Neoseiulus californicus (lat.) Is a species of parasitiform ticks of the family Phytoseiidae from the order Mesostigmata . Free-living predatory mites of small sizes (less than 0.5 mm). It is used to control herbivorous pest mites (for example, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and other phytophagous mites) on various crops in temperate and subtropical climates around the world [3] .
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Content
Distribution
Found in North America ( California , Mexico , Texas , Florida ), Central and South America ( Argentina , Brazil , Venezuela , Guatemala , Colombia , Peru , Chile ), South Africa, Japan, as well as in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea ( Spain , Italy , France ) [3] and in Taiwan [4] .
Description
Adult females are approximately 0.1 mm long, oval. Males are slightly smaller than females. Both males and females are translucent or pale orange, peach, pink. Eggs of Neoseiulus californicus have a rounded shape (length about 0.04 mm), whitish in color. Translucent larvae have only six legs. Both stages of the nymph (protonymph and deutonymph) are similar to adult individuals, except that they are smaller and cannot reproduce [3] .
Females can lay up to four eggs per day (on average, two eggs per day). Eggs develop from 1.5 to 4.0 days, depending on temperature. Eggs turn into six-legged larvae that can develop into protonymphs without food. The larval stage can last from 0.5 to 1.0 days. Then they go through two nymphal stages: protonymph and deutonymph. Both of these stages (protonymph and deutonymph) actively feed and develop from 1.0 to 3.0 days. The total development time can be either short or longer (from 4.0 to 12.0 days), depending on the temperature. Neoseiulus californicus develops faster at higher temperatures. Adults live about 20 days [3] .
Found in many crops, including avocados , various citrus fruits , corn , grapes , strawberries, garden and alpine , strawberries , fruit trees, cassava , vegetable and ornamental plants. Prefers temperature from 10 to 33 ° C [3] .
It successfully develops and propagates by eating various species of ticks, including: Tetranychus urticae , Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa), Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), O. perseae Tuttle, O. ilicis (McGregor), Panonychus ulmi (Koch), Phyton Banks), Polyphagotarsonemus (Stenotarsonemus) latus Banks, Phytonemus pallidus L. Many of them are pests of crops. Neoseiulus californicus also eats thrips and other small insects, but its reproduction in this case is very low. N. californicus can even survive for a short period of time by consuming only pollen from plants [3] .
Taxonomy
The species Neoseiulus californicus has a complex taxonomic history. It was first discovered on a lemon in California and described in 1954 as part of the genus Typhlodromus ( Typhlodromus californicus McGregor, 1954 ) [1] . Later, it changed the generic affiliation and was included in the generic taxa Amblyseius , Neoseiulus, or Cydnodromus [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 McGregor, EA (1954). Two new mites in the genus Typhlodromus (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Southern California Academy of Science Bulletin, USA, 53, 89–92.
- ↑ Gilberto Jose de Moraes. Phytoseiidae Species Listing . Biology Catalog . Texas A&M University (2005). Date of treatment August 19, 2010. Archived December 14, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Arachnida: Acari: Phytoseiidae) . Featured Creatures. University of florida
- ↑ de Moraes GJ, McMurtry JA, Denmark HA, Campos CB (2004). A revised catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae. Zootaxa , vol. 434, pp. 1-494. Content and abstract
Literature
- Barber A., Campbell CAM, Crane H., Lilley R., Tregidga E. (2003). Biocontrol of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on dwarf hops by the phytoseiid mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus. Biocontrol Science and Technology 13: 275-284.
- Castagnoli M., Simoni S. (2003). Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari Phytoseiidae): survey of biological and behavioral traits of a versatile predator. Redia 86: 153-164.
- Greco NM, Liljesthrom GG, Sanchez NE (1999). Spatial distribution and coincidence of Neoseiulus californicus and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) on strawberry. Experimental and Applied Acarology 23: 567-580.
Links
- Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Arachnida: Acari: Phytoseiidae) . The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS). Florida A. & M. University. (English) (Retrieved December 21, 2012)