Dolbino (Belgorod Oblast)

Located on 713 kilometers of the Kharkov-Belgorod railway line, 3 kilometers south-west of the Crimea highway (Maysky village).

The founding date of the village of Dolbino is unknown. It is believed that the settlement arose relatively late due to the proximity to the Muravsky Way and the danger of attacks by the Haidamaks and Tatars . In the village, residual memories of their raids were preserved (even the meaning of the word “gaydamak” was forgotten).

Dolbino is regularly mentioned in archival sources from the middle of the 18th century. Initially, on the site of the current village of Dolbino, the village of Vysokoye (c. 1721) arose, the first settlers of which were Belgorod service people who received land for their service and became single- palace residents : the locals still say, "Dolbino is a noble and free society."

According to the Census of 1748 , the village of Dolbina is an estate owned by a Belgorod nobleman , Lt. Col. Danila Vasilyevich Vyrodov . But later, due to a land-territorial dispute provoked by the church between the landowners Vyrodov and Belgorod clergy, the Vyrodovs were forced to cede their Dolbin estate - the new owner was the nobleman Andrei Filippovich Borshchov , who was transferred from service in 1758 from Yaroslavl to Belgorod ^{[ 3]} .

The division of land in the Dolby between the Church and Borshchov

Despite the fact that the Borshchovs also experienced pressure from the church, which owned all the lands from the mouth to the source of the Gostyonka except the Dolba beam, the pillar nobles of Borshchovs, who had much more influence in society, withstood the onslaught. Moreover, under Catherine II, secularization was carried out, and the administration of church estates was transferred to civil officials of the economic college. As a result, the Borshchovs “amicably agreed with the official Verevkin” and increased their holdings at the expense of the land previously belonging to the church with. Steep Log, and parts of the forest on the southern slope of the Ugrim beam. On top of their successful acquisition, the Borshchovs dug up an impressive dividing ditch between the village of Ugrim and s. Dolbino, which has survived to the present day and is known as the “Borshchova Ditch”.

Borshchov occupy the land of odnodvorodov village Dolbino

After resolving disputes with the bishop's estates, Ugrim, in their favor, the Borshchovs began to seize the land plots of Dolba odnodvorodov. On the one hand, they sent their people into “raids” on single-yard lands, on the other, they plagued the single-court with lawsuits. The lawsuit demanded money, and the land rights of the odnodvorti did not have legal documents for the right to own land and were based only on the testimonies of their neighbors. As a result, the Borshchovs seized many of the single-yard plots, and the court’s courtiers were forced to say: “We truly believe that our cause is right,” but were unable to continue the litigation due to lack of funds. The mansions also managed to preserve the areas that they managed to preserve with ditches: for example, the Kokoreva ditch that has been preserved to this day is still part of the landscape of the village of Dolbino.

Statistical Information

According to 1862 , published by the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior , it reads: “ Kursk province . County - Belgorod. Stan - II. - Dolbino, a state owned and owned village. At the pond ; on the right side of the Kursk-Kharkov tract, from Belgorod to Kharkov; the distance from the county center is 15 miles, from the apartment apartment 5 miles. The number of yards is 85, the population is 409 people. male and 394 people female. Orthodox Church - 1 ” ^[4] . Church s. Dolbino in the name of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (stone), built in 1812 at the expense of the landowner Mikhail Borshchov ; in the parish of the church, the inhabitants of three nearby farms: Ugrim, Diamond, New Village, 1350 parishioners, 2 zemstvo schools ^[5] .

The construction of the railway. 1869 year

The Belgorod-Kharkov railway line from Belgorod was built along the Gostyanka channel to the mouth of Krutoy Log and further along the ravine through the beam of the village of Dolbino. The slope of Steep Log was scarped and fortified. Two passages are pierced through the hills surrounding the beam. They were connected by a high “cyclopean” embankment, which cut the village and beam into two parts. The station, built near the village of Vesyolaya Lopan, adjacent to the Dolbin village, received the name "Dolbino Station". Later, the station platform was built in the village. Dolbino, but received the name "Golovino Station" in the village of the same name Golovino; geographical confusion in the names still persists, and to this day serves as a source of misunderstanding.

