Kukolnik, Pavel Vasilyevich

The son of a Polish Catholic and Ruthenian ^{[1] [2]} from the Polish city of Zamo вć in Austria of that time moved to Russia with his parents at the age of eight, when his father W. G. Kukolnik ( 1765 - 1821 ) was invited in 1804 as a professor of physics Open Petersburg Main Pedagogical Institute.

After several years of service in various departments of St. Petersburg in 1815, he defended his thesis “On the Impact of Roman Law on All-Russian” on the title of Doctor of Law in the Polotsk Jesuit Academy, the institution closest to St. Petersburg where academic degrees were conferred.

The translation of the Condensed General History by the French historian and statesman Louis Philippe de Segur (published in 5 volumes in St. Petersburg in 1818-1820 ) drew the favorable attention of influential circles to the Puppeteer.

Probably, under the impression of the tragic death of his father in 1821, he was baptized according to the Orthodox rite.

In December 1824, on the recommendation of the trustee of the Vilna University , an influential senator N. N. Novosiltsev, was appointed Minister of Education A. S. Shishkov to the Vilna University as a professor of general history and statistics.

In the spring of 1825 he settled in Vilna . In the first academic year, he became the secretary of the university council and a member of two temporary committees.

Administrative positions at the university were occupied by his brother Platon the Puppeteer . At the end of the Nezhinsky Lyceum, N. V. Kukolnik , who in 1829 - 1831 taught Russian literature at the Vilna Gymnasium and published a practical Russian grammar course in Polish, was founded by P. V. Kukolnik.

Since 1831, the Puppeteer was in charge of the university library and the numismatic office. When lecturing at the university, he used his translation of the “Abbreviated Universal History” de Segur.

After the liquidation of the University of Vilna ( 1832 ), he served as a librarian and taught Russian at the Medical-Surgical Academy ( 1833 - 1842 ); in the Catholic Theological Academy ( 1834 - 1842 ) he taught general and Russian history. At the same time served in 1829 - 1841 censor . In 1842 he retired with the rank of state councilor .

In 1844 he took the place of the board member of the Vilna Roman Catholic Diocesan Seminary, where he taught history (until 1851 ).

Simultaneously, from 1849, he served as an official of special assignments on the historical and statistical part of the region during the Vilna governor-general in 1840 - 1850 F. Ya. Mirkovich , subsequently a member of the provincial statistical committee.

In 1851 he was re-appointed by the censor; in 1863 - 1865 the chairman of the Vilna censorship committee. He deserved the reputation of a condescending censor. He maintained friendly relations with Vilna writers A. E. Odynets , A. G. Kirkor , L. Kondratovich , V. Korotinsky . A commission to examine Polish and Zhmud books sold in Vilna, established in 1865 to investigate political abuses in the book trade (chaired by Major General A. P. Stolypin), accused Kukolnik of permission to print books that served "Latin-Polish" propaganda and contributing to the uprising of 1863 and the desire to "encourage the spread of harmful books of Zhmud", explained by close relations with publishers and booksellers of Zavadsky and a desire to please Bishop Volonchevsky .

Consisted as a full member of the Vilnius archaeological commission ( 1855 - 1865 ) since its foundation. He made presentations and reports at its meetings.

From April 1864 to March 1865, he was chairman of the Vilna Commission for reviewing and issuing ancient acts ( Vilna Archeographic Commission ). In 1865, he finally retired with the rank of State Councilor .

The last years of his life he taught history for free at a women's college at the Mariinsky Monastery. He was a zealous parishioner of the Vilna Orthodox churches .

He was buried at the Orthodox Euphrosinian cemetery in Vilna .

In addition to the translation of the Condensed Universal History by Louis Philippe de Segur ( 1818 - 1820 ), the Puppeteer translated the sermons of the French Protestant theologian Eugene Bersière (translation not published).

Journalism and Memoirs

A kind of journalism is a cautionary note “In memory of friends and acquaintances who honored me to visit on the day of the end of fifty years since I entered the public service field” ( 1862 ) and the brochure “The Voice of a Christian after reading the book of Renan “ La vie de Jesus “” ( 1864 ).

Published in the “ Russian Archive ” the polemical memoirs “Anti-Tsiprinus. Memoirs of N.N. Novosiltsev ", ( 1873 ) and" Anti-Fotiy. An eyewitness's answer to Photius’s testimony about Tatarinova and her union ( 1874 ) is designed to protect the memory of the long-term patron of the entire family of N. Nukilistsev Kukolnikov and who played an important role in Kukolnik’s biography of the leader of a religious circle of 1817-1837 . in St. Petersburg E. F. Tatarinova people. They contain curious details of episodes of the puppeteer's own life and the mores of his surroundings in Petersburg and Vilna .

