Priyma, Fedor Yakovlevich

Born in the family of the Cossack of the Kuban Cossack army . He studied at the stanitsa parish , then the Soviet school. Since 1927 - a student of the Krasnodar Pedagogical Technical School, in 1929 entered the socio-literary department of the Krasnodar Pedagogical Institute , from which he graduated in 1932. After four years of work as a teacher of Russian language and literature in 1936 he entered the graduate school of the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute. A.I. Herzen . In 1938-1939, he was arrested under the denunciation of the NKVD and was under investigation "for participating in a conspiracy against K. Ye. Voroshilov ." In the absence of evidence, the case was discontinued, F. Ya. Priyma was reinstated. In June 1941 he defended his thesis " Leo Tolstoy in the French literature of the XIX century."

In early July 1941 he volunteered for the front . He served as a private soldier, then a sergeant in artillery reconnaissance of 405 railway artillery division of the 101st (later 1st Guards) Marine Artillery Brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. A participant in the breakthrough and removal of the blockade of Leningrad , the Vyborg offensive operation , the liberation of the Baltic states and East Prussia .

Demobilized in November 1945, returned to Leningrad. From 1945 to 1990 - employee of the Institute of Russian Literature of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IRLI) . In 1946-1951 he worked in the State Public Library. M.Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chief Librarian, Department of Manuscripts. In 1947 he was awarded the title of senior researcher .

In 1961 he defended his doctoral thesis " Shevchenko and Russian literature of the XIX century." In the Pushkin House he worked in the Department of New Russian Literature, in 1978-1986 he headed this department. From 1965 to 1978 he was the deputy director of the Institute of the Russian literature, and in 1975-1977 he served as director. Member of the editorial board of the journal "Russian Literature " (1958-1988) and one of the active participants in this publication. Editor-in-chief of the “ Library of the Poet ” series from 1971 to 1984, VN Orlova replaced this post. In the memoirs of M. G. Altshuller , it is stated that the collection “Russian poets about the war of 1812” prepared by him together with Yu. M. Lotman did not come out in this series because of the anti-Semitism of F. Ya. Priyma ^[3] .

First wife - sociologist Natalia Solomonovna Ginzburg, sister of Eugenia Ginzburg ; no children from first marriage. Vasily Aksyonov , the son of E.S. Ginzburg, said that while studying at the Leningrad Medical Institute, he spent a lot of time in the aunt's family, and Priyma constantly helped him financially ^[4] .

The second wife - Priyma (Pokusaeva), Natalia Evgrafovna, daughter of literary critic Evgraf Ivanovich Pokusaeva , senior editor of the publishing house “Children's Literature” , was awarded the medal “For Labor Valor”.

• Son Nicholas (born 1964) - cardiologist, candidate of medical sciences.
• Son Ivan (born 1965) - literary scholar, candidate of philological sciences, member of the Writers' Union of Russia , chairman of the Society of Russian-Serbian Friendship; daughter-in-law - linguist, candidate of philology Dragan Drakulich-Priyma ^[5] .

Nephew - Konstantin Ivanovich Priyma (1912-1991) - literary critic, doctor of philological sciences, one of the leading scholkhovedov.

The main areas of research: Old Russian literature ^{[6] [7]} , Russian literature of the XIX century, the relationship of Russian and foreign literature.

Among the sought-for autograph autographs is a poem by A. S. Pushkin, “I saw you, I read them,” a letter from N. A. Nekrasov to M. Avdeev, a handwritten copy of an unknown poem by Nekrasov, “The Young Generation to His Zoil,” etc.

He made a great contribution to the publication of the PSS by VG Belinsky in 13 tons, speaking as a textologist and commentator, editor and reference reviewer of volumes, author of introductory articles. He headed the Nekrasov group of the Institute of Russian Literature, was the initiator and head of the publication of the academic PSS Nekrasov in 15 tons, formally remaining deputy chief editor. He took an active part in the preparation of the PSS editions by Fyodor M. Dostoevsky and I. S. Turgenev , the 4-volume "History of Russian Literature", the serial works - TODRL , "Nekrasovsky Collection", etc.

