The Trinity Cathedral (cathedral council of the Life-Giving Trinity) in Tomsk is the main Orthodox church of the Tomsk diocese from 1900 to 1930. It was located in Novosobornaya Square of Tomsk.
| Orthodox Cathedral | |
| Trinity Cathedral | |
|---|---|
Cathedral on the pre-revolutionary postcard | |
| A country | |
| Location | Tomsk, Novosobornaya Square |
| Denomination | Orthodoxy |
| Diocese | Tomsk |
| Architectural style | Russian-Byzantine style |
| Project author | K.A. Ton |
| Builder | A.P. Deev (1845-1851) V.V. Khabarov (1885-1897) |
| Founder | Bishop Athanasius (Sokolov) |
| Building | 1844 - 1900 years |
| Date of abolition | |
| condition | Demolished in 1934 |
It was built according to the standard project of K.A. Ton from 1844, but on July 26 ( August 7 ), 1850, the unfinished dome collapsed, four people died. The work resumed in 1858 was soon suspended due to cost overruns and “general cooling to the holy cause” [1] , and only in 1885–1889 the city architect V. V. Khabarov completed the construction begun half a century ago. The decoration of the cathedral continued until the summer of 1900. In 1930, the cathedral was closed, in 1934, demolished, in its place is a square in Novosobornaya Square.
Background
In the summer of 1604, the Cossacks, led by Gavrila Pisemsky and Vasily Tyrkov, were founded on Voskresenskaya Hill, near the mouth of the Ushayka River , the fortress is the future city of Tomsk. In 1606 or 1607 a wooden Trinity Church was built in the fortress. Four decades later, the rebuilt church more than once collapsed, and in 1653-1654 a new, also wooden, tent church with a height of 43 m was built in its place. By this time, the urban suburb of Tomsk was already occupied by both banks of Ushayka from Voskresenskaya Mountain to the coast of Tom . In the posad there were parish churches Bogoyavlenskaya (1633), Voskresenskaya (1634), Annunciation (1649) and Holy Spiritual (1650). The renewed Trinity began to be considered the cathedral - the main one in the city, but at the same time it did not have its own parish or profitable land holdings, and therefore it quickly fell into disrepair. In 1720–1721, it was restored, but by the end of the 18th century, the church that existed only for scant “state sums” finally fell into disrepair. Neither the civil authorities nor the often successive priests tried to save her. In 1811, at the direction of the Tobolsk Consistory, the Trinity Church was closed, “until it was corrected, or until it was built by the care of citizens”, and the Epiphany became the new church built in 1790-1804. In 1819-1820, the Trinity Church was dismantled to the ground. Near the place where she stood, the construction of a Catholic church began [2] [3] . According to the city’s general plan drawn up by S. Zverev in 1820–1824 and approved by Nicholas I in 1830 [4] , a birch grove was reserved for the new cathedral near the Yelani barracks, then the distant outskirts of Tomsk [5] .
In 1834, the Synod established the Tomsk diocese , the first Tomsk hierarch Agapit arrived in the city, and the close Epiphany Church, not adapted for mass divine services, became a cathedral. Agapit could not even think about the construction of a full-fledged cathedral: in Tomsk at that time it seemed impossible to do [6] . The diocese was poor, since the Orthodox population of Tomsk, which in the 1830s was no more than eight thousand people, was burdened by the old believers . Most of the Tomsk mobiles " stuck ", and the merchants were divided into secret supporters of the "old" and open "hardened dissenters" [7] . The clergy of the official church who opposed them were few in number, “half-educated, little or completely unsuitable” for missionary service [8] . It took eight years for Agapita and his successor Athanasius to change the mood of the society.
Build Decision
On December 6 ( December 18 ), 1842, Archbishop Athanasius called on citizens to build a new cathedral [9] . On the same day, a group of officials and merchants headed by civil governor S. P. Tatarinov began collecting money privately, and a few days later Tatarinov officially ordered the mayor A.Ye. Filimonov to proceed with a broad subscription. It was Filimonov who proposed to build a cathedral on the project of the cathedral of the Semenovsky regiment K. A. Ton, already implemented in 1837-1842. The cathedral, designed for 2400 worshipers, should have been 20 fathoms (42.6 m) wide and 27 fathoms and 2 arshins (59 m, including the cross) in height. On December 23 ( January 4 ), the citywide assembly issued a “ all- party verdict” in support of the subscription, and by the middle of February 1843, Filimonov was able to collect more than sixteen thousand rubles [10] . In May, the townspeople established a building committee of seven people (two officials, three merchants and two clerics), and only at the end of 1843 the Synod and the Ministry of Railways agreed on the project, especially noting the inadmissibility of deviating from the tone plans [11] .
