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Count March

Earl of March or Earl of March ( English Earl of March ) - a title that was created several times in England and Scotland for representatives of families whose possessions were located on the border holdings ( stamps ) between England and Wales ( Welsh Mark ) and England and Scotland ( Scottish stamps ). Later, the title ceased to be associated with border estates, turning into a regular noble title.

Content

  • 1 Earls March in Scotland
    • 1.1 Earls March (Scotland), 1st Creation
    • 1.2 Earls March (Scotland), 2nd Creation (1455)
    • 1.3 Earls March (Scotland), 3rd Creation (1581)
    • 1.4 Earls March (Scotland), 4th Creation (1697)
  • 2 Earls March in England
    • 2.1 Earls March (England), 1st Creation (1328)
    • 2.2 Earls March (England), 2nd Creation (1479)
    • 2.3 Earls March (England), 3rd Creation (1619)
    • 2.4 Earls March (England), 4th Creation (1675)
  • 3 notes
  • 4 See also
  • 5 Literature
  • 6 References

Earls March in Scotland

Scottish stamps

The Earls of March on the Scottish border erected their descent to the Earl of Northumbria Gospatrick . Exiled from his possessions, Gospatrick fled to Scotland, where King Malcolm III , granted him extensive land holdings in Lothian and Borderland, with a center in Danbar , which until the end of the X century were part of the Kingdom of Northumbria , after which they came under the power of the Scots. The descendants of Gospatrick received the title of Earls of Dunbar and dominated southeastern Scotland for several centuries, until the middle of the XIII century . In March 1290, the title of Count March [1] was recognized by an act of parliament for Count Patrick IV Dunbar . Since that time, the title "Earl March" began to be used as an alternative to the title "Earl of Dunbar" [2] .

In 1400, the King of Scotland, Robert III, deprived George I of Dunbar , 10th Earl of March, of the title, but in 1409, with the support of Robert Stewart , Duke of Albany , Regent of Scotland, George was reinstated. However, at the end of 1434, the King of Scotland, Jacob I, declared this restoration of the title illegal, since in his opinion the Duke of Albany exceeded his authority. Although George II Dunbar , 4th Earl of March, was given the opportunity to defend himself in a court of peers, in January 1435 all his titles and possessions of the Dunbars were confiscated, and George II and his family were forced to move to England [3] .

On August 4, 1455, the title of Earl March was recreated among several other titles for Alexander Stuart , Duke of Albany, one of the sons of King James II of Scotland. Although in 1485, Alexander's possessions were confiscated, but his son John continued to bear the title of Count March. In 1515, the title of Duke of Albany was confirmed for him. John died in 1536, leaving no heirs, after which the title of Count March again disappeared.

The next creation of the title dates back to 1580, when Robert Stuart , one of the sons of John Stuart , 3rd Earl of Lennox, received it. The title was transferred to Robert in return for the title of Earl of Lennox, which was transferred to his great-grand nephew Esme Stewart . But Robert did not leave children, after his death in 1586 the title was abolished.

In 1697, the title of Earl March was again recreated for William Douglas , one of the sons of William Douglas , 1st Duke of Queensberry . After the death of his grandson William Douglas , 4th Duke of Queensberry, the title passed to Francis Charteris , a descendant of Ann Douglas, sister of William, 1st Earl of March. Francis took the surname Carteris-Vemiss-Douglas. In 1826, Francis inherited the title of Count Vemissa. From that moment on, the title “Earl March” became an additional title in the family. Currently, the title holder of Earl of Vemiss and March is James Donald Charteris , 13th Earl of Vemiss and 9th Earl of March

Earls March (Scotland) 1st Creation

Counts of Lothian
  • OK. 1115 - 1138 : Gospatrick II (d. Approx. August 22, 1138), Count Lothiana from approx. 1115, son of the Earl of Northumbria Gospatrick (I)
  • 1138 - 1166 : Gospatrick III (d. 1166), Count of Lothian from 1138, son of the previous
Earls of Dunbar
  • 1166 - 1182 : Waltheof (d. 1182), Earl of Lothian from 1166, in his castle received the title "Earl of Dunbar", the son of the previous
  • 1182 - 1232 : Patrick I (1152 - December 31, 1232), Earl of Dunbar from 1182, son of the previous
  • 1232 - 1248 : Patrick II (d. 1248), Earl of Dunbar from 1232, son of the previous
  • 1248 - 1289 : Patrick III (c. 1213 - August 24, 1289), Earl of Dunbar from 1248, son of the previous
Counts March
  • 1289 - 1308 : Patrick IV (c. 1242 - October 10, 1308), Earl of Dunbar from 1289, 1 / 8th Earl of March from 1290, son of the previous
  • 1308 - 1368 : Patrick V (c. 1285 - November 11, 1368), 2/9th Earl March of 1308, son of the previous
  • 1368-1420 : George I (c. 1336-1420 ), 12th Lord Anadale 1369-1401, Lord Bardolph 1402-1409, 10/10 Earl March 1368-1400, 1409-1420, granddaughter of the previous
  • 1420 - 1435 : George II (c. 1370 - 1455/1457), 4th / 11th Earl March in 1420-1435, son of the previous

In 1435, the title Earl March was confiscated by the king of Scotland.

