- This name is Korean ; “Pak” is a surname , not a personal name ; the personal name of this person is “Kyn Khe (Kinhe)”. Koreans have no middle name or middle name.
Park Geun-hye ( cor. 박근혜 ? , 朴 槿 惠? , February 2, 1952 , Daegu , South Korea ) - Korean statesman, politician .
Pak Geun Hye | |||||||
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cor. 朴 槿 惠 | |||||||
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Head of the government | Jong Honwon , Lee Wang , Hwang Gyo An | ||||||
Predecessor | Lee Myung-bak | ||||||
Successor | Hwang Geo An (Acting) Moon Zhe Ying | ||||||
Birth | |||||||
Father | |||||||
Mother | |||||||
Spouse | not | ||||||
Children | not | ||||||
The consignment | Free Korea (excluded) | ||||||
Education | |||||||
Profession | politician | ||||||
Religion | absent ( atheist ) [1] | ||||||
Autograph | |||||||
Awards | |||||||
Site | president.go.kr/presiden ... | ||||||
Pak Geun Hye | |
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Hangul | 박근혜 |
Hancha | 槿 惠 |
McCune - Reichauer | Pak Kŭnhye |
New romanization | Bak geunhye |
President of the Republic of Korea (2013–2017). Daughter of Pak Chon Hee , President of South Korea in 1963-1979. The leader of the Senuri party in 2004–2006 and 2011–2012. Elected President of the Republic of Korea in the 2012 elections [4] , took office on February 25, 2013. Presidential powers were suspended as a result of a vote on the impeachment procedure held on December 9, 2016 in the South Korean Parliament . On March 10, 2017, the Constitutional Court of South Korea unanimously approved the impeachment, after which the powers of the President were terminated. March 30, 2017 was arrested on charges of bribery, abuse of power, as well as the transfer of secret information to people who were not civil servants [5] . On April 6, 2018, she was sentenced by the court of first instance to 24 years in prison and fined 18 billion won.
Biography
Childhood and adolescence
She was born on February 2, 1952 in Daegu , was the first child from the marriage of the future President Pak Chon Hee (1917–1979) and Yuk Young Su (1925–1974). Later, her son, Pak Chi Man, and daughter, were born in the family of Pak Chon Hee. Pak Seo Yong. Park Geun-hye graduated from high school in Seoul in 1970, after which she received a bachelor's degree in electronics engineering from Sogan University in Seoul in 1974. Subsequently, Park Geun-hye received an honoris causa degree from Taiwan’s University of Chinese Culture in 1987, Korea’s leading KAIST Institute of Science and Technology in 2008, and Sogan University in 2010.
After the attempt on Pak Jong Hee on August 15, 1974 , during which the president himself was not injured, but was mortally wounded and his wife Yuk Yong Soo, the widowed Pak Jong Hee, no longer entered into marriage, and the country’s unofficially “first lady” Passed to his eldest daughter Pak Kyn Hye. This lasted until October 26, 1979, when Pak Chon Hee was assassinated by Kim Jae Kyu , director of the National Intelligence Agency [6] .
In 1981, Park Geun-hye studied at a Presbyterian college and theological seminary, where she studied Christianity for one semester, [7] and then devoted herself to a political career. She was not married, no children.
Political career
In 1998, during the by-election to the National Assembly (Parliament) of South Korea, Park Geun-hye was elected as a member of parliament from the Great Country Party (PBC) in one of the Daegu constituencies. After that, in the period up to 2008, Park Geun-hye was elected to parliament three times in this constituency. She was last elected to parliament in 2008, her deputy’s term expired in April 2012, after which she announced that she would no longer run for parliament.
In 2004-2006 she headed the Party of a great country. During this period, representatives of the PVS won more than 40 elections of various levels, which many political scientists associate exclusively with the merits of Park Geun-hye, who received the unofficial title "Election Queen" [8] [9] .
In 2007, Park planned to put forward her candidacy for the presidency of the country, but in the inner-party elections she was defeated by Lee Myung-bak , who later won the presidential election.
In 2011, due to the drop in the popularity rating of the party, the party formed the Emergency Committee and changed its name to Senuri , which means “Party of New Horizons”. On December 19, 2011, Park Geun-hye was appointed chairman of the Emergency Committee, the de facto party leader. After that, in the 2012 parliamentary elections, Senuri won a convincing victory [10] , which contributed to the nomination of Park Geun-hye as a candidate in the 2012 presidential election.
2012 Presidential Campaign
In the 2012 parliamentary elections, Park Geun-hye led the party of Senuri to a convincing victory: the party won a majority in parliament (152 seats out of 300) [10] . This contributed to the consolidation of the positions of Park Geun-hye within the party as a potential candidate for the presidential election [11] .
The election of the presidential candidate from the Senuri party took place on August 20, 2012. Park Geun-hye defeated her rivals by a considerable margin, receiving 83.97% of the vote (86,589 out of 103,118) and was elected as a presidential candidate from the party [12] .
