Jersey ( eng. Jersey [ˈdʒɜːrzi] , fr. Jersey [ʒɛʁˈzɛ] , normand . Jèrri ) - an island in the English Channel , as part of the Normandy Island ( Channel Islands ). The largest among the Channel Islands, the area - 116 km ².
Jersey jersey | |||||
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English Bailiwick of jersey fr Bailliage de jersey normand Bailliage dé jèrri | |||||
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Anthem : "Ma Normandie" | |||||
Jersey location (dark green). | |||||
official languages | , and | ||||
Capital | St. Helier | ||||
Form of government | British Crown Tenure Parliamentary democracy A constitutional monarchy | ||||
Monarch | Elizabeth II | ||||
Lieutenant governor | John mccol | ||||
Bailiff | William Beilheche | ||||
Prime Minister | Ian Horst | ||||
Territory | 241st in the world | ||||
• Total | 118.2 [1] km² | ||||
•% water surface | 0 | ||||
Population | |||||
• Evaluation (2017) | 105 500 people ( 203rd ) | ||||
• Density | 819 people / km² ( 13th ) | ||||
GDP ( PPP ) | |||||
• Total (2005) | 5.1 billion dollars ( 166th ) | ||||
• Per capita | $ 57,000 ( 6th ) | ||||
HDI (2008) | 0.985 [2] | ||||
Names of residents | Jersey, Jersey | ||||
Currency | Jersey pound GBP | ||||
Internet domain | |||||
ISO code | |||||
Telephone code | +44 | ||||
Time Zones | GMT , UTC + 01: 00 | ||||
Car traffic |
The population is 105,500 [6] people (estimated in 2017). Jersey - The crown ownership of the British Crown , however, is not part of the UK. He belongs to the Island Normandy - a fragment of the Duchy of Normandy. Protecting Jersey is the responsibility of the UK. In 1973, the UK joined the EU , that is, Island Normandy and Gibraltar are members of the European Union through the membership of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and are the customs territory of the EU, with the exception of Gibraltar [7] . Jersey has its own parliament - the States of Jersey . The composition of the crown ownership of Jersey also includes several small islands.
Content
Etymology
According to EM Pospelov , of all attempts to interpret the etymology of the name of the island, two are most likely: 1) from Old Frisian gers (“grass”) + Scandinavian eu (“island”); 2) on the personal name of Geirr, who belonged to Norman , who conquered the island. See also New Jersey [8] .
History
From 240 to 40 thousand years ago, Jersey, which was then not an island, was inhabited by Neanderthals [9] . Neanderthals mined mammoths alone, and did not drive the herds to the cliff. Many bones have traces of fire [10] .
Little is known about the fate of the island before 930 AD, but some discoveries testify to the presence of Romans and Gauls on the island. In 511, the island of Jersey became part of the Kingdom of the Franks. It was at this time that the first Christian missionaries arrived on the island. But finally Christianity was established by Saint Helier in the 6th century.
The island received its modern name in the 9th — 10th centuries as a result of the stay of the Vikings on the island’s territory. The island of Jersey remained part of Brittany until 933, when, like all the Channel Islands, it became the property of the Norman Crown: the island of Jersey was annexed to the Duchy of Normandy by William Longsward in 933. And still a large percentage of the islanders are French-speaking Normans. The island’s anthem is “Ma Normandie”.
In 1066, the Jersey men took part in the English expedition of the Duke of Normandy, William I of Bastard . Bravely fighting at Hastings , they helped Wilhelm I become William the Conqueror. The further fate of the island of Jersey is closely linked with England. In 1204, when King John the Landless lost the continental part of the Norman duchy, giving it up to Philip II Augustus, King of France, Island Normandy remained in the crown of England.
From 1337 to 1453 during the Hundred Years War between England and France, the island was subjected to numerous attacks. Due to the importance of their strategic location for England, the inhabitants of the island were able to bargain from the king for themselves a number of benefits and privileges. Immediately after the end of the Hundred Years' War in 1455, the War of Scarlet and White Rose began , during which the island of Jersey was occupied by French troops for seven years, and then, at the insistence of Sir Richard Harleston, was returned to British sovereignty.
In the XVI century, Jersey fishermen often walked across the Atlantic to the shores of Newfoundland [11] .
In 1643, a local native, George Carteret, was appointed the royal vice-governor of the island of Jersey, a brave and experienced sailor who faithfully kept loyalty to the Stuart dynasty (inherited power over Island Normandy from the Rollons and Plantagenets ). In 1644, Charles I Stewart granted him a vice-admiral of "Jersey and the maritime adjacent areas." Carteret made the island a refuge for the persecuted royalists and the operational base of the royal fleet. His rule on Jersey was tough, but effective. The revolutionary Parliament denounced Carteret with shame as a pirate and excluded him from the list for future amnesty. In 1646, and then again in 1649–1650, Prince Carl was in Jersey, who knighted Carteret and bestowed upon him the title of baronet . In the 1640s, England was split by the Civil War, enmity spread to Scotland and Ireland and did not spill the island of Jersey. The sympathies of the inhabitants of the island were divided into two camps: one part was on the side of parliament, and supporters of George Carteret supported the king. The parliamentarians eventually captured Jersey in 1651: On December 12, 1651, after seven weeks of a siege, Carteret was forced to surrender Jersey to the forces of the revolutionary Parliament - and then joined the royalist exiles in France. King Charles II decided to award George Carteret with a large plot of land in the English colony in North America as a thank you for the support given to him on the island of Jersey. In 1664, James, Duke of York, agreed that a part of his North American territory between the Hudson and Delaware rivers would be handed over to Sir George Carteret and John, Lord Berkeley, and that in honor of Carteret’s homeland, this area was named “ New Jersey ”.
