Tarkhan is the modern name of one of the largest ancient Egyptian necropolises 50 km south of Cairo , on the west bank of the Nile .
| Tarhan | |
|---|---|
 Alabaster vessels from the tomb No. 99 (Kafr Ammar). I century AD e. Pitrie Museum , London. | |
| A country | Egypt |
| Region | Valley of the Kings |
| Coordinates | |
| Established | I dynasty |
| First mention | 1911 |
Content
Discovery
In 1911, Flinders Pitri drew attention to reports of a robbery by local villagers of a vast cemetery on the edge of the desert, behind the village of Kafr -Tarkhan, near the entrance to Faayum .
For two seasons of excavation from 1911 to 1913, Pitri uncovered 2,000 tombs belonging to all eras of ancient Egyptian history. It is noteworthy that only a small number of graves belong to the New and Middle Kingdoms. Simple graves in the earth belonged to ordinary people. Mostly the deceased was buried in an embryonic position.
The work in Tarkhan allowed Pitris to expand his dating system to the III dynasty . He connected the first three dynasties with the previous dynastic period in compiling a map of the development of pottery and forms of ceramics.
Finds
The most significant are several tombs of the epoch of the formation of statehood - the 1st Dynasty (c. 3100 BC), reminiscent of the royal palace in external architectural design. In those distant times, a prosperous city was located here, which then in the I Dynasty lost its influence.
An important find was a print with the name of Pharaoh Narmer [1] and the oldest known dress today ( English Tarkhan dress ) [2] [3] .
In the graves were found female jewelry, male tools and weapons. Due to the favorable climate, wooden sarcophagi and furniture, fabrics were well preserved.
The ruins of the once-elevated temple are attested. It was difficult to establish whom it was dedicated to due to the lack of any decorations or drawings. The German Egyptologist Gunther Dreyer found the name of the Pharaoh Crocodile [4] and therefore believes that the temple stood in honor of Sebek [5] .
Fayum portraits are found in the tomb of the Roman period.
Notes
- ↑ Petrie, WMF, GA Wainwright, AH Gardiner. Tarkhan I and Memphis V. - London, 1913.
- ↑ A 5,000-Year-Old Linen Dress Is the World's Oldest Woven Garment . Hyperallergic (February 29, 2016). Date of treatment March 13, 2019.
- ↑ UCL. Tarkhan dress UCL CULTURE (August 30, 2016). Date of treatment March 13, 2019.
- ↑ Günter Dreyer. Horus Krokodil, ein Gegenkönig der Dynastie 0 / Renee Friedman und Barbara Adams. - The Followers of Horus - Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, 1949-1990. - Oxford, 1992 .-- S. 259-263.
- ↑ Toby Wilkinson. Early Dynastic Egypt. - London: Routledge, 1999. - S. 295–96. - ISBN 0-415-18633-1 .
Literature
- Wolfram Grajetzki: “The architecture and the signification of the Tarkhan mastabas” In: Archeo-Nil 18 (2008), p. 103-112
- W. Grajetzki, Tarkhan , In: J. Picton, I. Pridden (editors): Unseen Images, Archive Photographs in the Petrie Museum, Volume I: Gurob, Sedment and Tarkhan , London 2008, p. 185—237 ISBN | 978-1-906137-04-5
- W M. Flinders Petrie, GA Wainwright, BA, AH Gardiner, D. Litt .: Tarkhan I and Memphis V , London 1913
- WM Flinders Petrie: Tarkhan II , London 1914
- WM Flinders Petrie: Heliopolis, Kafr Ammar and Shurafa , London 1915