Earls March (Scotland), 2nd Creation (1455)

  • 1455 - 1485 : Alexander Stuart (1454 - August 7, 1485), Duke of Albany, Earl March, Mara and Garyoch from 1455, son of the King of Scotland, James II
  • OK. 1481 - 1536 : John Stuart (c. 1481 - July 2, 1536), Earl March from 1481/1485, Duke of Albany from 1515, son of the previous

Earls March (Scotland), 3rd Creation (1581)

  • 1580 - 1586 : Robert Stuart (c. 1517 - August 29, 1586), Bishop of Caitnes from 1543, Earl of Lennox in 1578-1580, 1st Earl of March

Earls March (Scotland) 4th Creation (1697)

  • 1697 - 1705 : William Douglas (d. September 2, 1705), 1st Earl of March from 1697
  • 1705 - 1731 : William Douglas (c. 1696 - March 7, 1731), 2nd Earl of March from 1705, son of the previous
  • 1731 - 1810 : William Douglas (December 16, 1725 - December 23, 1810), 3rd Earl of March from 1731, 3rd Earl of Raglen, 3rd Baron Hillhouse and 3rd Viscount Rickartown from 1748, 4th Duke of Queensberry 1778, son of the previous
  • 1810 - 1853 : Francis Charteris (April 15, 1772 - June 28, 1853), 4th Earl March from 1810, 1st Baron Vemiss from 1821, 8th Earl Vemiss from 1826, descendant of Ann Douglas, sisters of William Douglas, 1- Go Earl March
  • 1853 - 1883 : Francis Charteris (August 14, 1796 - January 1, 1883), 9th Earl of Vemiss and 5th Earl of March from 1853, son of the previous
  • 1883 - 1914 : Francis Richard Charteris (August 4, 1818 - June 30, 1914), 10th Earl of Vemiss and 6th Earl of March from 1883, son of the previous
  • 1914 - 1937 : Hugo Richard Charteris (August 25, 1857 - July 12, 1937), 11th Earl of Vemiss and 7th Earl of March from 1914, son of the previous
  • 1937 - 2008 : Francis David Charteris (January 19, 1912 - December 12, 2008), 12th Earl of Vemiss and 8th Earl of March from 1937, grandson of the previous
  • since 2008 : James Donald Charteris (born June 22, 1948), 13th Earl of Wemisse and 9th Earl of March since 2008, son of the previous

Earls March in England

The title was first created in 1328 for Roger Mortimer , 3rd Baron Wigmore, lover of Queen of England Isabella of France and the actual ruler of England in 1327–1330. The Mortimers were one of the clans that owned the lands in the Welsh Marks , but until then, during the Counts of Mercia, there was no single ruler in them. In 1330, Roger was executed, and his titles and possessions confiscated, but in 1354 the Parliament revoked the confiscation of the title and he was restored for the grandson of Roger, Roger , 2nd Earl March. In 1356, Roger further increased his possessions. In particular, he received the Ludlow Castle , which became the main fortress of the Mortimers, and later - the administrative center of the entire English administration in Wales. Roger's son, Edmund , 3rd Earl of March, became related with the royal family, marrying the heiress of Lionel Antwerp , Duke of Clarence, thanks to which he also inherited the title of Earl of Ulster, as well as extensive possessions in Ireland, becoming a member of the English royal family. His son Roger Mortimer , 4th Earl of March, was declared heir to the English throne in 1385.

After the death in 1425 of the childless Edmund Mortimer , 5th Earl of March, titles and possessions passed to the Duke Richard of York , the son of Anna Mortimer, sister of the 5th Earl of March. Since 1445, the title of Count March was used as the courtesy title by his heir, Edward . After he became king of England under the name Edward IV in 1461, possessions were incorporated into the crown lands.

In July 1479, the title was again created for the heir to Edward IV, Edward of York . After he was proclaimed king of England under the name Edward V in 1483, the title again disappeared [4] .

The third creation of the title was on June 7, 1619, when the title was recreated for Esme Stuart , the 2nd son of Esme Stuart , 1st Duke of Lennox . After the death of his brother, Esme inherited the title of Duke of Lennox [5] . After the death of Charles Stewart , 4th Earl of March and 3rd Duke of Richmond, who did not leave the heirs in 1672, the title was abolished.