F. Ya. Priyma was the editor and author of introductory articles in the editions of A. D. Kantemir , I. A. Krylov , A. N. Maikov’s works, and the author of chapters in the academic “History of Russian Poetry” (L., 1968-1969).

Colleagues-philologists recall Priimu as an "excellent polemist" ^{[8] [9]} . Encyclopedic literature included his “controversy of the 1970s about Belinsky 's views on the people and the peasantry (Belinsky’s“ High Road ”and the Crossroads of His Researchers (1974); New Patches on the Old Concept (1975); Steep Turns and New Miscalculations (1976)) . In extensive articles published in the journal "Russian Literature", Priyma challenged the theses of B. F. Egorov , and then speaking in his support for N. Gaia and M. Polyakov . Egorov tried to attribute to the late Belinsky disappointment in the Russian peasantry, the rejection of their belief in the Russian people and their ability to influence their future. Objecting to literary critics from the CPSU, Priyma argued that "Belinsky’s views on the people and, in particular, the Russian peasantry had evolved in a diametrically opposite direction." “According to Belinsky, the“ new literary school ”should have given the peasant one of the first places,” Priyma emphasized, “the late Belinsky sees the root and core of love for Russia in love for the“ simple Russian man ”, for the“ peasant and peasant ” " ^[10] . In 2004, BF Egorov made a kind of “answer”: in his memoirs he was skeptical about the scientific work of Priyma, referred to factual errors noted by IG Yampolsky and S. A. Reiser , pointed out the distortion and juggling of facts for the concept ^[11] . However, Yegorov agreed that Priyma also had “decent articles” about Russian-Slavic ties and “The Word about Igor's Regiment ”.

On the other hand, the participants of the conference in memory of F. Ya. Priyma ^[12] , who summarized his scientific activities, gave her a high rating, noting “... responsiveness and readiness to help novice literary critics, phenomenal diligence and inexhaustible enthusiasm, courage in posing the most difficult questions, polemical talent , finally, personal charm ”F. Ya. Priymy ^[13] .

Dr. V. V. Timofeyeva, Doctor of Philology, is a colleague of F. Ya. Priyma, who has worked in Pushkin House for more than forty years (in 1967-1987, was the editor-in-chief of Russian Literature), she recalled: “ Fedor Yakovlevich Priyma is one of many well-known scientists of the older generation of Pushkin House; not only the major works in which he was directly involved, but, in fact, the whole life of the scientific team, characteristic of Leningrad literary criticism, a special style of scientific work, which was formed over the decades and markedly distinguished in the overall development of our science, are connected with his activity ( ...) Passion for his subject is characteristic of a genuine scientist, but perhaps few of whom it was shown with such fullness and strength, as in Fyodor Yakovlevich. (...) Sometimes, someone will turn to him with a specific question from a particular area (and indeed Fyodor Yakovlevich was an expert not only in the history of Russian and French, but also in the history of Ukrainian and other Slavic literatures) and in response will hear more than one only a brief explanation of this episode, and a detailed picture of the literary and aesthetic aspirations and clashes of this era. (...) It was on this basis that the quality, such as reliability, that was so characteristic of the entire scientific image of a scientist, was formed. His judgments have always been perceived as the fruit of thoughtful, based on a solid scientific foundation of knowledge. It was difficult to challenge them even when the opponent or the interlocutor had a different point of view. (...) Fyodor Yakovlevich was alien to ambitious career plans, the desire for power, high posts. But he invariably appeared in the leadership of the main scientific undertakings of Pushkin House, and of some other large scientific organizations (let me remind you at least the many years of leadership of the “Library of the Poet”), because his knowledge, scientific authority and extraordinary performance were absolutely necessary for the implementation of the most important literary publications. (...) His speeches in the journal, reviews of incoming articles, his participation in the discussion of complex and highly controversial materials, his concrete help to many authors in refining their articles, more reasoned thoughts, and finally, his overall role in the entire activity of the journal deserves good memory and general gratitude " ^[14] .

