"Red" is a state farm near Simferopol ( Mirnoye village), on the territory of which the German occupation authorities, with the assistance of collaborators from the local population, organized the largest death camp in Crimea . Before his liberation by the Red Army in 1944, about 15 thousand people were tortured in the camp [1] - partisans, underground workers, members of their families.
The commandant was SS-oberscharführer Shpekman, security was handled by the unit of the 152nd battalion of the schutzmannsafa of the Auxiliary Police Order (or otherwise called “ Schuma ”) - formed from Crimean Tatar collaborators [2] .
Content
History
Orphanage and state farm
The state farm was established in 1921. A number of sources try to establish his connection with the NKVD [3] [4] . However, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Oleg Romanko, points out that these are nothing more than “fakes” that appeared only in 2012, when the issue of the crimes of “Noise” and the construction of a monument to the victims of Nazism was raised. The lie about the "labor camp" of the NKVD was composed in an attempt to create a combined monument to "Stalinism and Nazism." Romanko notes that in 1920-1930 there was a Crimean Tatar orphanage “Pastak” in this place, which, shortly before the war, was turned into a state farm, which is also confirmed by German sources. [2]
Death camp
During the Great Patriotic War , after the occupation of Crimea, it was decided to build a concentration camp on the site of the state farm.
The camp on the territory of the state farm was built in 1942 and consisted of wooden barracks, 60 people each. The territory was fenced with barbed wire in two rows. According to the conclusion of the commission of inquiry, mass extermination of prisoners was carried out in the camp by torture, execution, gas poisoning in specially equipped vehicles (" gas chambers "), burning at bonfires, and dropping several thousand people into the well alive [5] [6] .
After the war
Between 1953 and 1958, Krasny again became a state farm.
Excavations were carried out in the concentration camp in the 1970s . The remains of the victims were recovered from underground and reburied in a mass grave. At the site of mass executions, a memorial stele and other commemorative signs were erected.
On November 28, 2012, deputies of the Supreme Council of Crimea adopted a decree on declaring the former concentration camp a historical monument of local importance, “Red Camp”.
Memorial
After the transition of Crimea to the Russian Federation on May 8, 2015, 70 years after the end of World War II, a memorial was opened to prisoners of the Krasny concentration camp dedicated to all victims of the Nazis and their accomplices in Crimea:
- 71 921 people were killed by them in Crimea
- 85,447 people were deported to Germany and many died there at work
In memory of the victims of Nazism and collaboration, an eternal flame is lit. [7]
The memorial complex consists of a memorial to the mass grave and a public garden on the site of the burning. Mass grave is located in the center of the memorial site. There is also an obelisk and three signs on the wells of death. The general landscape idea of the Memory Square is the central square, covered with gray granite chips, as a symbol of scorched earth. In the center of the square is a sculpture of a man with his hands tied behind his back. The chapel is located away from the alley. It has a strict chopped form under the style of signs on the wells of death and the obelisk [8] .
Notes
- ↑ Vladimir Konstantinov: A memorial complex should be created on the site of the concentration camp at the Krasny state farm . Supreme Council of Crimea.
- ↑ 1 2 The “Red” concentration camp is the Nazi death factory near Simferopol . www.c-inform.info. Date of treatment May 23, 2016.
- ↑ History does not deceive ... (inaccessible link) . Central City Library A.S. Pushkin. Date of treatment April 23, 2015. Archived November 22, 2015.
- ↑ Bloody secrets of the farm "Red" . Millie Firka . Date of treatment April 23, 2015.
- ↑ O.V. Romanko. Crimea during the German occupation. National relations, collaboration and guerrilla movement. 1941-1944
- ↑ Vladimir Konstantinov: A memorial complex should be created on the site of the concentration camp at the Krasny state farm // official website of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea of November 26, 2012
- ↑ A memorial complex solemnly opened near Simferopol at the site of a concentration camp in the former Krasny state farm . www.c-inform.info. Date of treatment May 23, 2016.
- ↑ The project of the memorial complex under construction dedicated to the victims of the fascist concentration camp on the territory of the Krasny state farm in Simferopol region (May 2, 2015).
Links
- The film about the death camp at the farm "Red" of Simferopol district during the war
- The story of the camp of Vladimir Gurkovich, a senior researcher at the scientific center of historical and regional studies and the arch of monuments of Ukraine in the ARC
- Album Concentration camp at the state farm "Red"