Sons of Emperor Kangxi

The first prince Yinzhi (1672-1735), the son of Hui's wife. He did not become an heir because his mother was not an empress. In 1698 he received the title of Prince Zhi of the second rank. He participated in the campaign against the Dzungarian khan Galdan . In 1708, the emperor stripped Crown Prince of Crown Prince Yinzhen. He awarded Yinzhi and placed Yinzhen under Yinzhi's guardianship. Then the first prince set out to become the heir and tried to convince his father to execute Inzheng, but instead aroused the emperor's displeasure. Further, the third prince, whose name in Russian is also transcribed as Yinzhi, accused the first prince of Yinzhi of using witchcraft against Yinzhen to get rid of him. The emperor was furious. He called the first prince a traitor, stripped him of his title and put him under house arrest. In 1722, Emperor Kangxi died. Yinzhen, the fourth prince, ascended the throne. Yinzhi was forced to change his name to Yunshi ^[2] . When Yunzhi died, he was posthumously awarded the title of Beizi - 2 steps below the prince of the second rank.

The second prince Yinzheng (1674-1725), son and empress of Xiaochenzhen. His mother was the first empress Kansi . She died at the age of 20 on June 16, 1674 in the Forbidden City 10 days after the birth of her son. The emperor was very sad. For several years the place of the empress remained vacant. At the age of one year, Yinzhen was proclaimed crown prince. In 1696 and 1697, when the emperor campaigned twice against the Dzungarian khan Galdan , Yinzheng was appointed regent and controlled affairs in the capital. Despite the scandals and accusations of promiscuity, Yinzheng remained for a long time the favorite of his father, perhaps in memory of the deceased mother. In 1703, Yinzhen’s cousin was found guilty of attempted assassination of the emperor. Therefore, the attitude towards Inzheng is gradually deteriorating. In 1708, while hunting in Jhehe, Kangxi accused Yinzheng of immorality, sexual licentiousness, an attempt to usurp power and treason. Yinzheng was stripped of his title and imprisoned. It was later discovered that the first Yinshi prince had hired llamas to cast malicious spells on Yinzheng. The emperor forgave his son and in 1709 returned to him the title of crown prince. Over the next three years, Yinzheng's behavior only worsened, the emperor began to believe that he was insane. In 1712, Yinzheng was again stripped of his title and detained. In 1722, when Kangxi died, Yinzheng changed his name to Yunzheng. In 1725, he died in prison. Posthumously he was awarded the title of Prince Lee of the first rank.

The third prince Yinzhi (1677-1732), the son of his wife Rong. Yinzhi was diligent in teaching and was known as a connoisseur of literature. In addition, he studied mathematics and geometry, and was also a skilled calligrapher . It was he who painted the hieroglyphs on the memorial plaque of Emperor Kangxi in his tomb. He did not take part in the brothers' struggle for the throne, did not support anyone, and spent time reading and writing books. The third prince participated in the creation of the encyclopedia in 1706. After the death of Kangxi, Yinzhi changed his name to Yunzhi. He was ordered to stay in the Jingling grave complex and look after his father’s tomb, as the new emperor believed that Yunzhi was close to Crown Prince Yinzheng. Yunzhi was displeased and complained about the emperor. When Emperor Yinsyang's cousin died, Yunzhi did not express his due sorrow. Emperor Yongzheng was angry. He stripped Yunzhi of his title and sent him to prison at the Yun'an Pavilion in Jingshan Park in Beijing , where he died in 1732.

The fourth prince of Yinzhen (1678-1735), the son of Empress Xiaogongzhen. Yinzhen accompanied the emperor on his inspection trips to the vicinity of Beijing and the southern provinces. He had the honorary position of commander of the solid red banner forces in the battle against Khan Galdan . Yinzhen received the title of bail in 1689, and in 1698 he was promoted to the rank of prince of the second rank. In 1704, a flood occurred on the Yangtze and Yellow River . Yinzhen was sent with the 13th prince to the area affected by him, as plenipotentiary representative of the emperor to carry out hydraulic works. The imperial treasury, which was empty due to unpaid loans to officials and nobility, could not cover all the costs associated with the flood. Yinzhen was to raise funds from the wealthy southern tycoons. He was to become the guarantor of rational spending of funds. In 1709, Yinzhen received the title of Prince Yong of the first rank. In 1712, Emperor Kangxi stripped the crown prince of his second son Yinzhen and did not appoint an heir, which led to the princes fighting for the throne. As a result, Yinzhen became the new emperor in 1723.

The fifth prince Yinqi (1680-1732), the son of his wife I. In 1698 he received the title of Prince Han of the first rank.

The sixth prince of Yinzo (1680-1685), the son of Empress Xiaogongzhen, died young.

Seventh Prince Inyu (1680-1730), son of Cheng’s wife. In 1698 he received the title of Baile. In 1709 he received the title of Prince Chun of the second rank. In May 1723 he received the title of Prince Chun of the first rank.