Tomsk of the 1840s was the capital of Siberian gold producers . In the summer they went to the mines and spent the winter in the city, so in the winter of 1843–44 the financing of the construction site did not seem to be difficult for the organizers. It was more difficult with the selection of builders: there were few specialists in Tomsk, architects and engineers from the European part of Russia refused to go to Siberia [12] . KG Toursky , who had a good reputation in Tomsk and served as an urban architect in 1832–38, had been working in the Urals for several years. The committee was going to invite Tursky again to Tomsk, but an influential gold producer, collegiate adviser I. D. Astashev , blocked this proposal by putting forward his own candidacy , A.P. Deeva . Fifty-seven-year-old Deev, a soldier’s son, expelled from military service, managed to serve in the 1810s as the city architect of Tomsk, built the Resurrection Cathedral in Nerchinsk in the 1820s, and in 1840 set up his own architectural and construction practice. It was he, with the support of Astashev, and became the first builder of the cathedral. In the spring of 1844, Deev signed up for an obligation to perform all work in four years, receiving in return a release from liability to the customer [13] .
Works of 1844-1850
Believing that it was impossible to find the necessary number of workers in Siberia, the committee sent Deev to the European part of Russia to recruit masters. On June 11 ( June 25 ), 1844, Athanasius consecrated the marked area, and the deputy appointed by Deev began to dig ditches for the foundation . Even for this unskilled work in Tomsk did not have enough hands, so Tatarinov mobilized prisoners for earthworks. A year later, at the end of May 1845, the foundation pit was ready for the actual laying of the cathedral [15] . Preparation of materials went at full speed: rubble stone , wood and sand were purchased directly in Tomsk from local contractors, slab stone in Mungatsky volost , and lime in Verkhotomskaya and Pachinskaya volosts of the Kuznetsk district (modern Kemerovo region ) [16] . Iron Astashev ordered at the Demidov plant in Nizhny Tagil . From the Urals to Tyumen, iron was transported by horse-drawn carts, from Tyumen to Tomsk - by sailing ships. The barks left Tyumen in April or May, descended along Tobol and Irtysh to Samarov , and then climbed up the Ob River , reaching Tomsk by autumn [17] . The situation with the supply of bricks was worse. On June 17 and 20, two strong fires occurred in Tomsk, the entire wealthy part of the city burnt out. The rush demand for bricks more than doubled the price increase, and the supplier hired by the committee preferred to sell the bricks to private developers. The situation was saved by the same Astashev: in the summer of 1846, he donated three million bricks for the construction - that is, brick factories built at his own expense, in which masters discharged from Russia worked. In total, according to Deev, about 4.468 million units were required [18] .
In Tomsk, the construction season was limited to three summer months. The laying of stone and brick should start in May and finish in August, so that the one built in the summer could dry out before the winter frost. In winter, only auxiliary carpentry could be performed: scaffolding , spinning, and similar temporary structures. Strict observance of this rule delayed the building for many years, so the organizers chose to lengthen the construction season until late autumn. In the low-rise construction customary for Deev, this violation of technology was considered acceptable [19] [20] .
In 1845-1846, the builders laid the foundations of a rubble stone, bonded with lime, and built a ground floor. Work continued until early October, inclusive, that is, until late autumn. In 1847–48, the internal bearing columns and external walls of the cathedral were built, and again brick laying continued until October [21] . Deev began, but did not manage to finish the laying of the main arches , on which the drum of the main dome was designed. The most difficult and demanding work — the closure of the unfinished arches, the laying of sails , vaults and dome drums crowning them — were made in 1849-1850. A committee that was no longer in need of either money or materials hurried Deev and independently hired masons for construction. In the spring of 1850 it seemed to the construction organizers that by the end of the season they would have time to complete the laying, lay a permanent roof and install external domes already ordered onto the drums [22] .