Dramaturgy

In his youth he was fond of theater and wrote tragedies in the spirit of J. Racine . The cumbersome tragedies and dramas in verses on historical and biblical subjects were written with an eye to the canons of classicism and were distinguished by religious didacticism. The plot of the tragedy "Guniad" is gleaned in the history of the Hungarian commander XV Janusz Hunyadi . The underlying problem of the duty of the subject and the sovereign is inherent in the drama of classicism. The “sea robber” preaches loyalty to Christian values.

The puppeteer valued them especially highly, realizing at the same time their archaic nature.

Poetry

The puppeteer wrote stories and stories in verses “Maria”, “Friend”, “Enemy”, “Grandfather's Vision”. They have been published since 1834 (sometimes under the cryptoim P. K. or anonymously) in separate editions and in three collections published in Vilna "Poems" ( 1861 ), "Poems. T. 2 ”( 1872 ),“ The Last Piece of My Spiritual Life ”( 1882 ).

The novel in verses “Three Years of Life” (1834) with additions is included in the collection “Poems. T. 2 ”( 1872 ), an epilogue in the book The Last Piece of My Spiritual Life ( 1882 ). The syllable and individual features are reminiscent of the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”.

Collections printed by small editions for friends and acquaintances and not intended for sale included initiations and poems “on occasion” - birthdays or birthday of acquaintances, national or local events (concert in Vilna of violinist K.Yu. Lipinski , adoption under the patronage of the crown Prince Nikolai Alexandrovich of Vilnius Museum of antiquities, the capture of Imam Shamil , leaving the position of the Vilna governor-general VI Nazimova , appointment AL Potapov Vilna governor-general. a separate print of the arrival Impe Ator Alexander II came the poem "6th September 1858 in Vilnius."

Kukolnik's poems are characterized by the same didacticity that is also characteristic of his providential historiosophy.

History

Contemporaries emphasized Kukolnik's pioneering in mastering the history of Lithuania. His few historiographic works are compiled. The puppeteer, as a rule, recited the works of Yu. I. Krashevsky , T. Narbutt , M. Balinsky , L. Yutsevich , A. G. Kirkora . The puppeteer saw in the history the action of Providence, therefore his writings are inherent in didacticism and religious moralism.

They are similar in terms of the sources used, the material and the manner in which the ethnographic and local history works are presented. In the article “Traditions of the Lithuanian people”, the Puppeteer presented Lithuanian traditions, superstitions and customs, described games, dances, wedding and funeral rites, led more than fifty songs, over three hundred proverbs and sayings.

Local history works include a kind of a guide to the most ancient street of Vilna “Journeys through the Castle Street in Vilna” in the newspaper “ Viljensky Vestnik / Kurjer Wileński” ( 1860 ).

Kukolnik published his works in scientific and literary appendices to the “Memorial Book of the Vilna Province”, “The Records of the Vilna Archaeological Commission”, in the newspaper “Vilna Bulletin”.

In “Historical Notes on Lithuania” and “Historical Notes on the North-Western Territory of Russia”, published after the suppression of the 1863 uprising , the Puppeteer argued that Lithuania’s welfare consistently depended on the position of the Orthodox Church and the degree of closeness with Russia, and turns to the West, strengthening Polish influence and Catholicism brought disaster. The Notes were published in books and published in the newspapers Vilensky Vestnik, Kovno Provincial Gazette, and the journal Vestnik of South-Western and Western Russia (Vestnik of Western Russia).

History, local history, memoirs

• History of Management and Legislation of Lithuania // Memorial Book of the Vilna Province for 1853. - Part 2. Historical and statistical essays Vilna province. - Vilno: Type. O. Zavadsky, 1853. - p. 19-56.
• Stokliskie mineral waters // Memorial book of the province of Vilna in 1853. - Part 2. Historical and statistical essays Vilna province. - Vilno: Type. O. Zavadsky, 1853. - pp. 57-67.
• Traditions of the Lithuanian people // Traits from the history and life of the Lithuanian people. - Vilno: Type. O. Zavadsky, 1854. - P. 66-149.
• On benefits to supplement the Lithuanian history = O pomocach do dopełnenia dziejów Litwy // Zapiski Vilna Archeological Commission. Part I / Ed. A. Kirkor and M. Gusev. = Pamiętniki kommisji archeologicznej Wileńskiej. Cz. I / Pod red. M. Balińskiego i L. Kondratowicza. - Wilno: Drukiem J. Zawadskiego, 1856. - S. 40-47.
• Historical memories of p. Neman // Memorial book of the Vilna province in 1860. - Part 2. Historical and statistical compilation of the Vilna province. - Vilno: Type. A. Kirkor and K °, 1860. - P. 1-25.
• Journey through the Castle Street in Vilna // Vilensky Vestnik. 1860. № 1, January 1 - 14, 16, 18, 19, 21-27, April 1 .
• Excerpts from a trip to the Grodno province // Vilensky Vestnik. - 1860. - № 73-75; September 16, 20, 23.
• In memory of my friends and acquaintances who honored me to visit on the day of the end of fifty years since I entered the public service field. - Vilna: Type. A.C. Kirkor, 1862.
• Historical notes about Lithuania // Bulletin of southwestern and western Russia. - 1863. - T. II, Vol. 6, Dep. II, p. 150–186; T. III, Vol. 7 and 8, p. 1-36, 99-12.
• Historical notes about Lithuania. - Vilna: type. A. K. Kirkor, 1864.
• Historical notes about northwest Russia. Period 2. From the beginning of 1813 to 1831. - Vilna: Type. Vilna province government, 1867.
• Anti-Cyprinus. Memories of N.N. Novosiltsev // Russian Archive . - 1873. - № 2. - Stlb. 203-224, 0193-0200.
• Anti-Photius. The answer of the eyewitness to the testimony of Photius about Tatarinova and her union // Russian archive . - 1874. - № 3. - Stlb. 589-611.

