Peter Dmitrievich Liberov (1904-1983) - Soviet archaeologist , specialist in the field of cultures of the Scythian time and the Bronze Age. Doctor of Historical Sciences. Deputy Director of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1961-1971). Member of World War II .
| Pyotr Dmitrievich Liberov | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | January 27, 1904 |
| Place of Birth | Trufanogory village, Pinezhsky uyezd , Arkhangelsk province , Russian empire |
| Date of death | October 11, 1983 (aged 79) |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| A country |  the USSR |
| Scientific field | archeology |
| Place of work | Institute of Archeology, USSR Academy of Sciences |
| Alma mater | Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Historical Sciences ( 1971 ) |
| supervisor | B. N. Grakov |
Content
Biography
Born in the village of Trufanogory, Pinezhsky Uyezd, Arkhangelsk Province (now Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Region ).
In 1939 he graduated from the History Department of MIFLI , after which he was left in graduate school. The Great Patriotic War, which began in 1941, prevented its completion. Liberov spent the entire war in the ranks of the army. [one]
After the war, in 1946-1948 he studied at the graduate school of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (IIMK) of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1957 - Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences). He was admitted to the Institute in 1948 and worked in it until his retirement in 1978. Over the 30 years of his work at the Institute, he has gone from a junior research assistant to a deputy director for science.
The main scientific interests of Liberov: archeology of the steppes of Scythia , the Right Bank of the forest-steppe Dnieper , the basin of the Seversky Donets .
In 1946-1953 he took part in the work of the Scythian steppe expedition under the leadership of B. N. Grakov. During its course, Liberov chose Scythian archeology as the main direction of his scientific research. Since 1954, its main goal was to study the past ancient population of the Middle Don during the Scythian period.
Liberov organized and headed the Voronezh forest-steppe Scythian expedition during the years 1954-1974. During this period, Liberov played an extremely important role in the study of ancient history (the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age) of the population of the Middle Don ( Voronezh and Belgorod regions ). The Voronezh forest-steppe Scythian expedition carried out extensive research in the region in a relatively short period of time and unearthed a number of interesting burial mounds of the Scythian era: in the tract “Frequent mounds”, near the village Mastyugino, with. Russian Trostyanka, near the village of Durovka, etc.
At the same time, for the first time in the practice of Middle Don archeology, more than 20 ancient settlements and 36 open settlements of the Early Iron Age were identified and partially studied. For the first time, Liberov widely applied an integrated approach to the study of Scythian antiquities in the Voronezh region, becoming one of the leading archaeologists and having a strong influence on the formation and development of subsequent research in this region.
The expedition from local monuments collected and analyzed the first collections of anthropological material (processed and summarized by G.F. Debets ), as well as paleozoological material (V.I. Tsalkin devoted his works to this section). A spectral analysis of non-ferrous metal from burial and settlement complexes of the 5th – 4th centuries was also carried out. BC e.
Scientific Papers
- Theses
- Scythian mounds of Kyiv region. PhD thesis. - M., 1948 .-- 467 l. + Album app. 10 l
- The ancient history of the population of the Don region. The dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences. - M., 1971. - Part I-II. - 1085 l.
- 1949
- Scythian mounds of the Kiev region // KSIIIMK. Vol. 30.1949.- S. 93-104.
- 1950
- To the question of the relationship between the culture of burial fields and the culture of the Scythian time in the Kiev region // KSIIMK. Vol. 34. 1950. - S. 75-84.
- 1951
- To the question of Scythian plowmen // VDI. 1951. No. 4. - S. 178-185.
- Mounds near the village of Konstantinovka // KSIIIMK. Vol. 37. 1951. - S. 137-143, ill.
- 1952
- On the history of agriculture in the Scythian tribes of the Dnieper region of the Early Iron Age in the VI-II centuries. BC. // Materials on the history of agriculture of the USSR. Sat 1. - M., 1952. - S.66-114, ill.
- 1954
- Excavations of Kamensky "Kuchugur" in 1952-1953 // VDI. 1954. No. 4. - S. 176-179, ill.
- Chronology of monuments of the Dnieper Scythian time // Questions of Scythian-Sarmatian archeology. - M., 1954. - S. 132-137, ill.