The eighth prince of Insy (1681-1726), the son of his wife Liang. After ascending the throne of Emperor Yongzheng, he changed his name to Yunsi. He was appointed one of the four advisers to the emperor and received the title of Prince Liang of the first rank. However, being a serious rival in the struggle for the throne of his father, Yunsi aroused distrust and suspicion of the emperor. After a series of unfair allegations of incompetence, he was found guilty on 40 counts, and it was stated that he had endangered the Qing dynasty. His name was changed to Akina, which is translated from Manchu means "pig." He was expelled from the imperial family and sent to prison, where he died of illness. He was posthumously rehabilitated in the reign of Emperor Qianlong in 1778.

The ninth prince Yingtan (1683-1726), the son of his wife I. This was one of the emperor’s most beloved sons, despite the fact that he did not hold important posts in his father’s rule. In the struggle for the throne, Yintan initially supported the 8th Prince of Yinsa, but when he lost his father’s disposition, the 9th Prince went over to the side of the 14th Prince of Yinti. With the ascension to the throne of the new emperor, he changed his name to Yuntan. The new emperor called him to the capital and immediately sent to the military garrison in Xining . In 1724, the emperor stripped him of the Beise title. The following year, Emperor Yongzheng accused him and the eighth prince of political incompetence, expelled him from the imperial clan and forced him to take the name Seshei (from Manchurian - “dog”). The emperor ordered Hu Shili to escort him and Insy to Baoding , where they were sent to prison under the supervision of Governor Zhili Li Fu. Yingtang died in prison from a digestive system disease. Posthumously rehabilitated in the reign of Emperor Qianlong .

Tenth Prince Inye (1683-1741), son of the noble wife Wenxi. In 1709 he received the title of Prince Dun of the second rank. Deprived of the title in 1724. In 1737 he received the title "Prince Helping the State" in the reign of Emperor Qianlong .

The 11th Prince of Yinzi (1685-1666), the son of his wife, I. Died young.

The 12th Prince of Intao (1686-1763), the son of Spouse Dean. In 1709 he received the title of Prince Lu of the first rank.

The 13th Prince Yinxiang (1686-1730), the son of the honorable noble wife of Emperor Jingmin. His mother died when he was 14, and he grew up with the mother of 4 and 14 brothers of Empress Xiaogongzhen. After ascending the throne of Emperor Yongzheng, he changed his name to Yunxiang. In the very first year of his reign, the emperor granted Yunxiang the title of Prince I of the first rank and made him the prince of an iron cap (that is, the title of a prince was transferred to his heirs). He was the most loyal ally of the new emperor. Despite poor health, he tirelessly helped the emperor in the management of the state. In 1725 he was sent to supervise hydraulic engineering in Zhili Province, which included transport control and flood protection. When he returned to Beijing , his health deteriorated significantly. When he died in 1730, the emperor praised and mourned him for three days. At this time, the activity of the imperial court on state administration was terminated.

The 14th Prince of Inti (1688-1756), the son of Empress Xiaogongen. In 1709 he received the title of Beiji. In 1718, after the defeat of the Qing army on the Saluin River from the Dzungarian commander Tseren-Dondub Inti, the title “The Great General who pacifies the border” was given. He led a three hundred thousand army to Tibet to defeat the Dzungars . Many then believed that this was a sign that Inti would be the heir to the throne. In February 1720, Generals Gaby and Yansin led by Yinti left Xining to Lhasa , while Yinti remained in Xining to secure the support of the Mongol allies and to expel the Dalai Lama to Lhasa. On September 24, Qing troops captured Lhasa, the Dalai Lama was returned to the Potala Palace. Yunti planned to capture Dzungaria when on December 21 received the news that his father had died and that he was being summoned to the capital. Upon accession to the throne of Emperor Yongzheng , he changed his name to Yunti. The emperor saw Inti as a threat and placed him under house arrest. In 1722, Inti had the title of Prince of the second rank. In 1724, he was demoted to beyzi - two titles lower, and in 1725 he was stripped of all titles. In 1734, the title of Prince Xun of the second rank was returned to him. Ying was released in 1735 after the death of Yongzheng.

The 15th Prince of Yinu (1693-1731), the son of Shun Yi Mi's wife. In 1726 he received the title of Prince Yu of the second rank.

The 16th Prince of Yinlu (1695-1767), the son of Shun Yi Mi's wife. Adopted by the Bogodo family. In 1723, he inherited the title of Prince Zhuang.

The 17th Prince of Yinli (1697-1738), the son of his wife Chun Yu Qin (she was a Chinese nation, not a Manchu one ). Yinli excelled all brothers in learning since childhood. Unlike other brothers, he was never involved in the struggle for the throne. He was educated and cautious and had certain political achievements. He also excelled in poetry and calligraphy. He enjoyed traveling around the country and visited the famous mountains of Sichuan . With the advent of the new emperor, he replaced the name with Yunli. Emperor Yongzheng granted him the title of Prince Guo of the second rank and taught him the management of educational institutions. In 1725, Yinli was awarded a higher cash benefit for honesty and diligence. In February 1728, he was awarded the title of Prince Guo of the first rank. Later, he was introduced to the great council, and he was entrusted with important missions, for example, escorting the Dalai Lama to Tibet and inspecting the military on this route. He was known as the patron saint of scholars of Tibetan Buddhism . When Emperor Yongzheng became seriously ill, Yunli was assigned to support the heir to the throne of Hongli . In 1735, the emperor died, Hongli became the new emperor, choosing the motto of the Qianlong reign. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong Yunli, even more power and even more important responsibilities were given. Yunli died in 1738 at age 42. All his children died young. The title passed to his adopted son Hongzhan (the sixth son of Emperor Yongzheng).

