Mokey Romanovich Cherkasov (circa 1670-1731) - a Russian shipbuilder from the time of Peter the Great , a galley master who built more than 100 galleys , champamps and prams for the fleet of Peter I , the first of the Russian shipbuilders to master the construction of galleys of the French type, a participant in the Gangut battle .
| Cherkasov Mokey Romanovich | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | OK. 1670 |
| Place of Birth | Olonets County , Olonets Province |
| Date of death | 1731 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |
| A country | |
| Occupation | Shipbuilding |
Biography
Mokey Cherkasov was born in the Ladoga village of the Olonets district around 1670. Since 1703 he worked as a “note-taking” carpenter at the Olonets Shipyard , where, under the guidance of the galley master Yuri Rusinov, he participated in the construction of the “sovereign” galley, which was personally laid by Tsar Peter I [1] .
In December 1706, Cherkasov, a galley student, independently laid his first galley at the Olonets Shipyard, which he built in 1707 [2] . Peter I, paying attention to a skillful and quick-witted carpenter, ordered that Mokey Cherkasov be apprenticed to galley master Nikolai Mutsin, who built ships in the Galley Court of St. Petersburg . Under the leadership of N. Mutsin, Cherkasov worked until 1713 [1] . In 1713, Yuri Rusinov was transferred from the Olonets shipyard to St. Petersburg to the Galley Yard, who took Mokey Cherkasov as his assistant. In May of that year, Cherkasov was sent to Novgorod and Starorussky counties for logging for the construction of new scampaways [3] .
In July 1714, by the decision of the Admiralty College, Cherkasov was promoted to the apprentice of the scampaway business and, at the head of a team of eight carpenters, was sent to the squadron of Admiral General F.M. Apraksin to repair galleys and scampavas preparing for a naval battle with the ships of the Swedes during the period Great Northern War . For two months, the passage of the Apraksin Galley Squadron by skerry channels to the Tvermine raid off the Ganges-Udd ( Hanko ) Peninsula continued. During the campaign, Cherkasov’s repair team repaired the squadron’s vessels damaged during landing aground or from a collision [1] [4] .
For the surprise of the attack, Peter I decided to go around the Swedish squadron of Gustav Watrang . He decided to transfer part of his galleys to the area north of Gangut through the isthmus of this peninsula 2.5 kilometers long . To carry out this plan, he ordered the construction of a “rewind” (wooden flooring). Peter and Cherkasov developed the structure of the draggers in detail, and the Cherkasov team in a short time equipped not only a wooden floor for dragging the scampavas, but also devices for pulling them out of the water and launching them on the other side of the isthmus [1] .
- "Mokey Cherkasov, the first carpenter,
- Wizard ship
- All night with blueprints
- Over how fast, tight
- Shoot down the drag from pine arrows . ”
- From the poem by Dmitry Maslov, “The Battle of Gangut” [5]
Cherkasov as part of the Galley Squadron participated in the Gangut battle with the Swedes on July 25-27, 1714, which marked the beginning of Russia's victories at sea. Mokey Cherkasov and all the carpenters of his repair team were awarded after the battle by Peter I [1] .
At the end of 1714, Cherkasov was sent to the Kazan Admiralty for the construction of 15 scampavas, intended as a gift for the allied Denmark at that time. In December 1714, he simultaneously laid down four shnava of a special construction: Astrakhan, St. Catherine, St. Alexander, and one without a name, which were launched in 1716 and became part of the Caspian flotilla [6] . In September 1716, Cherkasov was sent to Copenhagen to manage the assembly and equipment of 11 scampaways, which were transported there from Kazan in unassembled form [3] . After the assembly of the scampaway was completed, the galley apprentice Mokey Cherkasov, together with the ship foreman Peter Vybe, were sent to Rostock for repair and construction of galleys [4] .
Returning to his homeland, Cherkasov, until 1719, built galleys and scampavae in St. Petersburg in the Galley Yard, and then was seconded to the French galley master Claudius Niulon in order to learn how to build these ships “in the French manner”. Cherkasov quickly mastered the methods of the French master and soon he himself built five "newly-minted" galleys. On December 9, 1721, for work diligent to the galley business, he was increased the monthly salary to 8 rubles [3] .
February 22, 1724 Cherkasov was sent to Bryansk , where he built 10 flat-bottomed galleys and 5 prams for the Dnieper flotilla according to the design of Fedosey Sklyaev [1] . He was promoted to galley master and appointed to head the Kiev shipyard , where the capable apprentice Andrei Alatchaninov , who later became also a famous galley master, helped him build ships [1] [7] .
Since 1728, Cherkasov was in charge of all materials and supplies at the Galerny Yard in St. Petersburg, and at the same time continued to build new rowing vessels. in 1728 he built five 20-can galleys. In 1730, he began construction of two galleys, but fell ill with consumption and died on February 3, 1731 . He was buried at the Okhta cemetery in St. Petersburg [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bykhovsky, 1982 , p. 75-76.
- ↑ Bogatyrev I.V., Vakharlovsky G.A., Dotsenko I.V., Krotov P.A., Satskiy A.G. History of Russian shipbuilding. In 5 volumes. - SPb. : Shipbuilding, 1994. - T. 1. - S. 119. - 472 p. - ISBN 5-7355-0479-7 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Veselago F.F. General Marine List. - SPb. : Printing house of V. Demakov, 1885. - T. 1. - S. 410. - 445 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Dotsenko, 1995 , p. 432.
- ↑ Maslov D. The Battle of Gangut. Poem . Website "Proza.ru". Date of treatment March 16, 2015.
- ↑ Shnyava of a special construction . Site "Sailboats". Date of treatment March 16, 2015.
- ↑ Panov E. Ships of Kazan // Time and Money: Newspaper. - July 23, 2010. Archived on October 31, 2012.
Literature
- Bykhovsky I.A. Petrovsky shipbuilders . - L .: Shipbuilding, 1982. - S. 75-76. - 100 s. - 100,000 copies.
- Dotsenko V.D. Cherkasov Mokey Romanovich // Marine Biographical Dictionary. - SPb. : Logos, 1995 .-- S. 432. - 496 p. - ISBN 5-87288-095-2 .