On August 9, 1675, a new creation of the title took place. It was received, among others, by Charles Lennox , 1st Duke of Richmond, the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England. His descendants used the title “Earl March” as a courtesy title for the heirs. In the XIX century, the family changed their name to Gordon — Lennox. The title is currently used. The title holder is now Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox , 10th Duke of Richmond. His heir, Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox , bears the courtesy of "Earl March" and "Earl of Kinara."

Earls March (England), 1st Creation (1328)

  • 1328 - 1330 : Roger Mortimer (April 25, 1287 - November 29, 1330), 3rd Baron Wigmore from 1304, 1st Earl of March from 1328.
  • 1354 - 1360 : Roger Mortimer (November 11, 1328 - February 26, 1360), 4th Baron Mortimer from Wigmore from 1348, 2nd Earl March from 1354, 3rd Baron Geneville from 1356, grandson of the previous
  • 1360 - 1381 : Edmund Mortimer (February 1, 1352 - December 27, 1381), 3rd Earl March, 5th Baron Mortimer from Wigmore and 4th Baron Geneville from 1360, Earl Ulster ( by right of wife ) and Lord Connacht and Claire from 1368, Marshal of England from 1369, governor of Ireland from 1379, son of the previous
  • 1381 - 1398 : Roger Mortimer (April 11, 1374 - July 20, 1398), 4th Earl March, 6th Earl Ulster, 6th Baron Mortimer from Wigmore, 5th Baron Geneville, Lord Connacht and Claire from 1381, son previous
  • 1398 - 1425 : Edmund Mortimer (November 6, 1391 - January 18, 1425), 5th Earl March, 7th Earl Ulster, 7th Baron Mortimer from Wigmore, 6th Baron Geneville, Lord Connacht and Claire from 1398, son previous
  • 1432 - 1460 : Richard of York (September 21, 1411 - December 30, 1460), 3rd Duke of York from 1415, 6th Earl of March, 8th Earl of Ulster, 8th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore from 1425, 2nd Earl Cambridge since 1426, the nephew of the previous
  • 1445 - 1461 : Edward of York (April 28, 1442 - April 10, 1483), 7th Earl of March 1445, 3rd Duke of York, 9th Earl of Ulster, 3rd Earl of Cambridge and 9th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 1460-1461, king of England (as Edward IV) in 1461-1470 and 1471-1483, son of the previous

Earls March (England), 2nd Creation (1479)

  • 1479 - 1483 : Edward of York (November 1/1470 - 1483?), Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall in 1471-1483, 1st Earl of March and 1st Earl of Pembroke in 1479-1483, king of England (as Edward V) in 1483, son of Edward IV

Earls March (England), 3rd Creation (1619)

  • 1619 - 1624 : Esme Stewart (c. 1579 - July 30, 1624), 7th lord Obigny from 1583, 1st Earl of March and 1st Baron Stewart of Leighton Bromsworth from 1619, 3rd Earl and 3rd Duke Lennox since 1624
  • 1624 - 1655 : James Stewart (April 6, 1612 - March 30, 1655), 4th Earl and 4th Duke of Lennox, 2nd Earl of March, 2nd Baron Stewart of Leighton Bromsworth from 1624, 3rd Baron Clifton of Leighton Bromswalt (de jure) from 1637, 1st Duke of Richmond from 1641, son of the previous
  • 1655 - 1660 : Esme Stewart (November 2, 1649 - August 10, 1660), 2nd Duke of Richmond, 5th Earl and 5th Duke of Lennox, 3rd Earl of March, 3rd Baron Stewart of Leighton Bromswalt and 3- th Lord Clifton of Leighton Bromswalt from 1655, son of the previous
  • 1660 - 1672 : Charles Stewart (March 7, 1638/1639 - December 12, 1672), 1st Earl of Lichfield and 1st Baron Stewart of Newbury from 1645, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Earl and 6th Duke of Lennox , 4th Earl of March, 4th Baron Stewart of Leighton Bromswalt and 4th Lord Clifton of Leighton Bromswalt from 1660, 11th Senior Obigny from 1668, grandson of Esme Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox

Earls March (England), 4th Creation (1675)