1850 Catastrophe
In July 1850, the builders began to lay the roof of the main dome. On July 26 ( August 7 ), at nine o'clock in the evening, when the working day had already ended, the unfinished dome collapsed. The dome supporting its drum, the main arches and sails of the central volume of the cathedral collapsed, fragments pierced the vaults over the basements and the sacristy and knocked out a part of the inner wall between the northern porch and the central volume. The drums of the side domes and the arches that supported them between the outer and inner walls remained intact. On the same day, a miraculous survivor was recovered from the wreckage, and three days later the bodies of three dead workers and an official who had come to look at the works were found [23] .
Construction stopped, the investigation began. According to visiting experts who visited Tomsk in April – May 1851, a catastrophe could have at least five reasons: “a multi-temporal arrangement of arches, which were reduced in cold time and left unclosed for winter”; improper device arches, vaults and foundations and poor brick quality [24] . The construction committee challenged the expert opinion on the points, insisting that the foundations had been laid correctly, and all the materials used were of acceptable quality. Deev, without giving any definite reasons, reasoned that the St. Petersburg project was not adapted either to the Siberian climate or to the Siberian materials [25] . The experience of the subsequent decades showed that the foundations, walls and bearing columns of the cathedral were built qualitatively. According to Tomsk ethnographer K. N. Evtropov , who wrote his “History of the Trinity Cathedral” half a century after the catastrophe of 1850, its real reason “was in hasty hastiness: they didn’t give time for the main arches, sails and semi-sails to dry properly in the summer. The laying of the upper parts, the most serious and significant ... was carried out mostly in September and October, which, according to the local climate ... should not be allowed in any case ” [26] .
Siberian unfinished
The examination of 1851 actually condemned the unfinished cathedral to demolition: the state construction commission directly forbade the completion of unfit, in her opinion, walls on an unusable foundation. The organizing committee believed that work could and should be continued, but could not convince officials [27] . Meanwhile, in the economy and social life of Tomsk, events occurred that made the completion impossible. The Siberian gold rush faded away, the efforts of the state were focused on the development of industrial Barnaul [28] . In the summer of 1851, the largest in the Tomsk province gold mining company of F. A. Gorokhov was ruined, and after it enterprises and citizens, who invested money in the Gorokhov pyramid , went bankrupt [29] . The city head Filimonov and the secretary of the city council, Skvortsov, who ran the construction committee, retired, Deev left Tomsk for good [30] . At the end of 1853, the ruinous Crimean War began , and in February 1854 Archbishop Athanasius left the main organizer of the construction. Parfeny, who replaced him until 1859, refused to support the construction committee [31] .
In 1856-1858, the city architect K.N. Eremeev convinced the authorities of the possibility of completing the cathedral. The titular councilor A.V. Kvyatkovsky and the Tomsk merchants D.I. Tetskov , G.I. Eliseev, I.I. Skvortsov were elected to the committee for the completion of the cathedral. Academician Ya. M. Nabalov received a contract for the completion of construction, claiming that the work would cost no more than 48 thousand rubles in excess of 128,485 rubles already spent in 1844-1850 [32] . Nabalov had a good track record (he worked first in Petersburg, Gatchina, Krasnoyarsk) and recommendations of Ton himself [33] but in Tomsk he proved to be an incompetent builder, spent 52 thousand wasted for two years, and at the end of 1860 he was completely ill with mental disorder [34] . Then in Tomsk the bishop again changed, and the provincial administration fully focused on the implementation of the peasant reform [35] . There were no funds to continue the work (according to Nabalov’s estimate, another 68 thousand rubles were needed), and the provincial council decided to stop construction [36] .
The core of the temple stood abandoned for twenty-four years. During this time, five bishops were replaced in the diocese, a local newspaper, a women's college and a university were founded, and the walls of the cathedral were cracked and overgrown with moss and birch trees [37] . In 1880, the City Council decided to disassemble them, to hand over suitable materials for the construction of the university, and to raise money from the sale of scrap to establish a foundation for the construction of a new cathedral. The mayor of Z. M. Tsibulsky who promoted this decision promised to contribute fifty thousand rubles to the fund “with the indispensable condition that the cracked walls of the collapsed building be dismantled to the ground” [38] . The order to restore the cathedral was received by architect M. A. Arnold [39] who arrived at the construction of the University .
In 1881–1882, Archbishop Peter and the new sponsor of the construction, merchant EI Korolev , successfully prevented the implementation of the Duma’s decision, but failed to win approval from the Governor-General . Korolev, tired of bureaucratic delays and not tolerating the intervention of officials in his own plans, refused to finance the completion. Perhaps it was for the better: the royal project implied the construction of wooden domes, not stone, which would disfigure the architect's plan [40] . Suspended also from the construction work at the University M. Arnold left Tomsk.
