Independence Fjord

Independence is located in the northeastern part of Greenland, in the north it borders with the Land of Piri . The length of the fjord is about 200 kilometers, the average width is about 30. The mouth of the fjord opens in the Vandel Sea (the water area of the Arctic Ocean ). His name was received on July 4, 1892, his fjord was given by an American explorer Robert Peary , who was the first civilized man to see him on this day - Independence Day of his country .

Numerous remains of sites and dwellings of the Paleo-Eskimos were found along the shores of the fjord. According to the dates of their existence, these archeological monuments are divided by the Danish explorer-archaeologist into the First Culture of Independence and the ^[1] .

The study of the fjord began at the beginning of the 20th century, the first notable work on this topic belongs to Christian Bendix Tostrup, who published in 1911 his Ethnographic Description of the Eskimo settlements and stone ruins in northeastern Greenland. In 1912, the Danes Knud Rasmussen and explored the coast of the fjord, who proved that the Piri Land is not an island, documented in detail the temperature, ice, rocks, and also found the remains of the northernmost Eskimo settlement at that time, which was the most northern permanent human settlement on Earth ^[2] .

The northern coast of the fjord (the southern part of Piri Land) was inhabited by the First Culture (2400-1800 BC) of the Paleo-Eskimos, their dwellings were built of stones and bones, they hunted mainly for musk oxen and hares . Younger (1800–1300 BC) remains of the First Culture were found on the southern coast of Independence. Traces of the life of the Second Culture (800-200 BC) were also found there - their methods of constructing dwellings, household items, and other artifacts are somewhat different from their predecessors.

• List of Greenland Fjords

• Independence Fjord, Peary, and the First Thule Expedition on icyseas.org
• Eigil Knuth. “An outline of the archaeology of Peary Land” on pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca
• JC Troelsen "Notes on the Pleistocene Geology of Peary Land, North Greenland" at 2dgf.dk