Mukhin, Fedor Nikanorovich

Born in 1878 in the city of Zavodoukovsk (now the Tyumen region) in a peasant family. Since 1902, he worked as a driver on the Sino-East and Trans-Baikal Railways . In 1904 he joined the RSDLP (b) . Member of the revolution of 1905-1907 One of the organizers and leaders of the railway workers union. He was elected to the strike committee of the Manchuria station , where as a result of the strike power passed into the hands of striking workers, he was elected head of the station in Manchuria. He led party work in Transbaikalia and Amur. Since 1906 he lived illegally in Blagoveshchensk under the name Chizhikov.

In 1908, as part of a criminal group (Rusakov, Dunaevsky, Simonov, Mukhin, Wolfhound) was engaged in the manufacture and sale of counterfeit money. (3-, 5-, 25-ruble denominations). Moreover, the cliche-making artist and his wife lived in Mukhin’s apartment. In December 1908, Mukhin, on a forged document, received money at Mordin’s office. Mukhin was exposed and convicted to imprisonment. In the spring of 1909, other counterfeiters were arrested. Members of the group were sentenced to various periods of hard labor, and Mukhin, after 2 months, for some reason returned to freedom. Then he worked at Churin’s company, organized his own workshop. In December 1915 he was again arrested for forgery; from March 15 to November 15, 1916 he was imprisoned ^[1] .

After his release from prison, he worked as a machinist at a power plant at Ulmin station (Mukhinskaya). After the February Revolution, he headed the local public safety committee here. In May 1917 he returned to Blagoveshchensk, where he worked in the workshops of backwater. In July, mobilized in the army. He served in the 302nd Vyatka squad in Blagoveshchensk, actively participated in the local Council.

On November 28, 1917, at the general meeting of the Bolsheviks of Blagoveshchensk, all the facts of his past criminal activity were announced. He did not deny his participation in the sale of counterfeit money and the receipt of money under a forged document in the office of Mordin. But all this was allegedly done by him, not for selfish ends, but in the name of saving his comrades in the commune who are in need from starvation. The commission concluded that “Mukhin was not doing this for selfish purposes, but only to help his comrades, who were in an extremely difficult situation as a result of the persecution of the police and gendarmerie ...” Members of the Nesterov community and others attending the meeting confirmed this. The meeting decided: “to recognize Comrade Mukhin as having completely redeemed his past and accept him as a party member without restricting his active activity” ^[1] .

In December, F. Mukhin seeks re-election of the Annunciation Council , and in February 1918 at the Fourth Peasant Congress, he was elected to the regional Council and became its chairman. He also headed the Council of People's Commissars of the Amur Labor Socialist Republic. Since December 1917 - one of the leaders of the party organization of the Amur Region. On his initiative, the most radical socialization was carried out in the region: the zemstvo and city self-government were abolished, decisions were made on the complete nationalization of private property: factories, factories, mines, etc. This radicalism gave rise to armed resistance - an armed uprising against the power of the Soviets ( Gamovsky mutiny ) . The Bolsheviks, under his leadership, carried out a “ dry law ” in the Amur region ^[2] .

It was not possible to ensure a normal economic life by measures of socialization, and already in July 1918, at the next congress of workers, sharp demands were made to remove the commissars. In August 1918, the II Congress of Amur grain growers in the village of Peschanozerka expressed distrust of the Soviet leadership of the region, headed by Mukhin. There were demands for the replacement of the regional executive committee from affairs and the transfer of all power to the executive committee, elected at the sand-ozersky congress. The delegates sharply condemned the inactivity of the commissars of the Amur Council of People's Commissars and demanded that they be held accountable. The Peschanoozersky executive committee began to form self-defense units (Green Army) and draw them to Blagoveshchensk. The goal was to overthrow the Mukhinsky Council in the Amur Region. So a civil war was provoked, which facilitated the introduction of intervention troops into the region ^[3] .

According to the official biography, after the fall of Soviet power in September 1918, he led an underground Bolshevik organization and took an active part in preparing the uprising against the interventionists and White Guards, led the formation of partisan forces in the region and became the head of a peasant uprising that began in February 1919. In March he arrived in Blagoveshchensk , where he was issued as a provocateur and on the 8th was captured by the White Guard counterintelligence. After a thorough interrogation at about 12 am the next day, he was killed allegedly while trying to escape. This happened at the crossroads of Artilleriyskaya and Bolshaya (later Lenin) streets ^[1] .

According to the historian N. Shindyalov, Mukhin, during two days in the White Guard counterintelligence, gave all the information: he talked about the entire preparation of the uprising, named the leaders and members of the headquarters of the rebel army (Koshkin, Emelyanov, Sayapin, Bychko, etc.), indicating their signs and addresses place of residence, indicated the places where illegal groups were formed, the presence of weapons and ammunition. This information allowed counterintelligence at these addresses to carry out numerous arrests. Mukhin even gave the addresses of those who had been hiding in Blagoveshchensk before his arrest ^[3] .

• In 1920, Ulmin of the Amur region was renamed Mukhino.
• In Blagoveshchensk November 3, 1957 at the Square. Lenin installed a bust of F.N. Mukhin. Authors: sculptor B.T. Gorlach, architect - A.E. Elyasberg. Monument of republican significance.
• The name in Verkhneudinsk was named after F.N. Mukhin. The street was renamed in 1967 into the Prospect named after the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution .
• The name of F. N. Mukhin is one of the streets of Blagoveshchensk.
• The name of F. N. Mukhin is one of the streets of Zavitinsk.

• Goncharenko R.V. The working class and the trade union labor movement in Zab. in 1905-1917: Abstract. dis.s. East. sciences. - Vladivostok, 1990.
• Malyshev V.P., Revolutionary-Bolshevik F.N. Mukhin, Blagoveshchensk, 1957.
• Monument to the fighters of the proletarian revolution who died in 1917-1921, M., 1925 (3rd ed.)
• Protocol interrogation comrade Mukhina, Sat Dalistpart, 1924, Prince 2;
• Mukhin, F. N. “Red Golgotha”, Sat, Blagoveshchensk, 1920.