- 1956
- Mounds near the village of Cheremushny // KSIIMK. Vol. 63. 1956. - S. 98-102, ill.
- 1959
- Archaeological sites of the Bereki River // KSIIIMK. Vol. 77. 1959. - S. 35-41, ill., Maps.
- To the question of the time of domestication of chicken // SA. 1959. No. 2. - S. 232-235, ill.
- 1960
- On the history of cattle breeding and hunting on the territory of the Northern Black Sea Region during the Early Iron Age (IX century BC - V century CE) // The History of Cattle Breeding in the Northern Black Sea Region. - M., 1960. - S. 110-164, ill., Maps. - (MIA. No. 53)
- Mastyuginsky mounds and Voloshinsky fortifications // SA. 1960. No. 3. - S. 162-170, ill.
- Some results of intelligence on the Middle Don in the 1957 season // Transactions of VOKM. Vol. 1 1960. - S. 74-86, ill., Maps.
- 1961
- Mastyuginsky mounds (Some materials from the excavations of 1959-1960) // SA. 1961. No. 3. - S. 152-165, ill.
- New materials from the barrows near the village of Cheremushny // KSIA. Vol. 83. 1961. - S. 104-109, ill.
- Settlements at the Voynovka and Shvedovka farms on the Oskol River // KSIAANUSSR. Vol. 11.1961 .-- S. 53-58, ill.
- Intelligence in the floodplain of the Oskol River [1955] // KSIA. Vol. 83. 1961. - S. 95-103, ill., Maps.
- 1962
- Monuments of the Scythian time of the North Donets basin // Forest-steppe cultures of the Scythian time. - M., 1962. - S. 5-85, ill. - (MIA. No. 113)
- A figurine of a dog from a barrow near the village of Mastyugino // KSIA. Vol. 89. 1962. - S. 60-65, ill.
- Rec .: Shramko B.A. Antiquities of the North Donets. Kharkov, 1962 // SA. 1964. No. 3. - S. 340-344. (Co-author S.A. Pletnev)
- 1964
- Gelons and Budins in the Middle Don // Abstracts of reports at meetings, dedicated. the results of field research in 1963 - M., 1964. - S. 42-46.
- On the ethnicity of archaeological sites of the 1st millennium BC in the Middle Don region // Scientific session on the ethnogenesis of the Mordovian people. Abstracts. Summary of reports. - Saransk, 1964 .-- S. 39-43.
- Tribes of the Middle Don in the Bronze Age. - M., 1964. - 208 s, ill., Maps.
- 1965
- Studies of the Scythian forest-steppe expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on the Middle Don for 11 years // Ethnogenesis of the Mordovian people. - Saransk, 1965. - P.36-46.
- Monuments of the Scythian time in the Middle Don. - M., 1965. - 112 s, ill., Maps. - (AIS. D1-31).
- 1966
- Research on the Middle Don // AO 1965 (1966). - S. 91-93, ill.
- Ethnicity of the Middle Don population in Scythian time // Abstracts of reports and messages at the Conference on Scythian-Sarmatian archeology. Moscow, 1967. - M., 1966. - S. 36-38.
- 1969
- The problem of Budins and Gelons in the light of new archaeological data // Population of the Middle Don in Scythian time. - M., 1969. - P.5-26, ill., Maps. - (MIA. No. 151)
- Are sarmates sauromats? // The population of the Middle Don in Scythian time. - M., 1969. - S. 27-37, ill., Maps. - (MIA. No. 151).
- 1970
- Archaeological research on the Voronezh reservoir // AO 1969 (1970). - S.50-52. (Co-authors: A.D. Pryakhin, A.T. Sinyuk, B.G. Tikhonov)
- 1971
- The ancient history of the population of the Don region. Abstract. dis. ... doctor. East. sciences. - M., 1971. - 57 p.
- Ethnicity of the Middle Don population in Scythian time // Problems of Scythian archeology. - M., 1971. - P.103-115, ill., Maps. - (MIA. No. 177)
- 1972
- Local features of the “animal” style among the population of the Middle Don // Proceedings of the 3rd All-Union Conference on Scythian-Sarmatian archeology. - M., 1972. - P.16-17.