The name of the parts Dolbino

After the construction of the railway line, a new toponymic name system was formed in the village. The street in Krutoy ravine along the line was called Kutyani. The part of the village cut off by the embankment of the railway is Zagugunka. The part of the village, located opposite Zagugunka, that is, behind the line - in the beam, is called Volnoye. Here lived the palaces. Two streets on the central outlier are called Holopuzovka and Poyoivka. The top of the beam opposite the line with a large valley - the so-called "priestly land", there was a church and allotments of priests. The slope of the beam above Krutoy Log opposite the line - the "master's garden", until the 1990s, the remains of the garden were really preserved here. In Volniy there are a lot of cuttings - these are the former quarters of the same palace.

Building Dolbino

In Dolbino, houses of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries of various incomes have been preserved. From spacious five-walled brick walls with iron roofs and high ceilings to simple huts. Crosses are cut down on the matrices of one of the houses and the date of construction of the house is 1907. However, all this is typical South Russian buildings. Buildings characteristic of odnodvortsy with any military functions are absent. The main feature of the layout of the courtyards - the cellar is often moved outside the courtyard. The entrance to the cellar is located opposite the gate. The layout of the houses is a Russian southwestern type with a stove in the far left corner. The stove is a complex of the simplified Russian stove and coarse, characteristic of the Kursk-Belgorod region. Thus, the residential buildings of Dolbino as a whole are not different from the buildings of the region.

Buildings Borshchovyh

“Red School” - that was the name of the school in the village of Dolbino, built at the expense of the landowners Borshchovs. According to sources, this school, called the “School of the Warrior Adrianovich Borshchov”, was among the best schools in the Belgorod district. The Dolba rural tavern, also built with the Borshchovs ’funds, recognized as an“ exemplary tavern ”, was considered one of the best taverns in the county and province ... The Dolba manor house (a manor house) is a two-story house with a colonnade, the estate has a garden with a stone fence, alleys and fountain ... In 1812, the Borshchovs built a large village church in the name of the Protection of the Holy Virgin. The slope of the beam under the church has the shape of a "circus-shaped valley of the valley", which was planted with a cherry orchard ... At the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Dolbino had an impressive appearance: a powerful embankment of the railway, solid houses of the odnodvorods, picturesque Little Russian huts, on the slopes of the beam the noble estate and the church. After a hundred years, almost nothing of what was left was left. For the period of the XX century, only a small pavilion of the railway station was built - a concrete box, in the architectural style traditional for the 70s of the last century (now it does not function). In the XXI century, an asphalt road, broken in the first summer, and an unfinished water pump, were added.

The Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin was built in Dolbino in 1812 at the expense of the landowner Borshchov. The stone temple was erected on the left ledge of the main (central) hill dominating the area; Dolby old-timers preserved the legend: "Belgorod was visible from the entrance to the temple, and Kharkov from its bell tower." In the parish of the Intercession Church were listed: two farms: Ugrim and Diamond and the village of Novaya; total 1350 people parishioners ^[6] .

During the anti-religious policy of the Soviet government, the church was closed in the 1930s, later the church was used for household needs, and during the war years it was destroyed as a result of shelling , now it is taken into account among the lost churches of the Belgorod region ” ^[7] . The only photograph so far, capturing the view from the ruins of the temple, against the backdrop of a burning village during the offensive of the Red Army in 1943, is a photograph shown on the LiveJournal website ^[8] .

Chronology: 1. October 1941. 2. 1st occupation. 3. March 1943. 4. 2nd occupation. 5. On August 5-6, 1943, the Dolbin heights dominate the district for tens of kilometers, and two of the three roads between Belgorod and Kharkov converge on their slopes. Such an advantageous location was a sentence for Dolbino. Kharkov and Belgorod twice passed from hand to hand. The capture of the Dolbin heights above the Crimean route and the railway as a target was on both levels of the opposing sides at the level of reflex. The defending side used not only the heights, but also the back slopes of the beam and its screwdrivers to concentrate. It was supposed to break the enemy’s resistance in the Dolbino area with a massive artillery strike using rocket-propelled mortars of heavy artillery and attack aircraft. Fortunately, it began to rain heavily, the Germans took advantage of the bad weather and moved away. The old-timers of the village remembered the phrase of one of the Red Army soldiers, who said: "You, the residents of Dolby, were very lucky. It started to rain when the shells were already in the trunks. The beam was supposed to be bombed clean. There would be nothing left of your village ...".

In memory of the Great Patriotic War in the center of the village a monument “Soviet soldier-liberator” was erected, the memorial complex includes the mass grave with the burial of 50 dead in battle against the Nazi invaders during the liberation of the village ^{[9] [10]} .

• Nikolai Yakovlevich Krivonos (1896 - 1962) - A soldier of the Red Army - a participant in the Great Patriotic War , Hero of the Soviet Union (1943).