Poetry and dramaturgy

• September 6, 1858 in Vilna. - Vilno: Type. Gliksberg, 1858.
• Poems Kukolnik poems. 1861 - Vilno: Type. A.C. Kirkor, 1861.
• Guniad. The tragedy in five acts in verse. - Vilna: Printed by A.G. Syrkina, 1872 (manuscript 1837 ).
• Holy Apostle Jude, brother of the Lord . - Leipzig , 1866 (the manuscript was presented to the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities in November 1857 ).
• Maria. - SPb. 1870.
• Sea robber. The tragedy in five acts in verse. - Vilna: Printed by A.G. Syrkina, 1872.
• Memories of the Crimea. 1870 - Vilna: Pr. Of A.G. Syrkin, 1872.
• Poems Kukolnik poems. - T. II. - Vilna: Printed by A.G. Syrkina, 1872.

• Wróg - kusiciel. Powieść wierszowana Pawła Kukolnika // W. Syrokomla. Gawędy i rymy ulotne. Poczet 3. - Wilno, 1856. - S. 181-217. (polish)
• Sierotka / Przekład W. Korotyńskiego // Teka Wileńska. - 1857. - T. 2. - S. 73-74. (polish)
• Dwa sądy / Przekład W. Korotyńskiego // Teka Wileńska. 1858. - T. 4. - S. 16-20. (polish)
• Sąd poety. Z Pawła Kukolnika // AE Odyniec. Poezye. Wydanie nowe. Poprawione i pomnożone. - TI - Wilno: Drukarnia A. Syrkina, 1859. - S. 222–227. (polish)
• Wróg - kusiciel. Powieść wierszowana Pawła Kukolnika; Alboin. Z Pawła Kukolnika // L. Kondratowicz (W. Syrokomla). Poezye. Wydanie zupełne na rzecz wdowy i sierot autora. - TX - Warszawa: Gebether i Wolf, 1872. - S. 171–198. (polish)
• Lietuvių padavimai / Vertė J. Trinkūnas // Lietuvių mitologija. T. 1 / Parengė N. Vėlius; red. R. Merkaitė. - Vilnius: Mintis, 1995. - p. 236-240. (lit.)

• GT Ustęp z życiorysu nieboszczyka Pawła Kukolnika // Kraj. 1884. Nr. 41, 7 (19) października. (polish)
• To [otovich] P. I. Kukolnik [obituary] // Vilna calendar for 1885 (simple) year. - Vilna, 1884. - p. 204-205.
• Shvorubovich A.I. Brothers Kukolniki. Essay on their lives: Biography, service and literary activities and chronicles of contemporary events in the North-Western Territory. - Vilna: Type. Provincial government, 1885.
• Kubas I. Kukolnik, Pavel Vasilyevich // Kukolnik, Pavel Vasilyevich // Russian biographical dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918. - [T .:] Knapp - Kuchelbecker. - SPb. , 1903. - pp. 537-538.
• Makowiecka Z. Kukolnik Paweł // Polski słownik biograficzny. T. XVI, zeszyt 68. - Wrocław, etc .: Ossolineum, 1971. - S. 120-121. (polish)
• Ryabov A.K. Kukolnik Pavel Vasilievich // Russian Writers. 1800-1917: Biographical Dictionary / Ch. ed. P. A. Nikolaev. - T. 3: K — M. - M .: 1994. - p. 215-217.
• Lavrinets P. Essay by P. Kukolnik “Journey through Zamkovaya Street in Vilna” // Baltic Archive. Russian culture in the Baltic States. T. I. Tallinn, [1996]. Pp. 80-94.

• Pavel Kukolnik in the Baltic Archive
• short biography
• Journey through the Castle Street in Vilna