 10. Kromforlender ;
- 11. Small Molossoids: Boston Terrier , Pug , French Bulldog .
The Russian Cynological Federation belongs to the group of indoor and decorative breeds, in addition to the following: [2]
- English Toy Terrier (group 3 according to the classification of the ICF);
- Non-recognized IFF breeds: American Toy Fox , Beaver , Prague rat , Russian colored lapdog .
The English Kennel Club also includes the following species of toy breeds: [3]
- from 2 groups of the International Film Festival: affinpinscher , dwarf pinscher
- from group 3 of the International Film Festival: Australian Silky Terrier , English Toy Terrier , Yorkshire Terrier ;
- from group 5 IFF: Pomeranian ;
- from group 10 IFF: Italian greyhound .
The American Kennel Club completes the Toy Breeds group with the Manchester Terrier (toy variety), which, according to the MKF classification, belongs to the third group. [four]
Many other breeds are also used as indoor-decorative breeds, although in accordance with the classifications of leading cynological organizations they are assigned to other groups. In particular, they contain the American Cocker Spaniel , Sheltie , miniature schnauzers , West Highland White Terrier and other small terriers, miniature and rabbit dachshunds , beagles , xoloitzcuintles , etc. as decorative dogs.
See also
- Companion animals
Notes
- ↑ Mychko E.N., Sotskaya M.N. et al. Psychophysiological characteristics and type of use of the dog // Dog behavior . - M .: Aquarium-Print, 2004 .-- 400 p. - ISBN 9785–98435–091–2. Archived June 11, 2013 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ RKF regulation on pedigree work. Appendix: List of dog breeds with classification by size
- ↑ The Toy Group - Breed Information Center . Date of treatment January 7, 2013. Archived January 30, 2013.
- ↑ AKC Breeds by Group - Toy Group . Date of treatment January 7, 2013. Archived January 30, 2013.
Literature
- Vetka C. Decorative dogs. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2000 .-- 320 p. - ISBN 9785-222-01383-9 .
- Khasanova R. A. Decorative dog breeding. - Tbilisi: Mehnat, 1990 .-- 256 p. - ISBN 9785-8244-0441-0 .
- Levshakova O. Training and education of decorative dogs. - M .: Aquarium-Print, 2009 .-- 64 p. - ISBN 9785993402260 .
- Golovachev A.F. The smallest dogs. - SPb. : Dilya, 2003 .-- 189 p. - ISBN 5-88503-115-0 .