In the December 19 elections, Park Geun-hye gained 51.55% of the vote and became the first woman president in South Korean history. [13]
In October 2016, Park Geun-hye spoke in favor of amending the country's constitution to extend the term of office of the head of state. Now in South Korea only one five-year term is allowed.
Political scandal of 2016
In October 2016, it became clear that throughout the reign, President Park Geun-hye was influenced by close friends, who in many cases dictated important political decisions to her and had access to secret documents. In Korea, it has long been rumored that the president ignores the opinion of members of the administration and experts, consulting with some little-known people.
Among them is a girlfriend of her youth - Choi Sung Sil , with whom they have been friends since the 1970s. Her father, Choi Tae Ming, was married six times (she is the daughter of a fifth wife), changed names seven times, engaged in a rather suspicious religious business, founded his own Yongsegyo church professing a mixture of Christianity and traditional Korean shamanism . Park Geun-hye is still closely related to this sect from his youth, which explains his willingness to obey her friend in everything. Apparently, it was under the influence of Choi that the decision was made to close the industrial region of Kaesong and completely stop economic cooperation with the DPRK [14] . Two funds of Choi Sung Sil actively received donations from large firms - formally for the development of sports and the promotion of Korean mass culture abroad, and in fact the money went into the pocket of the leadership. When the media became interested in the scandalous situation, the abandoned wearable computer of the Choi Sung Syl secretariat was found, which contained numerous confidential documents that Park Geun-hye handed to her friend for review and editing, as well as the list of strange personalities who were in the presidential circle, including the shamans, fortune tellers , sectarians and gigolo [15] .
On the streets of Seoul and other cities, thousands of meetings began to take place demanding the resignation of the president. After that, Park Geun-hye made a statement, admitting the violations and apologizing to the nation, and Choi Sung-Syl was arrested. The president’s rating dropped from 33% to 5%, which was the lowest in South Korea’s history. A discussion of impeachment began in parliament [16] [17] .
Impeachment
On November 29, 2016, Park Geun-hye appealed to the South Korean parliament to dismiss her from the presidency, but the opposition criticized the appeal, calling it an attempt to avoid impeachment [18] .
To terminate the office of Park Geun-hye, 200 out of 300 members of parliament should vote for impeachment. The opposition and independent deputies who oppose Pak Geun-hye have 172 votes with the ability to get the missing votes if they are joined by disgruntled representatives of the ruling party [19] . Without impeachment, the prosecutor’s office of South Korea would not have been able to file a charge against Park Geun-hye because of her legal immunity [20] .
On December 9, 2016, the Parliament of the Republic of Korea voted to impeach the president. 234 deputies voted for the removal of Park Geun-hye, 56 against, 2 more abstained. 7 ballots are invalid. On March 10, 2017 , the Constitutional Court of South Korea approved the impeachment by a unanimous decision of eight judges, with the result that the powers of the president were terminated [21] .
Criminal case
Arrest
On March 30, 2017, by the decision of the Seoul Park, Park Geun-hye was arrested by the police. The reason for the arrest was criminal charges against her during the impeachment procedure (corruption, abuse of power, illegal pressure on business and divulging state secrets of South Korea), which were given in connection with the loss of political immunity Pak [22] .
Charges
On April 17, 2017, the prosecutor’s office filed charges of Park Geun-hye in bribery, and Lotte Group’s chief executive, Xing Dong Bin , was with her, who later received a prison sentence of 30 months. [23] Park Geun-hye, on the advice of her friend Choi Sung Sil (who was arrested earlier), wanted to receive a bribe from Lotte Group 7 billion won ($ 6 million).
On May 23, at the first court hearing, Park Geun-Hye rejected all 14 charges against her [24] .
On June 28, the Ministry of State Security and the Central Prosecutor's Office of the DPRK in a joint statement stated that North Korea had issued the death sentence in absentia to ex-President of the Republic of Korea Park Geun-hye and head of South Korean intelligence Lee Bin-ho for preparing for the assassination of DPRK leader Kim Jong-un [25] .
On February 27, 2018, the Seoul District Central Prosecutor’s Office demanded that Park Geun-hye be sentenced to 30 years ’imprisonment and a fine of 118 billion 500 million won ($ 105.7 million) on charges of bribery, abuse of office and extortion. [26] [27]
Court
On April 6, 2018, the Seoul Central District Court sentenced Park Geun-hye to 24 years in prison and a fine of US $ 16.8 million (charges: corruption and abuse of power when he was president) [28] .
On July 20, 2018, the court found her guilty of embezzling public funds and interfering in the 2016 parliamentary elections , thereby sentencing him to another eight years in prison. The total prison term Pak became 32 years [29] .
In August 2018, the Seoul Court of Appeal changed the sentence. As a result, Park Geun-hye was sentenced to 25 years in prison and fined $ 17.8 million [30] .
Publications
Books
- 은 나를 단련 시키고 희망 은 나를 움직인다. - Wisdom House, July 2007. - ISBN 89-6086-033-6 .