Completion and decoration
In 1883, the governor, the bishop and the mayor were replaced almost simultaneously in Tomsk. It was the new mayor P. V. Mikhailov , with the support of Bishop Vladimir , who convinced the public and the governor of the need and opportunity to complete the construction of the cathedral and organized a new collection of donations, 150,000 rubles was contributed by the widow of Z.M. Tsibulsky , 61,000 rubles by the merchant Theodot Silich Tolkachev ( donated to the cathedral earlier), 35,000 - merchant Semyon Stepanovich Valgusov, 12,000 - merchant Peter Lavrent'evich Baygulov, 10,000 - Tolkachev Afanasy Fyodotovich, 5,000 - Pushush Fyodor Kharlampievich , 1,000 rubles each contributed to the construction of Yevgraf Nikolayevich and Alexey Evgrafovi h Kukhteriny , Alexey Dorimedontovich Rodyukov (donated also the interior of the cathedral). 2 255 560 pieces of bricks with delivery to the site were donated to the construction by Pyotr Vasilyevich Mikhailov, 5 gilded crosses were donated to the cathedral by Sergey Petrovich Petrov.
In 1884, P. V. Mikhailov, at his own expense, cleared the construction site, repaired the outbuildings on it, and acquired building materials. A state examination conducted in April 1885 showed that walls and columns, with the exception of the upper parts destroyed by rainfall, are quite strong, and cracks on the surfaces of the walls "have no meaning in terms of damage that could have an impact on the strength of the building." The head of the completion was the city architect of Tomsk V.V. Khabarov , who knew the problems of the cathedral in his official duties [42] .
On May 2 ( May 14 ), 1885, Khabarov began the construction of pylons at elevations from 5½ to 7 fathoms (12-15 m). Materials for the workplaces were submitted by two lifting machines - in this way Khabarov reduced not only injuries, but also expenses for manual labor. In the summer of 1886, the works reached 19 sazhen (40.5 m), in the summer of 1887 the main dome with a diameter of 19 arshins (13.5 m) was folded into the “parable and lapping”. The organizers did not entrust this, the most responsible work to the contractors: the dome was built by full-time masons on the salary of the building committee. On June 2 ( June 14 ), 1889, Khabarov handed over the building, completely ready for finishing work , to the customer [43] . In the same period to the east of the cathedral, the present-day Municipal Garden was laid [44] .
In 1890-1891 the work stopped again, this time due to lack of money. Almost all 175 thousand rubles collected from 1883 for the restoration of the cathedral were spent on civil works of the years 1885-1889. The city experienced a severe economic crisis: in 1890, “light” gold unexpectedly ended, and the mining was halved compared to the previous year. Wholesale prices for furs plummeted, and caravans with Chinese tea no longer entered Tomsk. In May 1890 there was a catastrophic flood, according to various estimates, from 50 to 200 people died [45] . Only in January 1893, the committee, having received 150 thousand rubles [46] , bequeathed by F. E. Tsibulskaya, began placing orders for finishing materials. The committee ordered granite steps in Yekaterinburg , bells in Yaroslavl , window frames, an iconostasis with icons and other utensils in Moscow . For the first time in Siberia, water heating “with steam ventilation” was installed in the church, which maintained a constant temperature of + 15 ... + 18 ° С throughout the frost of the temple, from frost to −44 ° C inclusive [47] . After the commissioning in 1896 of the first in Siberia [48] of the Tomsk power station, the cathedral was electrified. Born in 1914, geologist V.N. Basmanov recalled that at Easter 1927 he “... stood in the choirs and saw the great nave of the temple, huge, filled with electric light. People stood in a tight crowd. Hundreds of candles flickered in their hands. I especially remember the priest who performed the service. His clothes and head-dress glittered with multicolored sparks, probably, these precious stones decorated the clothes reflected electric light ... ” [49] .
The decoration and furnishing of the cathedral took seven years, from 1893 to 1900. All the elements of the decoration were made in the cities of the European part of Russia according to customer’s drawings “zaglazno” (without executing the object), transportation to Tomsk by the Ob water system still took almost six months: the railway came to the city only in 1896. Skilled craftsmen, like fifty years ago, had to be hired in Russia. Discontent matured in the city: a snow-white cathedral with blue domes, apparently completely finished, still stood locked. Bishop Macarius took the initiative of the “early” discovery: in early 1900, he announced that the consecration would certainly take place on Thursday , May 25 ( June 7 ). The builders could no longer object to the bishop. With the support of the clergy and the urban public, all the works were promptly completed, and at the appointed time, Macarius solemnly consecrated the cathedral [50] [51] .