After the abolition of the Edict of Nantes (October 17, 1685), many French Huguenots left the Fatherland. Jersey and Island Normandy have become a safe haven for a large number of Huguenots. In the years 1739-1740, the governor of Jersey was General Jean Cavalier , a French Huguenot, a former commander-in-chief of the army of the Camizars, and the Duke of Cevennes .
The 18th century was a period of political tension between France and Britain. Due to its geographical location, the island of Jersey was always in a state of martial law. During the War of Independence in America, two attempts were made to conquer the island. In 1779, the prince of the German Duchy of Nassau attempted to land his troops, but the attempt was unsuccessful. In 1781, the army of Baron de Rellecour captured Saint Helier , but was then defeated by British troops. After a brief lull, the Napoleonic wars began, which changed the island of Jersey forever. [ clarify ] .
In the period from July 1, 1940 to May 9, 1945. The island was occupied by Nazi Germany . More than 30 thousand islanders managed to evacuate within the UK. The rest of the Germans from time to time drove to the fortification work. In the period from October 1941 to January 1944. by the hands of prisoners of war (Spaniards, French, Russians, Ukrainians, Moldovans) the construction of the German underground hospital was carried out. Many of them died, unable to withstand inhuman conditions. Few of those who escaped from the camp were rescued by the locals. Some residents of the island - at the cost of their own lives.
May 9 - a public holiday, the Day of Liberation of Jersey.
In honor of the island, the state of New Jersey got its name.
The most famous resident of the island is naturalist and writer Gerald Durrell , founder of the Jersey Zoo and, at its base, an environmental fund .
Geography
Crown ownership of Jersey consists of the following islands, island groups and reefs :
- Jersey
- Le dirui
- Ecreu
- Menkyer
- Pierre-de-Lek
- La motte
- Other small islands and reefs
Jersey Island Administrative Districts
Administratively, Jerley Jersey is divided into 12 wards .
- Grouville (Grouville) - located on the southeast end of the island; is a place of oyster shoals.
- St. Helier is the capital of Jersey, the business and most populous district of the island, its main shopping center.
- St. Brelade (St. Brelade) - covers the southern and western coast of the island.
- St. Ouen is one of the largest and most interesting districts.
- St. Martin (St. Martin) - distinguished by a variety of traditional agricultural architecture.
- St. Mary (St. Mary) - the northern and smallest of all districts of the island of Jersey.
- St. John (St. John) - historic district.
- St. Saviour (St. Savior) - is proud of the burial of the most famous Jersey daughter Emilia Charlotte le Breton, better known as Lilly Langtry .
- St. Clement (St. Clement) - the south-eastern coastal region, has the most bizarre coastal part of the island, which was called the "Moon landscape".
- St. Lawrence (St. Lawrence) - more distant from the sea district, consisting mainly of farms and agricultural land.
- St. Peter (St. Peter)
- Trinity is the birthplace of Jersey's famous Wildlife Conservation Foundation , founded by Gerald Durrell .
Economy
40% of the economy of the island of Jersey accounts for the sector of international financial and legal services [1] . Jersey is the so-called "tax haven" ( offshore ), and therefore attracts a huge number of investors from around the world who want to reduce their tax payments. Other sectors include construction, retail, agriculture, and tourism [1] .
Here the Jersey breed of cows is derived, giving milk with high fat content (up to 7%), and hence the name of the thin knitted fabric [12] .
Sports
National Jersey teams participate as separate nations in Commonwealth Games and Island Games . In 1997, the Seventh Island Games were held in Jersey. Jersey is the birthplace of England's Graham Le So.
See also
- Jersey Round Towers
- Castle Grosne
- New Jersey - US state .
Notes
- 2 1 2 3 Jersey in Figures 2013 booklet . The appeal date is January 1, 2015.
- ↑ Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index Archived October 5, 2011. , United Nations ESCAP, February 2009
- ↑ .je Domain Delegation Data
- ↑ .je TLD Report
- ↑ .JE Domain Names
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ European Communities Act 1972 - British Communities Act 1972
- ↑ Pospelov, 2002 , p. 138.
- ↑ Why did Neanderthals love the caves on the island of Jersey?
- ↑ Neanderthals did not drive the mammoths on a rock on the island of Jersey
- ↑ Ommer, Rosemary E. From Outpost to Outport . - McGill-Queen's University Press , 1991. - P. 13-14. - ISBN 0-7735-0730-2 .
- ↑ Portrait of the Channel Islands, Lemprière, London 1970 ISBN 0-7091-1541-5
Literature
- Pospelov EM. Geographic names of the world. Toponymic dictionary / resp. ed. R.Ageeva. - 2nd ed., Stereotype. - M .: Russian dictionaries, Astrel, AST, 2002. - 512 p. - 3 000 copies - ISBN 5-17-001389-2 .
Links
- Coins of Jersey Island from Queen Victoria to Queen Elizabeth II
- Jersey Island
- About Jersey for Tourists
- The largest treasure in history has been found on Jersey: 750 kilograms of Celtic coins. A photo