Hurr al-Amili

Hurr al-Amili began to receive traditional Shiite religious education in his native village of al-Masgara in Jabal Amil in southern Lebanon . His first teachers included his father and his two paternal and maternal uncles. He also attended classes in the neighboring village of Jaba, where famous teachers taught, including Hassan ibn Zayn ad-Din Amili (d. 1011 hijri / 1602 AD), author of Al-Maalim fi-d -din ”, as well as other famous Shiite scholars of that time: Jabal Amil (son of the Second Martyr ) and Hussein ibn Hassan ibn Yunus Zahiri , the first to give Khurr al-Amili ijazu - official permission to teach Islamic sciences .

The first 40 years of his life, Hurr al-Amili spent in his native country - Lebanon. During this period, he twice performed a hajj , as well as a ziyarat to the holy Shiite cities in Iraq ( Karbala , Al-Najaf , Samarra and Baghdad ). However, the most significant trip in his life was a trip to Iran . In particular, during a visit to the capital of the Safavid empire - Isfahan - Khurr al-Amili met with the famous theologian Muhammad Bakir Majlisi . This meeting made a deep impression on both scientists and grew into a close interaction. Thus, Khurr al-Amili and Allam Majlisi simultaneously issued ijaz to each other for the transmission of hadith. ^[3]

In addition, during his visit to the Safavid empire, Khurr al-Amili was awarded the audience of Shah Suleiman I (d. 1105 hijri / 1694 CE), during which the latter received the scientist with special respect and respect. ^[four]

Hurr al-Amili remained in Iran, settling in the holy city of Mashhad , in which he lived until his death and was buried. ^[5] Regarding the claims of some scholars that Hurr al-Amili had died in Yemen , they were recognized as scientifically insolvent. ^[6]

In Shiite theological circles, Khurr al-Amili is called “one of the three Muhammad who gathered the hadiths of this religion”, of which the other two are Muhammad Bakir Majlisi and Muhammad Kashani , ^[7] better known as Mohsen-e Fayz.

Hurr al-Amili was a prolific author. Shiite bibliographic sources provide a list of his many works in various fields of Islamic sciences , among which one should especially emphasize hadith studies ( ilm al-hadith ) and jurisprudence ( ilm al-fiqh and ilm usul al-fiqh ). In addition, he was known as a poet and polemicist who debated with the followers of Sufism .

• The most famous of the works of Khurr al-Amili is his monumental vault “ Tafsil vasail al-shia ilya akhkam al-sharia, ” which was based on four Shiite canonical collections ( al-kutub al-arba'a ) - Al-Kafi , " Man la yahduruhu-l-fakih ", " Al-Istibsar ", " Tahzib al-ahkam ", as well as many other sources. A distinctive feature of this work was the scrupulous classification given by the author to the collected material. ^[eight]
• Another well-known collection of hadiths by Hurr al-Amili is called Al-Jawahir as-saniyahi fi-l-ahadis al-Qudsiyya . It includes exclusively hadiths of the kudsi category - that is, sacred, considered the words of Allah . ^[6]
• Another set of hadiths compiled by Hurr al-Amili, “Isbat al-khudat bi-nnusus wa-lu-mu'jizat” , includes legends about the right of the twelve imams to lead the ummah , as well as miracles performed by them.
• In the work Amal al-Amil fi Ulam Jabal Amil, Hurr al-Amili collected valuable information about Shiite theologians of Lebanon, in particular, who came from his native village.

Among his other works is the anti-Sufi treatise "Risala Isnaashariyya fi-r-radd ala-s-Sufiya" ("Treatise of the Twelve, Refuting the Views of the Sufis").

• As a poet, Hurr al-Amili became the author of the sofa, which includes approximately 20,000 poetic stanzas. Among his poems are didactic poems ( manzum ), most of which are panegyrics and odes to the prophet Muhammad and the twelve imams. ^[9]

• Encyclopaedia Iranica.