Winner of the Lenin Prize (1964) - for the monograph "Shevchenko and Russian literature of the XIX century." Honored Scientist of the RSFSR .

He was awarded the Order of the Red Star , " Badge of Honor ", World War II degree; medals "For the Defense of Leningrad" , "For Military Merit" and "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 . "

Books

• Shevchenko and Russian literature of the XIX century. M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961. 411 p.
• Shevchenko and Russian svolniy ruh. Kiiv: Dnipro, 1966. 180 p. (in Ukrainian).
• Russian literature in the West. Articles and searches. L .: Science, 1970. 258 p.
• "The Word of Igor's Regiment" in the Russian literary process of the XIX century L .: Science, 1980. 251 p.
• Nekrasov and Russian literature. L .: Science, 1987. 263 p.

Articles

• Leo Tolstoy and Emil Zola // Uchenye zapiski. LGPI them. A.I. Herzen. Department of General Literature. L., 1946. T. 48. p. 149-186.
• Unpublished letter of N. A. Nekrasov to M. V. Avdeev // Nekrasov. Scientific Bulletin of Leningrad State University. L., 1947. pp. 23-28.
• To “Notes of S.-Petersburg Don Quixote” (D. D. Minaev) // Cervantes. Articles and Materials / Ed. M.P. Alekseeva . L., 1948. C. 205-211.
• Belinsky in French literature (critical notes) // Belinsky. Articles and Materials / Ed. M.P. Alekseeva. L., 1949. p. 245-255.
• On the unfinished novel by V. F. Odoyevsky “Jordan Bruno and Peter Aretino” // Reports and reports of the Philological Institute of Leningrad State University. L., 1949. Vol. 1. pp. 233–239.
• “A Word about Igor's Regiment” in scientific and artistic thought of the first third of the XIX century // “A Word about Igor's Regiment”. Collection of Studies and Articles of the USSR Academy of Sciences Library of Sciences, Ed. V.P. Adrianova-Peretz . L., 1950. pp. 294-320.
• Unknown autographs of A. N. Radishchev // Radishchev. Articles and materials of the philological faculty of Leningrad State University. L., 1950. S. 19-26.
• Georg Forster - translator of M. V. Lomonosov // Reports and Communications of the Philological Faculty of Leningrad State University. L., 1951. Vol. 3. P. 209-220.
• Zorian Dolenga-Khodakovsky and his observations on the “Word about the regiment of Igor's” // Proceedings of the Old Russian Literature Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences Library of Sciences. M .; L., 1951. T. 8. P. 71-92.
• S.D. Poltoratsky as a propagandist of Pushkin in France. Pushkin in the French press of 1820-1840 // Literary heritage . Pushkin. Lermontov. Gogol. M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1952. T. 58. P. 298-307.
• Unpublished letters to Pushkin. Letters of P. A. Vyazemsky, K. F. Kalaidovich, A. A. Kraevsky and V. F. Odoyevsky // Literary heritage. Pushkin. Lermontov. Gogol. M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952. T. 58. P. 287-296. [Publication and comments in collaboration with V. Erofeev and Yu. Oksman ].
• Observations of A. N. Olenin over "The Word about Igor's Regiment" // Proceedings of the Old Russian Literature Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences Library of the Academy of Sciences. M .; L., 1953. T. 9. S. 39-48.
• The poem "I saw you, I read them" (the newly found autograph of A. S. Pushkin) // Literary archive . 1953. No. 4. S. 11-22.
• “A Word about Igor's Regiment” in the literary life of the beginning of the 19th century // Works of the Old Russian Literature Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences Literary Institute. M .; L., 1954. V. 10. C. 229-243.
• “Word about Igor's regiment” in the works of Gogol // Gogol. Articles and Materials / Ed. M.P. Alekseeva. L., 1954. C. 137-156.
• Review of V. G. Burinsky on the Kobzar 1840 р. // Zbіrnik pratsya pershoi і friend naukovyh Shevchenko conferencing. Kiev: Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, RSR, 1954. P. 61-76 (in Ukrainian).
• T. G. Shevchenko and Russian Literature // News of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Department of language and literature . M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954. T. 13. Vol. 3. pp. 217–239.
