The Republic of Sale is a 17th-century pirate state on the Moroccan coast. City-state and port, formerly independent from 1627 to 1668 It was located at the mouth of the river Bu-Regreg [1] .
| pirate state | |
| Republic of Sale | |
|---|---|
 location of the republic of Sale | |
1627 - 1668 | |
| Capital | Kasba Udaya |
| Languages) | arabic and spanish |
| Square | 91 ha |
| Population | 20 thousand (approx.) |
| Continuity | |
| ← Saadites | |
| Alawites → | |
Content
History
Beginnings of the Republic
In addition to the Sale itself (or the “Old Sale”), the structure of the pirate state also included Rabat (“New Sale”) and the Kasbah . The last two settlements located on the left bank of the river. Buregg, after 1610 experienced the powerful influence of refugees from Spain - the Moriski [2] [3] . The term "Sale" in those days served to refer to a community formed by three cities and gaining political recognition from the European powers. In the old quarter of modern Rabat, “Consul Street” has survived to this day, where previously the diplomatic missions of England , France and the Netherlands were located [2] .
A colony of immigrants from Ornachos ( ornacheros ) [4] appeared in the vicinity of Sale in the second half of the 16th century. Settlers settled on the ruins of Kasba, lying on the left bank of the Buregg river. Natives of Extremadura , these Muslims have largely remained faithful to the Arabic language. Even before the issuance of decrees on the expulsion of the Morisks, they managed to remove their property from Spain. [5] Thanks to their wealth and influence in the local community, ornacheros played a leading role in the politics of the region until 1630 [6] .
The reasons for the second wave of immigration were decrees of Philip III (1609–1610), obliging every resident of Spain who had ever practiced Islam (even “converted” Muslims who became Catholics) to “immediately leave the country” [7] [8] . The total number of refugees in Morocco reached 40 thousand people; a significant part of them ended up in Sale [9] . The new arrivals, being immigrants from Andalusia , spoke Spanish and, unlike their predecessors, were forced to settle at the foot of the Kasbah [10] .
In just a few years, the left bank of the river. Bureggreg became a stronghold of pirates [11] . One Dutch captain in 1617 described the development of the local fleet [12] :
“Just a year ago, the Moors of Sale did not have ships. Now they have four ships at sea. They will become very strong if no measures are taken against them. ”
- R. G. Land . Moriski in the Maghreb (Voprosy istorii magazine, No. 3, 1997).
An exceptional influence in the young pirate republic was acquired by a corsair of Dutch origin, Jan Janson , also known as Murat Reis [13] [14] .
Notes
- ↑ Maziane, Leila. Salé au XVIIe siècle, terre d'asile morisque sur le littoral Atlantique marocain . Cahiers de la Méditerranée (2009, No. 79). Date of treatment December 29, 2012. Archived December 29, 2012. (fr.)
- ↑ 1 2 Roger Coindreau. Les Corsaires ... - S. 45
- ↑ Leïla Maziane. Salé ... - S. 69-70
- ↑ An example of the use of the term in Russian
- ↑ Roger Coindreau. Les Corsaires ... - S. 42
- ↑ Roger Coindreau. Les Corsaires ... - S. 48-49
- ↑ Roger Coindreau. Les Corsaires ... - S. 35
- ↑ As one of the versions of the exile, the researchers called the Moriski support (imaginary or real) of the Ottoman fleet and the Maghribi pirates robbing the Spanish coast. At the same time, R. G. Landa notes that “with this explanation, the investigation is taken as the cause. The pro-Turkish orientation of the Morisks ”was caused by constant violations of Spanish laws that guaranteed the Muslim population“ cultural autonomy ”since the Reconquista, as well as the relentless pressure of the Inquisition,“ endless ”revelatory processes, continuous confrontation with the Christian population and“ ever-increasing fanaticism on both sides. ” See: Landa R. G. Moriski ... - S. 53.
- ↑ Landa R. G. Moriski ... - S. 54
- ↑ Roger Coindreau. Les Corsaires ... - S. 43-44
- ↑ Fajardo, José Manuel. Rabat / Salé, la conquête pirate . Le Monde (09/01/2009). Date of treatment January 9, 2013. Archived January 9, 2013. (fr.)
- ↑ Landa R. G. Moriski ... - S. 55
- ↑ Roger Coindreau. Les Corsaires ... - S. 75
- ↑ Thus, in 1624, Janson was appointed "Admiral of Sale." See: Leïla Maziane . Salé ... - pp. 103-104
Sources
- Leïla Maziane. Salé et ses corsaires . - Publications des Universités de Rouen et du Havre, 2007 .-- ISBN 978-2-87775-439-2 . (fr.)
- Roger Coindreau. Les Corsaires de Salé . - La croisée des chemins, 2006. (fr.)
- Landa R. G. Moriski in the Maghreb // Issues of History : Journal. - 1997. - No. 3 . - S. 51-58 .