The reserved mosque ( Arabic. المسجد الحرام - al-masjid al-haram ) is the main and largest mosque in the world, in the courtyard of which is the main shrine of Islam - the Kaaba . Located in Mecca in Saudi Arabia . A visit to the mosque of al-Haram and the Kaaba is an indispensable element of pilgrimage ( hajj ). The mosque also includes other important objects, including Black Stone , Zamzam well, the place of the prophet Ibrahim ( makam Ibrahim ), as-Safa and al-Marw hills [1] .
| Mosque | |
| Masjid al-haram | |
|---|---|
| Arab. المسجد الحرام | |
 Al-Haram and Kaaba Mosque | |
| A country |  Saudi Arabia |
| Provinces | Mecca |
| City | Mecca |
| Coordinates | |
| Type of mosque | Juma mosque |
| Architectural style | Islamic architecture |
| Builder | Prophet Ibrahim and his son Ismail |
| Key dates | |
| November 20, 1979 - terrorist act | |
| Relics and Shrines | Kaaba |
| Status | The main shrine of Islam |
| Capacity | 900,000 people (during the Hajj up to 4 million) |
| The number of minarets | 9 |
| Minaret height | 89 m |
| condition | acting |
| Tarawih |  |
| Iftar and Suhur | |
| Site | gph.gov.sa |
The Sanctuary Mosque is the largest mosque in the world, and over the years it has been thoroughly renovated and expanded [2] . She was under the control of various rulers (caliphs, sultans and kings), and now is under the control of the King of Saudi Arabia, who is called the “Guardian of the Two Holy Mosques” (that is, the Preserve Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina) [3] . The mosque is located near the complex of buildings of Abraj al-Beit , which has the world's tallest clock tower [4] , the construction of which was surrounded by controversy regarding the destruction of early Islamic heritage sites [5] .
Content
Construction
The construction of the first mosque near the Kaaba dates back to 638 . The existing mosque has been known since 1570 . During its existence, the mosque was rebuilt several times, so that little is left of the original building. At first, Al-Haram Mosque had six minarets , but when six minarets were also built at the Blue Mosque in Istanbul , Imam Mecca called it sacrilege : not a single mosque in the world should equal the Kaaba [6] . And then Sultan Ahmed ordered the construction of the seventh minaret in this mosque.
Reconstruction of the late 1980s
In the late 1980s, the mosque was reconstructed when a huge building with two minarets was attached to it from the south-western side. It is in this building that the main entrance to the mosque is now located - The Gate of King Fahd. At present, the Haram Mosque is a huge building with an area of 357 thousand m². The mosque has 9 minarets, the height of which reaches 95 m. In addition to the 4 gates, there are 44 more entrances to the mosque. The building has more than 500 marble columns and 7 escalators. The air in the main rooms is air-conditioned. There are special rooms for prayers and ablutions, which are divided into male and female. Al-Masjid al-Haram can accommodate up to 800 thousand people at the same time, however, while believers are placed even on the roof of the building.
By 2007, the number of gates in the mosque was 95. Four were considered the main gates: the gates of King Abd al-Aziz, the gates of King Fahd, the gates of al-Umra and the gates of al-Fatah (Arabic: “victory”). Above each of the gates towered two 98-meter minarets; another is not far from al-Safa hill. A spiral staircase leading to two balconies was arranged inside the minarets. The minarets were crowned with massive crescents made of gilded metal [7] .
Reconstruction of the Beginning of the 21st Century
From 2007 to 2012, according to the decision of the King of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah ibn Abdel Aziz Al-Saud , a new large-scale reconstruction of the mosque was carried out. During the expansion, mainly in the northern direction, the territory increased to 400 thousand m² and 1.12 million people are accommodated on it. Two more minarets were built, as well as the new Gate of King Abdullah, all the old and new rooms are equipped with air conditioning. Taking into account the reconstructed territory of the district, 2.5 million people will be able to participate in ceremonies and events at the same time. The cost of reconstruction is 10.6 billion dollars. At the same time, near the corner of the mosque complex, by 2011 the most massive complex of towers and skyscrapers in the world, Abraj al-Beit, was built .
