The Smolensk Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium is a secondary women's educational institution of the Russian Empire, Department of Institutions of the Empress Maria . The statute of this institution stated that its purpose was “to inform the schoolgirls of the religious and moral education that should be demanded from every woman, especially from the future spouse and mother of the family.”
Content
History
It was opened on December 6, 1861 as the “Women's School of the First Grade”, which was transformed into a gymnasium in 1870. It was the first female secondary school in Smolensk Province . November 18, 1862 Smolensk School was called Mariinsky.
The school was intended for girls from the age of eight. The school was “three-year with a two-year course”: pupils were trained for six years - for two years in each of the classes. The school was located first in a stone building on Blonnie , which was donated to him.
The school curriculum consisted of "compulsory" and "non-compulsory" subjects. The first were the law of God, Russian (with Church Slavonic) and Russian literature, mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, geometry), geography (general and Russian), history (general and Russian), natural history, physics, mathematical geography, calligraphy and handicraft . For this, parents or guardians paid 10 rubles a year. Non-binding subjects were new foreign languages (French, German), ancient languages (Latin, Greek), pedagogy, drawing, music, dancing, singing and gymnastics. Those who trained them, paid extra 10 rubles each.
Since 1871, the gymnasium consisted of 7 classes. At the gymnasium there was an elementary school, where the gymnasium pupils of the senior classes (the 8th additional) underwent teaching practice. Graduates who have completed general and additional courses of the gymnasium with honors received the title of home tutor, and those who completed 8 classes successfully received the title of home teacher. Girls who graduated only from the first (lower) classes of the gymnasium, upon reaching the age of sixteen and subject to the duties of a teacher's assistant in any elementary school, could receive the title of a teacher of an elementary school.
In 1876, the gymnasium moved to the former building of the male gymnasium, at the corner of Blagoveshchenskaya [1] (now - Bolshaya Sovetskaya) and the small Voznesenskaya street. Twenty years later, FF Shperk, a researcher in public education in the province, wrote that "the building now occupied by the women's gymnasium is inconvenient and requires expansion according to the number of students." By the end of the XIX century, about 500 girls trained twenty-two teachers at the Mariinsky Gymnasium [2] [Comm 1] . As of January 1, 1900, out of 447 grammar-girls, 355 were Orthodox, 28 were members of the Roman Catholic Church, 23 were Lutheran, and 41 were Jewish. The children of the nobility were 55.6%, the children of the clergy - 3.1%, the representatives of the urban estates - 36.6% and the children of the villagers - 4.7%. The tuition fee at that time was 40 rubles in the main classes and 30 rubles in the preparatory class [3] .
A new building for the gymnasium was built nearby in 1905 [Comm 2] .
In the gymnasium there were two councils: the trustee and the pedagogical. The chairman of the board of trustees of the school was A.P. Engelhardt . In 1913, A. Vonlyarlyarsky, P. Lanin, N. Mertens, D. Potemkin, B. Rachinsky, A. Tukhachevsky were members of the Board of Trustees.
The library of the gymnasium in 1891 consisted of 2173 volumes, 1425 titles [4] .
There was a Mariinsky gymnasium until the spring of 1918 [5] . From the autumn of 1918, the 16th and 17th Soviet labor schools of the 1st grade were located here, from 1923 the building was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Western Military District.
Personalities
- Valentina Mikhailovna Buzinova-Dybovskaya - graduated in 1906; one of the first Russian women who have received higher technical education. In 1920 she was incorporated into the State Commission for Electrification of Russia ( GOELRO ) [6] .
- Olga Mikhailovna Buzinova [Comm 3]
- Vera Nikolaevna Glinka - artist; great-niece M. I. Glinka [7]
- Nina Ilyinichna Gitovich is the author of “The Annals of the Life and Works of A.P. Chekhov ” (Moscow, 1956) [8] .
- Anna Nikolaevna Rachinskaya (no. 1893) - the 1st wife of Vadim Nikandrovich Verkhovsky [9] .
From the mid-1880s to the end of the 1890s, Olga Poltoratskaya was the head of the gymnasium [10] .
From 1903 until the closing of the gymnasium, her superior was a graduate of 1874, who had worked there for more than 30 years, Evgenia Maksimovna Mozhayskaya [11] .
Since 1914, the head of the 2nd Smolensk Women's Gymnasium was a graduate of the Mariinsky Theater, Maria Mikhailovna Gedda [12] (in marriage, Romeiko-Gurko), the last owner of the Paradise estate.
In the Mariinsky gymnasium in different years its graduates taught: Alexandra Yakovlevna Batenina, Alexandra Vasilievna Bogoslovskaya, Alexandra Yakovlevna Stepanova, Evgenia Grigorievna Kryzhanovskaya, Elizaveta Stepanovna Ivanova, Alexandra Vasilievna Sokolova, Nina Feliksovna Yukhnevich [13]
- From 1880 to 1898 she served as a classroom lady, completing the course of the St. Petersburg School of Her Imperial Highness, Princess of Oldenburg, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna Drutskaya Sokolinskaya [14] .