For 56 years that have passed since the beginning of the earthworks, the cost of construction amounted to 649,136 rubles (including in 1843–1882 - 173,891 rubles, in 1883–1900 - 475,245 rubles) [14] .
Architecture
Tomsk Cathedral belonged to the so-calledThe “first tone” , or “ Russian-Byzantine ” style of cross-domed churches , developed by KA Ton between 1830 and 1834, and summarized in the first edition of the Atlas of Exemplary Churches, 1839. At the heart of all the projects of this circle, including the largest Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, lies a compact, almost cubic volume in the shape of an equally-pointed cross. The four bearing columns support the arches of the main vault, bearing the octagon , on the octagon there is a cylindrical drum, carrying the main onion dome [52] . The columns do not cut the volume of the temple, but frame it - this is how the “united and undifferentiated, directed upwards to the central dome of light” is formed [53] . Each of the facades is divided vertically into five parts (three on the central projection , two on the left and right of it). Each part is cut by narrow windows, the three central parts (in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, all five) are completed with keel-like “Russian” zakomaras [52] . There is no stand-alone bell tower, the bells are placed in side towers (in the Tomsk cathedral - in two western towers [54] ). It was in the church of the Semenov regiment that this composition first acquired the “ideally correct” character [53] .
The appearance of the Tomsk cathedral differed in details from the appearance of the church of the Semenov regiment. Probably, the distortions appeared at the first stage of construction, before the 1850 catastrophe. The St. Petersburg church rested on a solid base of 1 m in height, but there was no such base in the Tomsk Cathedral. The octagon built by Khabarovs is noticeably lower than that of the St. Petersburg church. Both of these deviations from the tone proportions of Khabarov balanced the device on all five domes of the crowns from kokoshniks , which, in turn, visually reduced the height of the domes. These crowns, as well as the contrasting edges of the bulbous domes, are most likely direct quotations of architectural solutions of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, completed in 1883. The interior of the cathedral was decided in the Byzantine spirit [55] .
It is not known for sure how accurately the working drawings of the Tomsk Cathedral reproduced its prototype. The construction commission of 1843 noted inconsistencies between the drawings submitted for approval by Kai’s surveyor Skorobogatov and the originals of Ton, but these comments only concerned the incorrect reproduction of facade details and small domes [56] [57] . It is likely that Skorobogatov’s drawings were already replaced by lithographs from Ton’s drawings [56] . In the 1880s, when Khabarov rebuilt the arches and domes of the cathedral, the “Russian-Byzantine style” of the Nicholas era was a distant past for architects: Alexander II planted the “real” Byzantine style in church construction, Alexander III - “Russian style” [58 ] , however, there was no question of “adapting” the appearance of the Tomsk Cathedral to modern tastes. Deev and Khabarov each reworked the original in their own way, giving the Tomsk cathedral "features of aesthetic originality", but retained the basis of the tone plan [59] .
Church Life
In 1900-1918, the cathedral, by virtue of its ecclesiastical status and location, was at the center of the social life of the city.
The choir was organized by the prominent Tomsk composer and conductor A.V. Anokhin, the tenor A. Khlopkov (future professor of medicine) sang in the choir, sisters A. and E. Kosmina, soprano B. Yadryshnikov, donated money to the choir I. I. Gadalov .
In 1905, a crowd of Black Hundreds defeated and burned down the building of the railway administration located on Novo-Sobornaya Square (now built into the building of TUSUR ) and the closely located Korolyovskiy Theater .
In 1910, PM Stolypin, Prime Minister, visited the cathedral [60] . On July 23 ( August 5 ), 1914, after the liturgy , the first anti-German demonstration took place in the cathedral in the city [61] . On November 14, 1918, the Siberian Church Conference opened in the cathedral - a congress of 39 delegates from the dioceses of the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia, which were ruled by Kolchak . The meeting itself was held in the assembly hall of the Tomsk Women's Diocesan School [62] .