Incidents
1979 Terror Act
On the morning of November 20, 1979 (the first day of the new 1400 according to the Islamic calendar), thousands of believers gathered for Masjid Al-Haram in the morning prayer. Suddenly, shots rang out inside the mosque. The guards, armed only with batons, could not offer any resistance. Soon, the entire territory of the huge mosque complex was under the complete control of unknown armed persons. They blocked all the entrances to the inside of the building and installed firing points on high minarets. The ideological inspirer and organizer of the capture was Juhayman Al-Uteibi , a former member of the Saudi National Guard. The first in importance was the associate of Muhammad al-Kakhtani , a former spiritual and religious symbol of the rebellion. The rebels believed that, in his face, the Mahdi, mentioned in the ancient prophecy, the renewal of Islam on the eve of the Last Judgment, came to Earth. Around themselves, they saw intolerable examples of the decay of society: the penetration of Western cultural and material values into it, portraits of persons from the ruling family, women announcers on television, television itself, passports, liberties in manners and behavior. They opposed the Saudi criminal connection with Western countries, the sale of oil to America, the royal family's propensity for luxury and consumption. Having captured the mosque, the rebels wanted to announce the divine mission of the Mahdi and take the oath of allegiance to him at the walls of the holy Kaaba.
It took the Saudi security forces two weeks to free the mosque from the terrorists. As a result of an unprecedented attack, 255 people were killed on both sides.
The failure to regain control of the main shrine of the Muslim world within two weeks significantly undermined the authority of the ruling family. After a brief investigation, Juheiman and dozens of his accomplices were publicly beheaded in the main cities of Saudi Arabia [8] .
Construction crane fall
September 11, 2015 due to strong winds, a construction crane fell into the courtyard of the mosque . Killed 107 people, 238 were injured. Construction work was carried out by the Saudi Binladin Group [9] .
List of Imams and Muezzins
Imams: [10]
- Abdullah al-Khulyafi ( Arabic: عَـبْـد ٱلله الْـخُـلَـيْـفِي )
- Ahmad Khatib ( Arabic: أَحْـمَـد خَـطِـيْـب ) - Islamic theologian from Indonesia;
- Ali ibn Abdullah Jabir ( Arabic: عَـلِى بِـن عَـبْـدُ ٱلله جَـابِـر ) - the Malik lawyer Mecca;
- Umar al-Subayyil ( Arabic: عُـمَـر الـسُّـبَـيِّـل ) - an active member of the Hatame-Nabbuvvat organization;
- Muhammad as-Subayyil ( Arabic: مُـحَـمَّـد الـسُّـبَـيِّـل ) - died in 2013;
- Abdullah al-Harazi ( Arabic: عَـبْـد ٱلله الْـحَـرَازِي ) - Former Chairman of the Saudi Majlis al-Shura;
- Ali ibn Abdu-r-Rahman al-Khatayfi ( Arabic. عَـلِي بِـن عَـبْـدُ ٱلـرَّحۡـمٰـن الْـحُـذَيْـفِي ) is currently the chief imam of the Prophet Mosque and a member of the al-Hilal Committee of Saudi Arabia;
- Salah ibn Muhammad Al-Budair ( Arabic: صَـلَاح ابْـن مُـحَـمَّـد الْـبُـدَيْـر ) - currently deputy chief imam of the Prophet's Mosque;
- Adil al-Qalbani [11] ( Arabic: عَـادِل الْـكَـلْـبَـانِي )
Muezzins:
- al-Buzzy - died in1459 [12]
Notes
- ↑ Al 'Imran 3:97
- ↑ bbc.com
- ↑ Is Saudi Arabia Ready for Moderate Islam? - Latest Gulf News (English) (neopr.) ? . www.fairobserver.com . Date of treatment November 25, 2017.
- ↑ As we prepare to fall back, here are seven great clocks of the world , Los Angeles Times (October 29, 2017).
- ↑ Carla Power. Saudi Arabia Bulldozes Over Its Heritage . Time Date of treatment November 25, 2017.
- ↑ Sultanahmet Mosque (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Mecca // Pilgrim's guide. 08/27/2007
- ↑ Yaroslav Trofimov. The Siege of Mecca: The Forgotten Uprising in Islam's Holiest Shrine and the Birth of al-Qaeda. - Doubleday , 2007 .-- ISBN 978-0385519250 .
- ↑ The hajj WILL go ahead: Religious leaders confirm Islam's mass pilgrimage to Mecca goes ahead this month despite the crane disaster killing 107 there yesterday
- ↑ Names of Former Imams 1345–1435 Ah . Date of treatment May 3, 2018.
- ↑ WORTH, ROBERT F .. A Black Imam Breaks Ground in Mecca (April 10, 2009).
- ↑ Imām ibn Kathīr al-Makkī . Propheticguidance.co.uk (June 16, 2013). Date of treatment April 13, 2016.