A quark new is an explosion of enormous power, which accompanies the transformation of a neutron star into a quark star . Just as the birth of a neutron star is accompanied by a supernova explosion , observation of a quark nova indicates the appearance of a quark star. The concept of quark new was developed by Dr. R. Owed [1] from the University of Calgary, Canada and Dr. J. Day and M. Day from the University of Calcutta, India [2] .
Content
Mechanism and Manifestation
When the rotation of a neutron star slows down, it can turn into a quark star. This transformation involves a process known as quark deconfinement . As a result of it, quark matter is formed in the inner regions of the star. This process leads to the release of huge amounts of energy. The birth of quark stars may be accompanied by the most powerful of the energy emissions known in the universe. According to calculations, the estimated amount of energy emitted during a phase transition inside a neutron star can reach 10 47 joules [3] , which is five orders of magnitude higher than the energy release during explosions of ordinary supernovae (~ 10 42 joules).
Quark new ones can be one of the reasons for gamma-ray bursts . According to Jaikumar et al. [4] , they can also be involved in the synthesis of heavy elements, such as platinum , during the r-process of nuclear fusion .
Candidates
The best candidates for turning into quark novae are fast-rotating neutron stars with masses from 1.5 to 1.8 solar masses, since their rotation should slow down during the Hubble time . This is only a small part of the estimated neutron star population. Conservative estimates based on these data indicate that only 2 quark new ones can occur in the observed Universe during the day.
Theoretically, quark stars should not emit radio emissions , so neutron stars that do not emit in this range can actually be quark stars.
Direct evidence of the existence of quark novae is practically absent. Recent observations of supernovae SN 2006gy , SN 2005gj, and SN 2005ap may indicate their existence [5] [6] .
See also
- Quark Matter
- Quark star
- Hypernova star
Notes
- ↑ Quark Nova Project . Date of treatment September 7, 2012. Archived January 27, 2013.
- ↑ R. Ouyed; J. Dey; M. Dey. Quark-Nova (Eng.) // Astronomy and Astrophysics : journal. - 2002. - Vol. 390 - P. L39 — L42 . - DOI : 10.1051 / 0004-6361: 20020982 . - . - arXiv : astro-ph / 0105109 .
- ↑ Theories of Quark-novae . Date of treatment June 29, 2008. Archived January 27, 2013.
- ↑ Prashanth Jaikumar; Meyer; Kaori Otsuki; Rachid Ouyed. Nucleosynthesis in neutron-rich ejecta from Quark-Novae (Eng.) // Astronomy and Astrophysics : journal. - 2007. - Vol. 471 . - P. 227-236 . - DOI : 10.1051 / 0004-6361: 20066593 . - . - arXiv : nucl-th / 0610013 .
- ↑ Astronomy Now Online - Second Supernovae Point to Quark Stars
- ↑ Leahy, Denis; Ouyed, Rachid. Supernova SN2006gy as a first ever Quark Nova? (Eng.) // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society : journal. - Oxford University Press , 2008. - Vol. 387 , no. 3 . - P. 1193 . - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1365-2966.2008.13312.x . - . - arXiv : 0708.1787 .
Links
- Meissner Effect in Quark Stars (University of Calgary)
- Supernova "hospital" for quark stars . pravda.ru (July 19, 2012). Date of treatment January 4, 2013. Archived January 27, 2013.