Immediately after the February Revolution, Novo-Sobornaya Square, which became the site of rallies and demonstrations, was renamed Freedom Square [63] . При Советской власти митинговая традиция продолжилась, вдоль улицы Ленина, по которой проходили парады, выстроили трибуны, а непосредственно к северу от собора, в черте церковной ограды — стадион «Динамо», зимой превращавшийся в общественный каток. Стадион просуществовал до начала 1960-х годов, трибуны снесли в 1992 году [44] .
В 1921 году началась кампания по изъятию церковных ценностей. Настоятелю собора Иакову и члену приходского совета Д. Н. Беликову пришлось подчиниться насилию [64] . Сам же собор продолжал действовать, в 1923—1927 годах в нём был организован великолепный, по словам Н. Н. Берестова, хор певчих. В. Н. Басманов, мачеха которого пела в этом хоре, так описал облик собора весной 1927 года: «Снежно-белый собор с большим синим центральным куполом и четырьмя меньшими куполами на башнях по углам был очень красив. Его окружала овальная кирпичная ограда с металлической узорной решеткой по верху. Вдоль ограды росла жёлтая акация » [49] .
Вокруг собора шли политические игры, столкновения тихоновцев с обновленцами и столкновения между группировками обновленцев [65] [66] . В 1923 году прихожане отказались пускать в собор недавно назначенного епископом Беликова, склонявшегося к обновленчеству. Беликов временно разорвал отношения с обновленцами, но затем вновь примирился с ними, примкнул к григорианству , а в 1927 году и вовсе объявил Томскую епархию автокефальной , отказав в поддержке патриаршему местоблюстителю Сергию [67] .
Разрушение
8 января 1930 года воинствующие безбожники сбросили с колокольни собора большой колокол [66] . В том же 1930 году решением окружного исполкома собор окончательно закрыли, церковного старосту расстреляли, диакона сослали [66] . Существуют сведения, что вначале в здании, якобы находившемся «в неудовлетворительном состоянии и требующем капитального ремонта», планировали разместить краеведческий музей [64] . Затем началась кампания за ликвидацию собора, и двадцать тысяч человек подписались под требованием о сносе [68] . Слом собора начался только в январе 1934 года и продвигался медленно: большой купол и башни были сломаны только в конце июня, верхние арки — в конце августа [66] . Свидетель происходившего Н. Н. Берестов отметил в дневнике, что при этом было «много смертельных случаев» [66] . К 10 ноября 1934 года от собора осталась «груда камней, покрытых снегом» [66] . Возникла поговорка: «Каждый томич утащит кирпич» [68] . Город выручил от разборки собора шестьдесят тонн металла и около миллиона кирпичей — из них сложены корпуса нынешнего архитектурно-строительного университета [68] . От собора до наших дней сохранились только скрытые от глаз подземные фундаменты да деревья, посаженные в конце XIX века [65] .
Проекты восстановления
В 1991 году во время визита в Томск патриарха Алексия в сквере, на месте, где стоял собор, установили памятный камень. В 2004 году архиепископ Ростислав освятил место будущего строительства часовни в память об утраченном соборе. По опубликованному тогда проекту, часовня высотой 30 метров должна была точно воспроизводить фрагмент (одну из боковых глав) собора [69] . Мэр Томска А. С. Макаров утверждал, что на строительство реплики собора средств нет, а место для часовни выбрано так, чтобы она «в дальнейшем не помешала восстановлению собора на первоначальном месте». По Макарову, 90 % бюджета на часовню должно было быть освоено уже в 2004 году [70] . В основание будущей постройки забили сваи [69] , но саму часовню строить так и не начали. В конце 2008 года в мэрии обсуждали уже другой проект, высотой 26 м [71] . Владыка Ростислав прокомментировал произошедшее так: «Шло время, кругом возводились храмы, а эта часовня всё не строилась. Несколько лет назад нашелся богатый благотворитель, который выделил средства на строительство часовни, и снова было освящено место, чуть в стороне, был изготовлен проект. Была в основание часовни заложена капсула, о том, что такой-то строитель будет эту часовню строить. Прошло несколько лет, но часовни у нас по-прежнему нет» [72] .
Время от времени выдвигаются проекты восстановления собора или часовни на его месте [73] [74] [75]
По одной из версий, бытующей среди томичей, мэра Макарова, а вслед за ним и мэра Николайчука сняли вскоре после того, как они начинали заниматься восстановлением собора. На вопрос одного из православных журналистов, почему так и не могут начать восстановление собора, на который получено уже благословение от двух патриархов, в Томской епархии ответили: Потому что в нашей мэрии нет ни одного православного.
