Leukosialin ( sialoforin , CD43 ) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is encoded in humans by the SPN gene . Leukosialin is one of the main surface glycoproteins of T-lymphocytes and thymocytes, monocytes , granulocytes and certain subpopulations of B-lymphocytes and some other types of cells [1] [2] . This glycoprotein plays a role in the activation of T-lymphocytes in the adaptive immune response , cell adhesion, differentiation and apoptosis .
| Leukosialin | |||||||||||||
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| , CD43, GALGP, GPL115, LSN, sialophorin | |||||||||||||
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Gene and protein structure
The SPN gene contains only one intron , while the region of the gene encoding the protein is entirely within one exon [3] . The gene encodes a protein with a length of 400 amino acid residues , which undergoes intense O- glycosylation after completion of its synthesis on the ribosome . Human leukosialin also contains one N-glycosylation site. It is known that there are two glycoforms of this glycoprotein, while the carbohydrate part of leukosialin accounts for 62–66% of the molecular weight [4] .
Leukosialin contains a small globular cytoplasmic domain , which allows it to interact with intracellular proteins. The extracellular part of the glycoprotein has a linear size of about 45 nm and interacts with lectins and other ligands [4] .
Functions
Leukosialin is synthesized in T-lymphocytes at all stages of their development and performs several functions in these cells. It is a co-receptor of E-selectin and, thus, takes part in the penetration of T-lymphocytes into the focus of inflammation . Leukosialin affects the transmission of signal from the T-cell receptor , but so far it has not yet been established how.
Notes
- ↑ Leukosialin in the OMIM database . Date of treatment December 19, 2012. Archived January 19, 2013.
- ↑ de Laurentiis A., Gaspari M., Palmieri C., Falcone C., Iaccino E., Fiume G., Massa O., Masullo M., Tuccillo FM, Roveda L., Prati U., Fierro O., Cozzolino I., Troncone G., Tassone P., Scala G., Quinto I. Mass spectrometry-based identification of the tumor antigen UN1 as the transmembrane CD43 sialoglycoprotein // Mol Cell Proteomics. - 2011 .-- T. 10 , no. 5 . - S. 111.007898 . - DOI : 10.1074 / mcp.M111.007898 . - PMID 21372249 .
- ↑ Shelley CS, Remold-O'Donnell E., Rosen FS, Whitehead AS Structure of the human sialophorin (CD43) gene. Identification of features atypical of genes encoding integral membrane proteins // Biochem J .. - 1990.- T. 270 , no. 3 . - S. 569-756 . - PMID 2241892 .
- ↑ 1 2 Clark MC, Baum LG T cells modulate glycans on CD43 and CD45 during development and activation, signal regulation, and survival // Ann NY Acad Sci .. - 2012.- T. 1253 . - S. 58-67 . - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1749-6632.2011.06304.x . - PMID 22288421 .