Gaius Licinius Macras ( Latin: Gaius Licinius Macer ; d. 66 BC ) is an ancient Roman political figure ( tribunes of 73 BC, praetor 68 BC), one of the annalists .
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Biography
Macro belonged to the ancient plebeian family of the Licinians . He was an opponent of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and after his death began to seek the cancellation of the orders of the dictator . In 73 BC e. he was a folk tribune [2] . Guy Sallust Crisp included in his “History” Macra's speech to the people in the year 73. It is believed that it was invented by Sallust, but is based on real events. In 68, Macr became a praetor [3] . His occupation of a high position was made possible due to the fact that in 70, Gnei Pompey Magn and Mark Licinius Crassus lifted the ban on public tribunes to occupy other magistrates. In 66, he was accused of bribery and committed suicide (according to another version, he died shortly after the sentence) [2] . Makra had a son, Guy Licinius Makr Calv , who became a famous poet [2] [3] .
Macr wrote a historical work whose name is unknown ( Annales or Historiae ) [2] . The exact number of books in it is also unknown - later grammars mention, in particular, the 16th book, but much more often cite books I and II [2] [3] . Macr rarely borrowed material from his predecessors, but often turned to the primary sources - in particular, to (“linen books” - lists of Roman magistrates recorded in Etruscan style on linen) [2] . From Cicero it is known that Macro neglected sources that were written in the ancient Greek language [3] . In his work, a story was told from mythical events connected with the founding of Rome to an unknown time (the last fragment of his work concerns the events of 299 BC). Macr sought a rational interpretation of myths [2] : in particular, he suggested that Romulus and Remus were not fed by a she-wolf ( lupa ), but by the wife of the shepherd Faustula Akka Larenz, who was called a harlot or a prostitute for her easy behavior (another meaning of the word lupa ) [4 ] .
Like Valery Antsiat , Macro was not completely objective and sought to elevate his family, to emphasize its role in Roman history [2] [3] . Macr wrote under the strong influence of an exquisite and colorful Asian style; Cicero characterized him as a "talkative" historian [3] [5] . The work of Makr was used as a source by Titus Livius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus ; later grammars also knew him [5] . 25 fragments of his work have survived to this day; the belonging of Makru to two more fragments is controversial [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Lubker F. Licinii // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Lubker / Ed. F.F. Zelinsky , L.A. Georgievsky , M.S. Kutorg , etc. - St. Petersburg. : Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy , 1885. - S. 768–772.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 History of Roman literature. T. 1. Ed. S.I. Sobolevsky , M.E. Grabar-Passek , F.A. Petrovsky . - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959. - S. 249
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 von Albrecht M. History of Roman Literature. T. 1. - M .: Greek-Latin cabinet of Yu. A. Shichalin, 2003. - P. 433
- ↑ Durov V.S. Artistic historiography of Ancient Rome. - St. Petersburg .: St. Petersburg State University, 1993 .-- S. 34
- ↑ 1 2 3 History of Roman literature. T. 1. Ed. S.I. Sobolevsky , M.E. Grabar-Passek , F.A. Petrovsky . - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959. - S. 250
Literature
- Bokshchanin A.G. Source study of Ancient Rome. - M .: Moscow State University, 1981. - 160 p.
- Durov V.S. Artistic historiography of Ancient Rome. - SPb. : St. Petersburg State University, 1993 .-- 143 p.
- The history of Roman literature. / Ed. S.I. Sobolevsky , M.E. Grabar-Passek , F.A. Petrovsky . - T. 1. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959. - 534 p.
- von Albrecht M. History of Roman Literature. - T. 1. - M .: Greek-Latin cabinet of Yu. A. Shichalin, 2003. - 700 p.
- Ogilvie RM Livy, Licinius Macer and the Libri Lintei // The Journal of Romans Studies. - Vol. 48, No. 1/2, 1958. - P. 40-46