Choban (circa 1262 - November 1327 ) - an influential emir of the state of the Hulaguids , who ruled him along with his sons until the age of majority of Ilkhan Abu Said (1316-1327). He held the post of emir of ulus (1307-1327). The founder of the Chobanid dynasty.
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Content
- 1 Origin
- 2 Elevation
- 3 fall
- 4 Sources and literature
- 5 Links
Origin
He came from the Suldus tribe. His grandfather Tudaun (Tudan) took part in the Hulagu campaign against the Golden Horde in 1262, and then was appointed governor of Diyarbakir and Diyar Rabi'a. He died at the Battle of Elbistan (1277). There is no information about Father Choban, except that he participated in a campaign against Baghdad (1258).
Elevation
Choban was part of a group of emirs who, after the death of Argun Khan in 1291, supported the candidacy of Gaihat . In 1295, in a power struggle between Ilkhan Baidu and challenger Gazan , Choban sided with the latter. The death of the senior emir Kutlug Shah in the Gilan campaign ( 1307 ) gave Choban the opportunity to take the post of emir of the ulus ( Amir ulus , or Amir al-Umar ). In September 1307, he married the daughter of Ilkhan Alzheyt , with whom he was engaged to as early as 1305. The heir to Aljait, the young Abu Sa'id , on the recommendation left by his father before his death (1316), retained the post of ulus emir for Choban. After the death of the enemy, Emir Sevinj in January 1318, Choban concentrated his supreme power in his hands, becoming the holder of al-tamga (red seal).
Choban, dissatisfied with the actions of his military leaders against the troops of the Golden Horde Uzbek Khan (1319) who invaded the Derbent region, after the enemies retreated, subjected the emir Kurumishi to punishment with sticks . In response, he rebelled in Georgia , killing several officials of the ulus emir. Supported by Kerait Irincin (Irenjin), whom Choban had removed from his post as ruler of Diyarbakir , Kurumishi moved to Soltaniye . On June 20, in a fierce battle on the Zanjan-ore river near Miana, rioters were defeated by an army led by Ilkhan himself. Kurumishi and Irinchin and their associates were captured and brutally executed in Soltania.
September 6, 1319 Choban married the sister of Abu Sa'id Sati-bey , and soon the state was actually divided between members of the emir’s family. The sons of Choban became governors of the provinces: Timurtash (Demir-Tash) - Anatolia ( Ruma ); Mahmud - of Georgia; Hassan, after the death of Amir Hussein in 1322, - Khorasan; Talish, the son of Hassan, is Kerman and Fars . Dimishk-Khoja ruled in Azerbaijan and both Iraq , and also served as a vizier. The situation of the family was not shaken even by an attempt to defer to the central government of Timurtash ( 1322 ), which began to mint a coin and announce the Hutbut with its name. He declared himself a Mahdi ( messiah ) and called on the Mamluks to begin a campaign with him to conquer Iran. Choban himself opposed his son, who was taken to the court, but only in order to receive the pardon of Ilkhan and restoration of his rights.
Fall
Although at first there were no outward signs of a changed attitude towards him from the side of Ilkhan, Choban, who was in Khorasan , moved west, preparing to defend power by force. He stopped with his army southeast of Ray , at the bottom of the road from the camp of Ilkhan, who came forward to meet him. At night, most of the emirs with thirty thousand troops passed to Abu Sa'id, and Choban could only flee. From Sava, he sent his wife Sati-bey back to her brother, and he himself took refuge with Giyas ad-Din Kurt , the ruler of Herat . Abu Sa'id promised to give Kurt the wife of Choban Kordochin, and he executed the emir. The cut off finger of Choban was delivered to the Khan’s headquarters in Karabakh in December 1327 and put on public display at the bazaar. Having learned of the death of his father, Timurtash fled from Kayseri through Karaman to the lands subject to the Mamluk sultan , who offered him refuge. The fugitive was initially received with great honor in Cairo , but then was taken into custody and executed on August 22, 1328.
Sources and Literature
- Abu Bakr al-Qutbi al-Ahari. Tarih-e Sheikh Uweis / Per. M. D. Kyazimova and V.Z. Pirieva. - Baku: Elm, 1984.
- The history of Iran from ancient times to the end of the XVIII century . - L .: Publishing house of Leningrad University, 1958. - S. 206-208. - 390 s. - 2250 copies.
- Fasih al-Khawafi. Fasikhov vault / Transl. D. Yu. Yusupova. - Tashkent: Fan, 1980.
- The Cambridge history of Iran . - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968 .-- T. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. - P. 406-413. - 762 p. - ISBN 521 06936 X.