• On the history of the discovery of "The Word of Igor's Regiment" // Proceedings of the Old Russian Literature Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences. M .; L., 1956. T. 12. C. 46-54.
• Shevchenko in his work on the “Picturesque Ukraine” (according to the materials of the archive of V.N. Repnina) // Zbіrnik pratst the fourth scientific exhibition of shevchenko congresses. Kiev: Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, RSR, 1956. pp. 270-283.
• Antiochus Cantemir and his French literary connections // Proceedings of the department of the new Russian literature. M .; L., 1957. T. 1. S. 7-45.
• Pushkin and A. N. Olenin's circle // A. S. Pushkin. Materials and Research Institute of the USSR Institute of the National Academy of Sciences / Ed. M.P. Alekseeva. M .; L., 1958. T. 2. S. 229-266.
• Lomonosov and “The History of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great” by Voltaire // XVIII century. Collection 3 / Ed. P. N. Berkova . M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1958. pp. 170–186.
• R.F. Timkovsky as a researcher “Words about Igor's regiment” // Proceedings of the Old Russian Literature Department of the USSR Institute of the Arts Literature. M .; L., 1958. T. 14. P. 89-95.
• Xavier Marmier and Russian literature // Questions of the study of Russian literature XI-XX centuries. M .; L., 1958. pp. 145-155.
• Shevchenko and Russian Slavophiles // Russian literature . 1958. No. 3. P. 153-172.
• Lev Tolstoy and Alphonse Daudet // From the history of Russian literary relations of the 18th — 20th centuries. M .; L., 1959. p. 211-226.
• To disputes about genuine and imaginary articles and reviews of V. G. Belinsky // Russian literature. 1960. No. 1. P. 113-130.
• Shevchenko trains in the Russian Sustainable Literary Life 1870–1880 rokіv // Zbіrnik prats eight of the scientific conference Shevchenko. Kiev: Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1960, pp. 220-271 (in Ukrainian).
• On a German translation of the Ukrainian folk song "Oh, the Cossack beyond the Danube" // Russian literature. 1960. No. 3. P.170-173.
• The beginning of world fame Leo Tolstoy // Russian literature. 1960. No. 4. S. 33-63.
• About Aesopian language VG Belinsky // Russian literature. 1962. No. 1. P. 107-125.
• To disputes about the poetic heritage of N. A. Nekrasov // Russian literature. 1962. No. 2. P. 239-248.
• Herzen and Shevchenko // Radyanske Literature Tourism. 1962. № 3. S. 77-90 (in Ukrainian).
• Unknown poem N. A. Nekrasov // Russian literature. 1963. No. 1. P. 144–153.
• From the history of the creation of the “Songs of the Western Slavs” by A. S. Pushkin // From the history of Russian-Slavic literary connections in the 19th century. M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 1963. P. 95-123.
• Бєлінський та Шевченко // Zbіrnik prats dvanadtsyato ї naukkoї ї shevchenkіvskoї konferentsii. Kiev: Naukova Dumka , 1964. P. 190—209 (in Ukrainian).
• Dzherel Shevchenkovogo "Imitations of the Serbian" // Radyanske Literature. 1964. No. 6. S. 54-59 (in Ukrainian).
• Shevchenko and Russia // Shevchenko and world culture. To the 150th anniversary of the birth of 1814-1964. M .: Nauka, 1964. S. 133-115.
• On the hypothesis of A. A. Zimin // Russian literature. 1966. № 2. S. 75-89.
• Shevchenko and non-schools in Ukraine // Zbіrnik pratz chotirnatioi naOvkoi ovko Shevchenkivskoi konferentsii. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1966. P. 170—194 (in Ukrainian).
• Bernard Shaw's forgotten article about S. M. Stepnyak-Kravchinsky // Russian Literature. 1967. No. 1. S. 163-169.
• NG Pomyalovsky and the "revolutionaries of the 61st year" // Russian literature. 1967. No. 4. P. 121-132.
• From Pushkin to Nekrasov // Nekrasov and Russian Poetry. Nekrasovsky collection. L., 1967. Vol. Iv. Pp. 10-39.
• NI Nadezhdin and Slavs // Slavic literary connections. L .: Science, 1968. S. 5-28.
• Features of the poetic style of Nekrasov // Russian literature. 1968. № 3. S. 15-36.
• The great artist of the Russian word (I. S. Turgenev) // Russian literature. 1968. No. 4. P. 3-19.
