Transport in Spain

The first railway was built in 1848. The total length of the rail track in 2008 was 15,293 km, of which 9058 km were electrified ^[1] . About 6.5% of all land transport cargo and 6% of passengers are transported by rail

• Wide gauge (1668 mm) - 11 919 km (electrified at a direct current of 3 kV - 6950 km)
• Standard gauge (1435 mm) - 1392 km (electrified with alternating current 25 kV - 1054 km)
• Narrow gauge (1000 mm) - 1954 km (electrified - 815 km)
• Narrow gauge (914 mm) - 28 km (all electrified).

Spain currently has 1,272 km of high-speed rail lines linking Malaga , Seville , Madrid , Barcelona and Valladolid . 1053 km of high-speed highways are equipped with a European train control system ^[2] . If the ambitious program for the development of high-speed rail services is completed, by 2020 Spain will have 7,000 km of high-speed rail lines, allowing you to get from the province to Madrid in less than 3 hours and to Barcelona within 4 hours. Most of the railway network is owned by the state-owned company Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias de España (Adif), and rail traffic is regulated by the public agency RENFE. Also in this market are regional companies (FEVE, FGC, Euskotren, FGV, SFM).

The metro is in Barcelona , Madrid , Bilbao , Palma de Mallorca , Seville , Valencia , Malaga .

The length of roads is 681,298 km (2008 data). The length of highways is 16,204 km (2012 data). Car fleet - more than 19 million cars. Spain intends to have a million electric vehicles by 2014 as part of a government plan to save energy and improve the environment.

By road, 90% of passenger and 79% of freight traffic is carried out.

The Spanish road network is mainly centralized with 6 highways connecting Madrid with the Basque Country , Catalonia , Valencia , Andalusia , Extremadura and Galicia . In addition, expressways run along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts.

Spain is in 4th place in terms of freight traffic in the EU for 2010. Container shipping amounted to 112 million tons, which brought Spain to the first place in terms of this indicator. Along with the Netherlands, Belgium, Romania, Slovenia and Bulgaria, Spain is a country with a high share of transport outside the EU.

Merchant Fleet

About 300 vessels with a total displacement of 1.511 million tons are involved in maritime transport. Vessels carrying Spanish flags carry over 30 million tons of foreign trade cargo annually. 24 seaports control almost 93% of all traffic. In 2010, the Spanish ports of Algeciras and Valencia were included in the rating of 20 major European ports in terms of cargo tonnage. In terms of tourist traffic, the rating included the port of Algeciras and the port of Palma de Mallorca ^[3] . The passenger flow of the ports of Spain is about 20 million people per year, which puts it in 8th place among the EU countries in popularity ^[3] , ^[4] .

Table with the characteristics of some ports of Spain for 2010-2011 ^{[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]} .

Ports

The most significant on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean:

• Port of Bilbao (English en: Port of Bilbao );
• Port of Cadiz (Spanish es: Puerto de la bahía de Cádiz );
• Port of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (English en: Port of Las Palmas );
• Port of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (English en: Port of Santa Cruz de Tenerife );
• Port of Ferrol (Spanish: es: Puerto de Ferrol ) ;.

The most significant on the Mediterranean coast:

• Algeciras
• Port of Barcelona (English en: Port of Barcelona );
• Port of Valencia (English en: Port of Valencia );
• Port of Cartagena (Spanish: es: Puerto de Cartagena );
• Port of Malaga (English en: Port of Málaga );
• Port of Palma de Mallorca (German: de de Port de Palma ).

• Gas: 9,359 km;
• Crude oil: 560 km;
• Refined oil or gas products: 3,441 km (2010) ^[1]

Passenger air traffic in 2011 exceeded 204 million.

Statistics of the largest airports in Spain in 2011 are given in the table ^[20]

There are 152 airports ^[1] . Spain's national airports are subordinate to the public organization Spanish Airports and Air Navigation (Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea ( Aena ), which in turn is subordinated to the Ministry of Development (Ministerio de Fomento de España). According to the Catalan Autonomy Act of 2006, three Catalan airports were transferred to the administration of the Generality of Catalonia, which is managed jointly with the public organization Aerocat ^[21] .

Spanish airlines are: Air Europa, Air Nostrum, Air Pullmantur, Binter Canarias, Iberia LAE, Islas Airways, Vueling Airlines.