- 1973
- Monuments of Abashev culture in the Kursk region // Caucasus and Eastern Europe in antiquity. - M., 1973. - S.117-120, ill.
- Works of the Voronezh expedition // AO 1972 (1973). - S. 73-74. (Co-author A.I. Shkurko)
- 1974
- Inspection of monuments along the Potudani River // AO 1973 (1974). - S. 63-64.
- 1975
- Works of the Voronezh forest-steppe Scythian expedition // AO 1974 (1975). - S. 61-62, ill. (Co-author N.V. Koloshnitsyn)
- 1976
- Local features of the animal style of the Middle Don culture and reflection of relations with the outside world // Scythian-Siberian animal style in the art of Eurasia. - M., 1976. - S.138-146, ill.
- 1977
- Excavations of mounds in the Saratov Trans-Volga region // AO 1976 (1977). - S.137-138. (Co-authors: L.L. Galkin, N.G. Kim, N.M. Malov, V.I. Melnik)
- To the question of the Gelons of Herodotus // History and Culture of the Ancient World. - M., 1977 .-- S. 100-104.
- About the chronology of the Abashev culture // SA. 1977. No. 2. - S. 43-54.
- 1978
- On the chronology of mounds near the village of Staroyuryevo // Problems of Soviet Archeology. - M., 1978. - S. 102-108, ill.
- Excavations of the Voronezh new construction expedition // AO 1977 (1978). - S. 71-72. (Co-author A.T. Sinyuk)
- Felling culture in the Middle Don // Scientific works of KuibGPI. - T. 221. - 1978. - S.75-78.
- 1980
- About the chronology of some bone products of the Late Bronze Age // KSIA. Vol. 161. 1980. - S. 21-24, ill.
- 2000
- Conclusion on the situation of the ancient Scythian population, known as "Kamensky Kuchugury" of the Kamensko-Dneprovsky district of Zaporizhzhya region in connection with its forest planting / Govrilyuk N.A., Kotova O.I. One hundred years of excavation of the Kamensky settlement. Appendix 2 // Scythians and Sarmatians in the VII-III centuries. BC: paleoecology , anthropology and archeology. - M., 2000. - S.13-14. (Co-author B.N. Grakov).
Literature
- Ad memoriam / Material prepared by D. S. Korobkov // Russian Archeology . - 2004. - No. 4. - S. 188-189.
- Gulyaev V.I. Liberov Petr Dmitrievich (1904-1983) // Institute of Archeology: history and modernity. Collection of scientific biographies. - M., 2000. - S. 151-153, portr.
- Gulyaev V.I. S. N. Zamyatnin and P. D. Liberov and their contribution to the study of Scythian-era monuments in the Middle Don // Archeology of the Black Earth Center of Russia: history of research, historiography. Materials of the regional scientific conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of S. N. Zamyatnin. - Voronezh, 1999 .-- S. 63-65.
- Krupnov E.I. To the 60th anniversary of P.D. Liberov // Soviet Archeology. 1964. No. 2. - S. 89-91, portr.
- Moiseev A.V. Abashevsko-srubnaya problems in the assessment of P.D. Liberov // Srubnaya cultural-historical community in the antiquity system of the Bronze Age of the Eurasian steppe and forest-steppe. Materials of the international scientific conference. - Voronezh, 2000 .-- S. 173-177.
- Moiseev A.V. P. D. Liberov and the study of the Abashev antiquities of the Don region // Problems of the archaeological site (Materials of the 1st Cartamian Polish archaeological seminar) from Novozvanivka Popasnyansky district of the Luhansk region 7-8 sickle serpent. - Alchevsk, 2003 .-- S. 78-83.
- Moiseev A.V. P. D. Liberov and the study of the Bronze Age of the forest-steppe Don region // Novik: A collection of scientific works of graduate students and students of the History Department of Voronezh State University. Vol. 3. - Voronezh, 2000 .-- S. 24-29.
- Pryakhin A. D. , Moiseev A. V. P. D. Liberov and the archaeological study of the forest-steppe Don region // Bulletin of the Yelets State University. Issue 1. - Series “History, Law”. - Yelets, 2002 .-- S. 156-163.