• South Slavic parallels to "The Word of Igor's Regiment" // Historical links in Slavic folklore. Russian folklore. M .; L .: Science, 1968. T. 11. P. 225-239.
• To the controversy about the discovery of “The Word of Igor's Regiment” // From “The Word of Igor's Regiment” to “The Quiet Don”: Collection of articles on the 90th anniversary of N. K. Piksanov. L., 1969. pp. 250-260.
• The Forgotten Letter of N. V. Gogol // Russian Literature. 1970. No. 3. S. 88-92.
• Tyutchev and folklore // Poetics and stylistics of Russian literature: Collection of articles in memory of academician V. V. Vinogradov. L .: Science, 1971. P. 167-174.
• "The Word about Igor's Regiment" in the works of S. N. Glinka // Ancient Russian literature and Russian culture of the 18th — 19th centuries. Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian Literature, IRLI USSR Academy of Sciences. L .: Science, 1971, T. 26. P. 123-127.
• Shevchenko in the vidgukah of the Russian press presi // Zbіrnik pratz nineteen of the scientific Shevchenko conference. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1972. P. 162-175 (in Ukrainian).
• Poetry Nekrasov in the social and literary movement of the late nineteenth - early twentieth century // Nekrasovsky collection. L .: Science, 1973. Vol. V. pp. 42-65.
• “Word about Igor's regiment” and the South Slavic heroic epos // Slavic literatures. VII International Congress of Slavists. Warsaw, August 1973. Reports of the Soviet delegation. M .: Nauka, 1973. S. 263-281.
• Serbian-Croatian parallels to "The Word of Igor's Regiment" // Russian literature. 1973. № 3. S. 73-81.
• The problem of national and universal in Pushkin’s heritage // Pushkin. Research and materials. L., 1974. Vol. 7. P. 5-24.
• “The Great Road” of Belinsky and the Crossroads of His Researchers [Polemic] // Russian Literature. 1974. № 1. S. 74-93.
• Pushkin and Ukrainian folk-poetry // “... And every language in it will call me ...”. The heritage of Pushkin and the literature of the peoples of the USSR. Yerevan, 1975. p. 187-209.
• New patches on the old concept [Controversy] // Russian literature. 1975. No. 3. P. 103–114.
• Bulgarian parallels to "The Tale of Igor's Regiment" // Russian-Bulgarian folklore and literary connections. L .: Science, 1976. S. 334-338.
• Ševčenko und die Russische Literatur. // Der revolutionäre Demokrat Taras Ševčenko 1814–1861. Herausgegeben von E.Winter und G.Jarosch. Akademie - Verlag / Berlin, 1976. S. 39-55 (in German).
• Steep turns and new miscalculations [Controversy] // Russian literature. 1976. No. 4. P. 121-131.
• Pushkin and Belinsky // Russian literature. 1977. № 1. S. 30-46.
• Poetry A. N. Maikova // Maikov A. N. Selected Works. Library of the poet. Big series. L., 1977. p. 5-44.
• The nationality of poetry Nekrasov // Nekrasovsky collection. L., 1978. Vol. Vi. Pp. 3-22.
• N.A. Nekrasov and M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin // Nekrasovsky collection. L., 1980. Vol. VII. Pp. 3-24.
• "Hound hunting" Nekrasov and its place in the historical and literary process. // The legacy of the revolutionary democrats and Russian literature: Collection of articles in memory of E. I. Pokusaeva. Saratov: SSU Publishing House, 1981. p. 181-194.
• To the characteristic of folklore N.A. Nekrasov // Russian literature. 1981. № 2. S. 76-91.
• A. N. Plescheev and Hristo Botev // Classical Heritage and Modernity. L .: Science, 1981. p. 173-180.
• Benedict's Poetry // Benediktov V. G. Poems. Library of the poet. Big series. L., 1983. p. 5-46
• The theme of "Novgorod freedom" in Russian literature of the end of the XVIII - beginning of the XIX century. // On the road to romanticism. L .: Science, 1984. p. 100-138.
• Poetry A.N. Maikova // Maikov A.N. Works in two volumes. M., 1984. T. 1. S. 3-40.
• A.P. Shuvalov - propagandist of Lomonosov's creativity // Russian literature. 1986. No. 4. P. 113-121.
• Historical works of Lomonosov in foreign assessments of the XVIII century // Russian literature. 1987. Number 3. P. 124-131.
• Blok and Nekrasov // Alexander Blok. Research and materials. L .: Science, 1987. 5-20.