  • 1673 - 1723 : Charles Lennox (July 29, 1672 - May 27, 1723), 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Obigny, 1st Earl of March, 1st Earl of Darnley, 1st Baron Settrington, 1st Lord Thorbaultton from 1675
  • 1723 - 1750 : Charles Lennox (May 18, 1701 - August 8, 1750), 2nd Duke of Richmond, 2nd Duke of Lennox, 2nd Earl of March, 2nd Earl of Darnley, 2nd Baron Settrington, 2nd Lord Thorboulton since 1723, 2nd Duke of Aubigne since 1734, son of the previous
    • 1730 : Charles Lennox (September 9, 1730 - November 1730), Earl March
  • 1750 - 1806 : Charles Lennox (February 22, 1734/1735 - December 29, 1806), 3rd Duke of Richmond, 3rd Duke of Lennox and 3rd Duke of Obigny, 3rd Earl of March, 3rd Earl of Darnley, 3- 1st Baron Settrington, 3rd Lord Torboulton from 1750, son of the previous
  • 1806 - 1819 : Charles Lennox (December 9, 1764 - August 28, 1819), 4th Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox and 4th Duke of Obigny, 4th Earl of March, 4th Earl of Darnley, 4th Baron Settrington, 4th Lord Thorboulton from 1806, nephew of the previous
  • 1819 - 1860 : Charles Gordon-Lennox (August 3, 1791 - October 21, 1860), 5th Duke of Richmond, 5th Duke of Lennox and 5th Duke of Aubigny, 5th Earl of March, 5th Earl of Darnley, 5- 1st Baron Settrington, 5th Lord Torboulton from 1819, son of the previous
  • 1860 - 1903 : Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox (February 27, 1818 - September 27, 1903), 6th Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox and 6th Duke of Aubigny, 6th Earl of March, 6th Earl of Darnley, 6 Baron Settrington, 6th Lord Torboulton since 1860, 1st Duke of Gordon and 1st Earl of Kinrara since 1876, son of the previous
  • 1903 - 1929 : Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox (December 27, 1845 - January 18, 1928), 7th Duke of Richmond, 7th Duke of Lennox, 7th Duke of Obigny, 2nd Duke of Gordon, 7th Earl of March, 7 Earl of Darnley, 2nd Earl of Kinrara, 7th Baron Settrington, 7th Lord Torboulton since 1903, son of the previous
  • 1929 - 1935 : Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox (December 30, 1870 - May 7, 1935), 8th Duke of Richmond, 8th Duke of Lennox, 8th Duke of Aubigny, 3rd Duke of Gordon, 8th Earl of March, 8 Earl of Darnley, 3rd Earl of Kinrara, 8th Baron Settrington, 8th Lord Torboulton since 1929, son of the previous
  • 1935 - 1989 : Frederick Charles Gordon-Lennox (February 5 - November 2, 1989), 9th Duke of Richmond, 9th Duke of Lennox, 9th Duke of Aubigny, 4th Duke of Gordon, 9th Earl of March, 9- Earl of Darnley, 4th Earl of Kinrara, 9th Baron Settrington, 9th Lord Thorboulton since 1929, son of the previous
  • since 1989 : Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox (born September 19, 1929), 10th Duke of Richmond, 10th Duke of Lennox, 10th Duke of Obigny, 4th Duke of Gordon, 10th Earl of March, 10th Earl Darnley, 4th Earl of Kinrara, 10th Baron Settrington, 10th Lord Torboulton since 1989, son of the previous
    • since 1989 : Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox (born January 8, 1955), Earl March and Kinara since 1989, son of the previous

Notes

  1. ↑ It is possible that the title was used by the ancestors of Patrick starting from Count Gospatrick II , therefore, Patrick IV in several sources was named the 8th Earl of March.
  2. ↑ Ignatiev S.V. Scotland and England in the first half of the 15th century - S. 33.
  3. ↑ Ignatiev S.V. Scotland and England in the first half of the 15th century - S. 123-124.
  4. ↑ Edward V Plantagenet, King of England . thePeerage.com. Date of treatment December 23, 2012. Archived January 25, 2013.
  5. ↑ Esmé Stuart, 3rd Duke of Lennox . thePeerage.com. Date of treatment December 23, 2012. Archived January 25, 2013.

See also

  • Duke Gordon
  • Duke Lennox
  • Duke of Aubigny
  • Duke of Albany
  • Duke of Richmond
  • Граф Вемисс
  • Граф Данбар
  • Граф Кинрара

Literature

  • The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom / GE Cokayne, revised and edited by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs et al. — 2nd edition revised. — 1910—2000.
  • Игнатьев С. В. Шотландия и Англия в первой половине XV в.: высокая политика и региональные амбиции. - SPb. : Алетейя, 2011. — 167 с. — (Pax Britannica). - 1000 copies. — ISBN 978-5-91419-385-7 .
  • Устинов В. Г. Войны Роз. Йорки против Ланкастеров. — М. : Вече, 2012. — 432 с. — (History files). - 2000 copies. — ISBN 978-5-9533-5294-9 .
  • Устинов В. Г. Столетняя война и Войны Роз. — М. : АСТ: Астрель, Хранитель, 2007. — 637 с. — (Историческая библиотека). - 1,500 copies — ISBN 978-5-17-042765-9 .

Links

  • March (англ.) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Дата обращения 22 декабря 2012.
  • Dunbar (англ.) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Дата обращения 22 декабря 2012.
  • March (англ.) . thePeerage.com. Дата обращения 22 декабря 2012. Архивировано 25 января 2013 года.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Граф_Марч&oldid=93730895


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