Notes
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 290, цитирует журнал заседаний комитета по строительству собора за 1860 год.
- ↑ Фёдоров Ю. Томские храмы. Троицкая церковь // Сибирская старина. — 1996. — № 11 (16) . — С. 7—8 .
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 1—3.
- ↑ Туманик А. Г. Профессиональные архитекторы России XIX в. и их основной вклад в градостроительное развитие крупнейших городов Сибири // Сибирский плавильный котёл: социально-демографические процессы в Северной Азии XVI - начала XX века / Отв. ed. Д. Я. Резун. — Сибирский Хронограф, 2004. — ISBN 5875501847 . Архивная копия от 2 января 2013 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 58—59.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 4—6.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 20—21, 43—44.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 21.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 18, 28.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 35—38.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 39—42, 409.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 47—50.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 51—57.
- ↑ 1 2 Евтропов, 1904 , с. 409.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 61—68.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 69—71.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 83—84.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 86—87, 90—94. По «допожарным» ценам в 15 рублей за тысячу кирпичей дар Асташёва оценивается в 45 тысяч рублей, по «послепожарным» — около 100 тысяч..
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 132—133.
- ↑ Петербуржский собор Семёновского полка по проекту Тона был заложен в сентябре 1837 года и завершён строительством за два года, к концу 1839 года — Собор Введения во храм пресвятой Богородицы лейб-гвардии Семёновского полка . Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg. Дата обращения 19 января 2013.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 99, 102.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 110-112.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 112—113.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 129.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 131.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 132.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 132—139, 187.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 257—258.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 188—189.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 219.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 245, 255.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 161, 193—197.
- ↑ Залесов В. Г. Архитекторы Томска (XIX — начало XX века). Набалов Яков Михайлович
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 266—267, 286.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 286—290: в губернии не было помещичьих хозяйств, на «кабинетских землях» проживали тысячи несвободных государственных крестьян , приписанных к казённым рудникам и заводам. По указу от 8 марта 1861 года они также должны были быть освобождены..
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 284, 289—290.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 316, 325—332, 359.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 340, цитирует речь Цибульского по протоколу городской думы за 14 (28) октября 1880 года..
- ↑ Залесов В. Г. Архитекторы Томска (XIX — начало XX века). Арнольд Максимилиан Юрьевич
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 342, 347—349.
- ↑ Туманик, 2004 , илл. 3
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 349—350, 359—360, 373—375.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 375—381.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Майданюк Э. К. История Ново-Соборной площади // Томск Magazine. — Томск, 2004. — № 5 . — С. 26—29 .
- ↑ Костин В. М. Томск в 1890 году, или Два метеора // Начало века. - 2010. - № 1 . — С. 189—192 .
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 390—404, излагает долгую историю завещания Цибульской. Она умерла ещё в 1885 году, но из-за правовых споров вокруг наследства комитет не мог распоряжаться завещанным до февраля 1892 года..
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 375—381, 387, 389. В оригинале температуры выражены в градусах Реомюра ..
- ↑ Григорьев Ф. Первая лампочка // Коммерсант-Наука. — 2011. — № 2(2), 06.06.2011 .
- ↑ 1 2 Басманов В. Н. Детство в Томске // Сибирская старина. — 1994. — № 8 . - p . 32-34 .
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 385—386, 405—407.
- ↑ Подробное описание торжества: Евтропов К. Н. Освящение Троицкого кафедрального собора в гор. Томске в 25-й день мая 1900 года // Константин Николаевич Евтропов: историко-краеведческий сборник / сост. : В. М. Костин, А. В. Яковенко ; ed. С. С. Быкова. — Томск: Том. обл. универсал. scientific б-ка им. А. С. Пушкина, ист.-краеведч. отдел, 2010. — С. 138—146. - 159 s.
- ↑ 1 2 Туманик, 2004 , с. 153—157.
- ↑ 1 2 Борисова Е. А. Русская архитектура второй половины XIX века. — М. : Наука, 1979. — 320 с. , глава «Начало поисков национального стиля в 1830—1850-х годах»
- ↑ Туманик, 2004 , с. 99
- ↑ Туманик, 2004 , с. 154—155.
- ↑ 1 2 Туманик, 2004 , с. 154.
- ↑ Евтропов, 1904 , с. 42.