- 나의 어머니 육영수 ( Rus. My mother Yuk Yong Soo ): [] . - People & People, January 2001. - ISBN 89-85541-54-4 .
- 한 줌, 결국 한 점: [] . - Busan Ilbo Books, October 1998. - ISBN 89-87236-25-0 .
- 을 벗 삼아 진실 을 등대 삼아: [] . - Busan Ilbo Books, October 1998. - ISBN 89-87236-24-2 .
- 마음 의 여정: [] . - Hansol Media, May 1995. - ISBN 89-85656-50-3 .
- 가정 에 태어 났 더라면: [] . - Nam Song, November 1993. - ISBN 2001044000207.
Articles
- A New Kind of Korea: Building Trust Between Seoul and Pyongyang (September / October 2011). The appeal date is December 4, 2015.
Notes
- ↑ [새누리 후보 확정] [프로필] 박근혜 새누리 당 대선 후보
- ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1748764/Park-Geun-Hye
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ The first woman to become President of South Korea is RBC . The appeal date is November 24, 2016.
- ↑ In South Korea, arrested former President Park Geun-hye
- ↑ 8 · 15 대통령 저격 사건 . The appeal date is November 24, 2016.
- ↑ 박근혜 前 대표 의 종교 는? - 노컷 뉴스 . www.nocutnews.co.kr. The appeal date is November 24, 2016.
- ↑ Kim Nam-kwon (김남권) . 박근혜, 野 시절 `40 대 0 신화 '. 이번엔? (cor.) , Yonhap News (4 October 2011). The appeal date is May 16, 2012.
- ↑ Kim Min-ja (김민자) . '선거 의 여왕' 박근혜, 총선 에서 뒷심 발휘 할까? (cor.) NewsIs (March 29, 2012). The appeal date is May 16, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Ramstad, Evan Odds & Ends A Day After The Election . The Wall Street Journal Asia (12 April 2012). The appeal date is April 30, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ 대선 양자 구도, 박근혜 처음 으로 안철수 앞서 (corr.) . Realmeter (April 16, 2012). The appeal date is April 30, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- Ge Park Geun-hye Elected Saenuri Party's Presidential Candidate , KBS Global (August 20, 2012). Archived January 11, 2013. .
- Б “Closer to the evening of December 19, after counting 80% of the ballots, the Central Election Commission of South Korea announced that Pak had secured a victory with more than 51% of the votes.” Https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2012/12/ 20_a_4898869.shtml
- ↑ Choe Sang-Hun. A Presidential Friendship Has Many South Koreans Crying Foul (Eng.) . New York Times (27 October 2016). The appeal date is November 30, 2016.
- ↑ Privy Counselors. The fortune-tellers, sectarians and gigolo helped the president of Korea choose the political course // Tape. Ru , 1 Nov 2016
- ↑ Park Geun-hye has become the most unpopular president in the history of Korea . Russian newspaper. The appeal date is November 24, 2016.
- ↑ b - Shaman at the highest level, "Kommersant"
- Korea South Korea’s president’s office . ' The Guardian ' (November 29, 2016). The appeal date is November 29, 2016.
- ↑ Parliament of South Korea has appointed the date of voting on the impeachment of the president // RT
- ↑ The Prosecutor's Office of South Korea announced the possible involvement of the president to corruption // RT
- ↑ Constitutional Court of South Korea approved the impeachment of Park Geun-hye , Gazeta.Ru . The appeal date is March 10, 2017.
- ↑ In South Korea, detained former President Park Geun-hye
- ↑ Andrey Zlobin. Friendship and bribe. Ex-president of South Korea sentenced to 24 years in prison . Forbes (April 06, 2018).
- ↑ South Korean ex-head Park Geun-hye rejected all charges in court
- ↑ DPRK issued a death sentence in absentia to the ex-president of South Korea
- ↑ 송진원 · 강애란. 검찰, '국정 농단' 박근혜 에 징역 30 년 구형 ... "헌정사 에 오점 Undeclared . 연합 뉴스. The date of circulation is February 27, 2018.
- ↑ 김현섭 · 김지현. 박근혜, 1 심 징역 30 년 구형 ... 검찰 "국정 농단, 공분" . 뉴시스. The appeal date is February 27, 2018.
- ↑ South Korean ex-president Park Geun-hye was sentenced to 24 years in prison (rus.) , Interfax.ru (April 6, 2018). The appeal date is April 6, 2018.
- ↑ Court added eight years to ex-South Korean prison sentence
- ↑ 김승연 . (LEAD) Appeals court by 1 year to 25 years (English) , Yonhap News Agency (24 August 2018). The appeal date is August 24, 2018.
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Park Geun-hye
- Park Geunhye addresses "US-Korea Relations in a Changing World" Stanford University , May 6, 2009;
- Park Geunhye's speech at the JFK Jr. Forum , Harvard University, February 12, 2007;
- Star Rises for Daughter of South Korea , The Washington Post , March 15, 2005.