• Literary St. Petersburg - the twentieth century. Encyclopedic dictionary in 3 volumes. SPb., 2015. T.3. Pp. 87–90
• Bazanov V. G , Kovalev V. A. , Moiseyev G. N. , Rovda K. I. To the 70th birthday of F. Ya. Priymy // Russian Literature . - 1979. - № 2. - p. 214-215.
• Bulakhov M. G. Priyma // Bulakhov M. G. “Word about Igor's regiment” in literature, art, science: a brief encyclopedic dictionary. - Minsk: University, 1989. - p. 178-179.
• Bushmin A.S. , Grigorian K.N. , Ershov L.F. Fedor Yakovlevich Priyma // Russian Literature. - 1969. - № 4.
• N. Generalov. Readings in the memory of F. Ya. Priyma (on the 100th anniversary of his birth) // Russian literature. - 2010. - № 3 . - p . 211–213 .
• Egorov B.F. Instead of memories of F. Ya. Priyme // Memoirs. - SPb. : Nestor History, 2004. - ISBN 5-98187-046-X .
• Pushkin House: materials for history, 1905-2005 / ed. N. N. Skatova . - SPb., 2005. - p. 507-508. - ISBN 5-86007-489-1 .
• Rudi T. R. Priyma Fedor Yakovlevich // Encyclopedia "Words about Igor's regiment" : In 5 tons. - SPb .: Dmitry Bulanin, 1995. - V. 4. P — Slovo. - 1995. - p. 177-178.
• Stepina M. Yu. Scientific readings dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of F. Ya. Priyma // Russian literature. - 2000. - № 1;
• F. Ya. Priyma and questions of philology of the twentieth century: research, memories, materials: to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Fyodor Yakovlevich Priyma / Pod obsch. ed. V. E. Vetlovskaya and N. N. Shumskikh; status and foreword I. F. Priyma. - SPb. : Beresta, 2009. - 491 p. - (Pushkin House - personalities). - ISBN 978-5-91492-072-9 .

• The article on the website of the NLR