- ↑ Подробно о роли двух царей и их администраций в развитии архитектуры см. Савельев Ю. Р. Искусство историзма и государственный заказ. — М. : Совпадение. - 400 s. — ISBN 9785903060603 .
- ↑ Туманик, 2004 , с. 155-156.
- ↑ Комарова О. Ю. Путешествие премьера // ТМ-Экспресс. — 1992. — № 10 (29.05.1992) .
- ↑ Гахов В. О чём писали томские газеты восемьдесят лет назад // Томский вестник. — 1994. — № 146 (815, 04.08.1994) .
- ↑ Скворцов Г. В. Высшее временное церковное управление Сибири // Православная энциклопедия . — Церковно-научный центр «Православная Энциклопедия», 2005. — Т. 10. — С. 85—86. - 752 s. — ISBN 5895720161 .
- ↑ Гахов В. Бархатная революция в Томске // Красное знамя. — 2002. — № 14.03.2002 .
- ↑ 1 2 Маслова И. Е. Мой Томск. Терпкость прошедших столетий // Молодой ленинец. — 1989. — № 8 (13—19.02.1989) .
- ↑ 1 2 Архиепископ Ростислав (Девятов). К. Н. Евтропов и его труд «История Троицкого кафедрального собора в Томске» // Константин Николаевич Евтропов: историко-краеведческий сборник / сост. : В. М. Костин, А. В. Яковенко ; ed. С. С. Быкова. — Томск: Том. обл. универсал. scientific б-ка им. А. С. Пушкина, ист.-краеведч. отдел, 2010. — С. 7—15. - 159 s.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Барабанщикова Н. М., Яковенко А. В. Эпилог: на полях книги. Маргиналии Н. Н. Берестова на экземпляре «Истории Троицкого кафедрального собора в Томске» К. Н. Евтропова: 1922-1934 // Константин Николаевич Евтропов: историко-краеведческий сборник / сост. : В. М. Костин, А. В. Яковенко ; ed. С. С. Быкова. — Томск: Том. обл. универсал. scientific б-ка им. А. С. Пушкина, ист.-краеведч. отдел, 2010. — С. 77—94. - 159 s.
- ↑ Ковырзин К. В. Димитрий (Беликов Дмитрий Никанорович) // Православная Энциклопедия . — Церковно-научный центр «Православная Энциклопедия», 2007. — Т. 15. — С. 70—73. - 752 s. — ISBN 9785895720264 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Цылёва О. (сценарий). Троицкий кафедральный собор . Студия «Воскресение», Томск. (2005). Проверено 20 января 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Мелентьев А. Томску — 400 лет // Журнал Московской патриархии. — 2005. — № 6 .
- ↑ Колпакова И. Основная реконструкция площади Новособорной будет проведена в этом году // Красное Знамя. — 2004. — № 25.08.2004 .
- ↑ Протокол № 17 заседания градостроительного совета при администрации г. Томска от 27 ноября 2008 . Администрация г. Томска (2008). Дата обращения 21 января 2012. Архивировано 5 февраля 2013 года.
- ↑ Архиепископ Ростислав (Девятов). Владыка Ростислав: «Господь желает, чтобы сердца наши загорелись пламенем веры и любви по отношению к Нему» // Официальный сайт Томской епархии. - 2008.
- ↑ Часовня как зачин Троицкого собора
- ↑ Часовня на Новособорной: за и против
- ↑ Часовня на Новособорной: аргументы сторон
Sources
- Евтропов К. Н. История Троицкого кафедрального собора в Томске . — Томск: Типография епархиального братства, 1904. — XXIII, 423 с. Переиздание: Евтропов К. Н. История Троицкого кафедрального собора в Томске. — Томск: Д-Принт, 2008. — 476 с. — ISBN 978-5-902514-35-0 . . Книга цитируется по факсимильной электронной копии первого издания.
- Туманик А. Г. Архитектура православных кафедральных храмов Сибири второй половины XIX века . — М. : НИИТАГ, 2004. — 198 с.
Literature
- Беликов Д. Н. Старинный Свято-Троицкий собор в г. Томске . — Томск, 1900.
- Trinity Cathedral // Tomsk from A to Z: A brief encyclopedia of the city. / Ed. Dr. East. Sciences N. M. Dmitrienko . - 1st ed. - Tomsk: Publishing house NTL, 2004. - p. 379-380. - 440 s. - 3 000 copies - ISBN 5-89503-211-7 .