The Alexandrian verse is a French twelvefold verse with caesura after the sixth syllable, with obligatory stresses on the sixth and twelfth syllable and with the obligatory adjacent arrangement alternately of two male or two female rhymes . He (presumably) got his name from the Roman d'Alexandre ( 1180 ), which was written in just such a twelve-complex verse. It was first encountered at the end of the 11th century (“The Travel of Charlemagne to Jerusalem and Constantinople”). It was especially common during the French classical tragedy ( Cornell , Racine ). Rhythmically, the Alexandrian verse is characterized by the fact that it splits into two hemistichs of six syllables in each. In each hemistich there are usually two stresses - one constant (at the end - “accent fixé”); various combinations of these stresses, giving 36 figures, and create the rhythmic movement of the Alexandrian verse. Initially, the Alexandrian verse was a purely syllabic verse, but as a result of a long evolution it acquired a distinct tonic structure . In French romantics ( V. Hugo and others), the Alexandrian verse is characterized by sharp violations of Caesura, which moves to the right and accordingly changes the location of stresses.
Content
Russian Alexandrian verse
Russian Alexandrian verse is called a six-foot iambic with obligatory caesura after the third foot and with a rhyme that is similar to French Alexandrian verse. For example:
- Nobody on the brilliant May holiday
- Between the luxurious chariots flying
- None of the youths are freer and bolder
- Does not rule a horse at his whim.
- Between the luxurious chariots flying
For the first time, the Alexandrian verse appears in Trediakovsky’s (“A Way to Combine Russian Poems”) and is widely used by the authors of the 18th century , mainly in tragedies ( Sumarokov , Knyazhnin , etc.). In Pushkin, the Alexandrian verse is represented mainly by satyrs and imitations of the ancients; in the “ House in Kolomna ” ( 1830 ) Pushkin ridicules this size, but despite this, he wrote philosophical poems of the “Kamennoostrovsky cycle” of 1836 (“From Pindemonti”, “Secular Power”, “Commander”, “In vain I running to the heights of Zion ”). In the poetry of the XX century, the Alexandrian verse is rare, mainly as a stylization.
Italian Alexandrian Verse
Italian Alexandrian verse was created by Pierre Jacopo Martello (1665-1727). Named after the creator of Martellian [1], it is a fourteen- complex poem rhyming in pairs. The verse did not take root in the tragedies, but was later used in Italian comedies. For its heaviness, the Martellian verse was ridiculed in the comedy “ Love for Three Oranges ” by Carlo Gozzi [2] .
See also
- The Alexandrian Verse (1853) by Peter Vyazemsky.
Notes
- ↑ Shilin V., Alexandrian verse // Dictionary of literary terms
- ↑ Khlodovsky R.I. Martello // Brief Literary Encyclopedia. - M: Owls Encycl., 1962-1978. - T. 4.
Literature
- Polivanov L., Russian Alexandrian verse (see his translation of "Hofolia" by Rasin, M., 1892)
- Van Bemmel E., Traité général de versific. française, P., 1879
- Bochette A., L'Alexandrin chez Vict. Hugo, P., 1911.
Sources and links
The article uses the text from the Literary Encyclopedia of 1929-1939 , which passed into the public domain , since it was published anonymously and the name of the author did not become known until January 1, 1992.
- Alexandrian verses // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.