- Vozdvizhensky, Grigory Leonidovich - graduated from Moscow University; taught in the gymnasium Russian language and pedagogy.
- Dobrovolsky, Vladimir Nikolaevich - teacher of literature, logic and history (1880–1882) [15]
- Nemytsky, Vladimir Vasilyevich - the father of V. V. Nemytsky ; taught until 1904, mathematics and physics.
- Perchan (Prechan?), Anton Antonovich (1889-1903) - graduated from the University of Vienna ; taught German.
- Sokolov, Nikolai Nikolayevich (07.27.1867, p. Pesochni, Sychevsky uyezd, Smolensk Province - 01/01/1938, Tomsk ) - in 1901 he was appointed the teacher of the 1st Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium; full member of the Smolensk Church and Archaeological Committee; Member of the Smolensk Scientific Archival Commission (from April 3, 1908), its Audit Commission (from April 12, 2009) [16] .
Comments
- ↑ Already in 1884, the Zemstvo Assembly was considering a petition by the Board of Trustees of the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium to open an additional school for girls in Smolensk in order to “to some extent divert the influx of people who want to enroll” into an existing institution. In 1886, a building leased from the headman of the PF Lanin merchant society at the corner of Odigitrievskaya and Bolshaya Blagoveshchenskaya streets (now the corner of Bolshaya Sovetskaya and Lenin) opened the 4th class gymnasium; in 1901-1902 a new three-storey building was added, and from July 1, 1902, this educational institution began to be called the 2nd Smolensk Women's Gymnasium (in 1910 already 700 girls were enrolled in it).
- ↑ Now on this place there is a high, monumental building, built in 1928 for the House of the Red Army (the old building of the Agricultural Institute).
- ↑ After graduating from the Higher Women's Courses (apparently, the Smolensk Women's Polytechnic Courses, opened in 1906) first taught geography at the Smolensk private women's gymnasium of Rovinskaya, then, in the 1920s, she worked at Smolensk State University and the Smolensk Institute of National Education (SINO), where she was also a laboratory assistant in zoology, taught zoology in a demonstration school at SINO and natural science in the faculty of labor.
Notes
- ↑ Photos of Bolshaya Blagoveshchenskaya Street
- ↑ Smolensk. Mariinsky Gymnasium. (inaccessible link)
- ↑ For admission to the gymnasium it was necessary to pass the entrance exams
- ↑ The book label of the Library of the Smolensk Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. (inaccessible link)
- ↑ It was abolished by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the merger of educational and educational institutions of all departments in the Office of the People's Commissariat for Education" dated May 30, 1918.
- ↑ Kalygina V.M. Biographical information
- ↑ Glinka Vera Nikolaevna
- ↑ Nina Gitovich (14.2.1903, Smolensk - 1994, Moscow) is the elder sister of the poet and translator A. I. Gitovich . I began to study at the Mariinsky Gymnasium, the last 7th grade was already graduating from a Soviet school transformed from it - see. Biographical information
- ↑ In memory of V. N. Verkhovsky
- ↑ GASO F. 829. Op. 1 D. 4. The case of the Smolensk Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. L. 14-15.
- ↑ Manuilova I. B. High school students, high school girls and their mentors. From the everyday life of Smolensk at the turn of the XIX — XX centuries. - Smolensk: Magenta. - 2008. - 96 p.
- ↑ Maria Mikhailovna Hedda (1870-1919) - one of the daughters of Senator M. F. Hedda
- ↑ Know and love your land. Bibliographic index.
- ↑ GASO F. 829. Op. 1 D. 4. The case of the Smolensk Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. L. 14-15.
- ↑ Biography of V.N. Dobrovolsky (Inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is November 17, 2018. Archived January 9, 2015.
- ↑ Writers of the Smolensk diocese who suffered during the years of repression
Literature
- Know and love your land. Bibliographic index. - Smolensk, 2011.
- P. Lyubimov. Historical Essay on the Smolensk Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium (1861–1911). - Smolensk: P. Silin Printing House, 1913. - 116 p.
- Samartseva E. Yu. Privileged educational institutions of Smolensk province of the XIX - early XX centuries // Siberian Pedagogical Journal. - Novosibirsk, 2012. - № 2 . - pp . 108-113 . Archived November 11, 2013.
Links
- Smolensk Mariinsky female gymnasium
- The formation of the education system in the Smolensk region in the XIX century. Smolensk Mariinsky Women's High School
- Panny young lady and blue stockings / "Smolensk week", №32 (94)
- Photo album. Mariinsky Women's High School
- Educational institutions of Smolensk on postcards early. XX century. (inaccessible link)