Bititsky fortification is a fortification located on a high cape of the Psel river (the left tributary of the Dnieper) in the vicinity of the village of Bititsa, Sumy region . Feature of the settlement are powerful fortifications created around the perimeter of the settlement. Dated to the VIII century [1] . In addition to Slavic type dugouts, there are yurt-like dwellings associated with the Alan-Bulgarian population [2] . By the scale of its influence, the Bititsky fortification is compared with Kiev [3] .
| Hillfort | |
| Bititsky fortification | |
|---|---|
| A country |  Ukraine |
| Region | Sumy |
| Status | Archaeological site |
| Archaeological cultures | |
| Volintsevskaya | |
| Saltovo-Mayatskaya (Khazar) | |
A number of finds allow this settlement to be attributed to the Volyntsev culture , however, a number of researchers make assumptions that it is a Khazar fortress [4] or even a “center for the management of Slavic lands”, where a military garrison of the Khazar governor stood [5] . Particularly in favor of this assumption are the finds of weapons: Saltovsky type sabers ( broadswords ), bristles , maces, spear and arrowheads, battle axes. Presumably, the Batitsky settlement was the center for the production of circular ceramics of the Volintsev type.
The Bititsky settlement ceased to exist at the beginning of the 9th century, as evidenced by traces of fires and skeletons of dead people discovered by archaeologists. Presumably this happened in connection with the internal feud in the Khazar Kaganate , which broke out after the proclamation of Judaism as the state religion [6] . According to another version, Bititsa was destroyed in the first third of the 9th century by the early Rus invading the Left Bank of the Dnieper [7] , in favor of which the supposedly arrowhead-type arrowheads and axes with squeezed teeth found on the Bitetsky fortified settlement [8] say. However, Gnezdovo appeared on the banks of the Dnieper only in the first quarter of the X century [9] [10] . A. S. Schaveliev and A. A. Fetisov point to the steppe Volga or South Ural origin of the tips. Their typology: group II, type 44 according to the classification of A. V. Kirganov [11] .
On an area of 5.6 hectares, 70 half-dugouts and ground structures were excavated, another 108 half-dugouts were recorded by electromagnetic reconnaissance. The area with the adjacent unsecured part is up to 11 ha.
Literature
- Yurenko S.P., Sukhobokov O. V. On the funeral rituals of the holders of the monuments of the Volyntsev culture (based on the materials of the Bititsky fortification) // Archeology and History of the South-East of Russia. Voronezh, 1993.S. 40-43.
Notes
- ↑ About Romance Culture in the Middle Gorge Archival copy of March 8, 2016 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ About the monuments of the Volyntsev type , C.8
- ↑ Sumy and Sumy region
- ↑ BETWEEN THE KHAZARS AND ANCIENT RUSSIA (VIII-X century)
- ↑ northerners: from the history of military confrontation
- ↑ Priymak V.V. The territorial structure of the inter-Middle Desna and Middle Vorskla VIII — post. IX st. Sumi
- ↑ Komar A. On the discussion of the origin and early phases of the history of Kiev // Almanac of history and archeology of Europe RUTHENICA. - 2005. - No. 4 - P.123
- ↑ Komar A.V., Sukhobokov O.V. The ancient settlement “Monastery” and Old Russian Romain // Starodavzhy korosten i i slov'yansya grad VIII — X st. Kiev, 2004.
- ↑ Fetisov A. A. On the question of the lower date of the Gnezdovsky archaeological complex and the time of the functioning of the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks” // Faces of humanitarian knowledge. A collection of articles on the 60th anniversary of Professor S. P. Shchavelev. Kursk. 2013.S. 111-117.
- ↑ Androshchuk F.A. 2010. Swords and some problems of the chronology of the Viking era // Cornerstone. Archeology, history, art, culture of Russia and neighboring countries. M.T. 1.
- ↑ Schaveliev A.S., Fetisov A.A. To the historical geography of Eastern Europe IX century-2. Map of Scandinavian complexes and artifacts . S. 278-328. // The oldest states of Eastern Europe. 2015 year. The economic systems of Eurasia in the early Middle Ages. Under the scientific. Edited by: A. S. Schaveliev M .: Russian Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Science (Dmitry Pozharsky University), 2017.