Blk , or tyrosine protein kinase Blk ( English B l ymphoid tyrosine k inase ) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the Src family , which plays a role in intracellular signal transduction and B-lymphocyte differentiation [1] . In humans, this tyrosine kinase is encoded by the BLK gene.
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| , MODY11, BLK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase | |||||||||||||
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Gene cloning and structure
The murine homologue of the Blk tyrosine kinase was discovered in 1990, and it was demonstrated that this enzyme is synthesized in B-lymphoid cells [2] . Genetic mapping has shown that the murine Blk gene is located on chromosome 14 [3] .
The human BLK gene was cloned in 1995 by several groups at once [4] [5] . It was found that it encodes a kinase of the Src family with a length of 505 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of about 58 kDa . The position of this gene was also determined: the short arm of the 8th chromosome (8p22-23). The gene contains 13 exons and has a size of about 70 thousand base pairs [6] .
Distribution and intracellular localization
Blk mRNA was detected in B cells at all stages of their development, in thymocytes and fetal liver [4] . In addition, Blk is present in a small subpopulation of mature T cells bearing γδ T-cell receptors [7] . Blk (protein) is also detected in lymphatic organs, islets of Langerhans , salivary gland ducts, hair follicles and Leydig cells [8] .
When activated, Blk moves to the lipid rafts of the cell membrane [9] .
Functions
Mutations in the BLK gene can cause adult-type diabetes in young people [8] .
Blk is necessary for the development of γδ T-cells producing interleukin 17 [7] . In addition, Blk is present in lymphoid progenitors and regulates the number of early progenitors in the thymus and their proliferative potential positively.
Notes
- Bl Blk tyrosine kinase in the UniProt database . The date of circulation is December 4, 2012. Archived January 17, 2013.
- ↑ Dymecki SM, Niederhuber JE, Desiderio SV Specific expression of a tyrosine kinase gene, blk, in B lymphoid cells // Science. - 1990. - T. 247 , no. 4940 . - pp . 332–336 . - PMID 2404338 .
- ↑ Kozak CA, Dymecki SM, Niederhuber JE, Desiderio SV Genetic mapping of the genre for a novel tyrosine kinase, Blk, for mouse chromosome 14 // Genomics. - 1991. - V. 9 , no. 4 - p . 762-764 . - PMID 2037301 .
- 2 1 2 Islam KB, Rabbani H., Larsson C., Sanders R., Smith CI Molecular cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a human lymphoid tyrosine kinase related to murine Blk // J Immunol. - 1995. - V. 154 , no. 3 - p . 1265-1722 . - PMID 7822795 .
- ↑ Drebin JA, Hartzell SW, Griffin C., Campbell MJ, Niederhuber JE Molecular cloning and chromosomal B-lymphocyte specific protein tyrosine kinase (blk) // Oncogene. - 1995. - Vol. 10 , no. 3 - p . 477-486 . - PMID 7845672 .
- ↑ Appel S., Filter M., Reis A., Hennies HC, Bergheim A., Ogilvie E., Arndt S., Simmons A., Lovett M., Hide W., Ramsay M., Reichwald K., Zimmermann W ., Rosenthal A. Physical and transcriptional map for the keratolytic winter erythema (KWE) on chromosome 8p22-p23 between D8S550 and D8S1759 // Eur J Hum Genet .. - 2002. - Vol. 10 , no. 1 . - pp . 17-25 . - PMID 11896452 .
- 2 1 2 Laird RM , Laky K. , SM. H-ies SM -I-17-producing γ. T cells. (Eng.) // Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950). - 2010. - Vol. 185, no. 11 - P. 6518-6527. - DOI : 10.4049 / jimmunol.1002766 . - PMID 20974990 .
- ↑ 1 2 Borowiec M., Liew CW, Thompson R., Boonyasrisawat W., Hu J., Mlynarski WM, El Khattabi I., Kim SH, Marselli L., Rich SS, Krolewski AS, Bonner-Weir S., Sharma A., Sale, M., Mychaleckyj, JC, Kulkarni, RN, Doria, A. Mutations at the BLK linking it to the protagonists of the United States of America .. - 2009. - T. 106 , no. 34 - p . 14460–14465 . - PMID 19667185 .
- ↑ Lang ML, Chen YW, Shen L., Gao H., Lang GA, Wade TK, Wade WF IgA Fc receptor (FcalphaR) cross-linking recruits tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide kinases and serine / threonine kinases to glycolipid rafts // Biochem J .. - 2002. - V. 364 , no. Pt 2 . - p . 517-525 . - PMID 12023895 .