The 18th Prince of Yinse (1701-1708), the son of Shun Yi Mi's wife. He died young in the Mountain refuge from the summer heat - the imperial residence in Chengde from mumps .

The 19th Prince of Yinji (1702-1704), the son of the concubine Xiang. He died young.

The 20th Prince of Inyi (1706-1755), the son of the concubine Xiang. In 1726 he received the title of Baile.

21st Prince Yinxi (1711-1758), son of the concubine Xiang. In 1735, under Emperor Qianlong, he received the title of Prince Shen of the second rank.

22nd Prince Yinhu (1712-1744), son of the concubine Jin. He received the title of bail in 1730.

23rd Prince Yinqi (1714-1785), son of the concubine Jing. He received the title of bail in 1730.

The 24th Prince of Yin (1716-1773), the son of the concubine Mu. In 1733 he received the title of Prince Xian of the first rank.

The first empress Kangxi Xiaochenzhen gave birth to the second surviving son Yinzheng, who became crown prince in 2 years. Although Kangxi entrusted the education of some sons to other people, he personally supervised Yingheng's studies, seeking to raise a worthy heir. He was taught by Mandarin Wang Shan, who remained loyal to him and in the last years of his life tried to convince Kangxi to make Yinzheng crown prince again. Yinzhen himself did not show behavior worthy of the heir to the throne, although Kangxi loved him very much. It was said that he beat and killed his subjects and had sexual relations with his father's concubine, for which the death penalty relied. Yinzhen bought children from Jiangsu for sexual pleasure. Gradually, the Crown Prince’s minions, led by his uncle Sungotu, formed a “Crown Prince Party”, the purpose of which was to bring the Crown Prince to power as soon as possible, without neglecting illegal methods. Kansi constantly monitored the behavior of his son, and over the years their relationship gradually deteriorated. In 1707, Kangxi issued a decree stating that he could no longer tolerate Yinzheng's behavior, and stripped him of the title of crown prince. Kangxi puts Yinzhen under house arrest and orders Yinshi's eldest son to watch him. Yinshi tried many times to persuade his father to execute Yinzheng. Kangxi was enraged and stripped Yinshi of all the titles. Kansi insisted on ending the debate about who will be the new Crown Prince, however, many rumors and speculation have appeared. The quiet work of the imperial court was disrupted. Yinshi's actions made the emperor think that Yinzhen was falsely accused. And in 1709, Yinzheng again becomes crown prince with the support of the 4th and 13th brothers. In 1712, Kangxi made his last inspection trip to the southern provinces. In the absence of his father, Yinzheng had to conduct business in the capital. He, with the help of his supporters, began to challenge his father’s power. He made an attempt to force his father to give up power when he returned to Beijing . However, Kangxi knew in advance about the impending coup and managed to prevent it. He again stripped Inzheng of his titles and placed him under house arrest. In addition, he stated that he would no longer appoint the crown prince, but would place his will in a box in the palace of Heavenly Purity , which should be opened after his death. 13-й принц Иньсян также был помещен под домашний арест, как сторонник Иньжэна. Восьмой принц Иньсы также был лишен всех титулов, но смог вернуть их через несколько лет. 14-й принц Иньти, который, как думали многие, был наиболее вероятным преемником императора, был послан на войну. Восьмой принц Иньсы, девятый принц Иньтан и десятый принц Инье заверили Иньти в своей поддержке. Вечером 20 декабря перед смертью император вызвал семерых сыновей (3-го, 4-го, 8-го, 9-го, 10-го, 16-го и 17-го принцев) и главного командира жандармерии Пекина Лункодо к себе. Лункодо прочитал завещание и провозгласил Иньчжэня наследником трона. По легенде, Иньчжэнь исправил завещание отца, заменив иероглифы 14 на 4. Для этого нужно было только подставить в иероглифы 14 всего одну черту. По некоторым данным, Иньчжэнь за несколько месяцев договаривался с Лункодо о военном захвате власти в случае смерти отца. Однако легенда о изменении завещания не выглядит убедительной. Иероглиф, на который слово «четырнадцатый» было легко заменить, нечасто использовался в империи Цин . В официальных документах для обозначения слова «четвёртый» использовался другой иероглиф, на который слово «четырнадцатый» заменить нельзя. Кроме того, официальные документы династии Цин составлялись как на китайском, так и на маньчжурском языке, слова которого было заменить также невозможно.

Иньчжэнь сменил девиз правления на слово, сходное с его собственным именем — Юнчжэн (Гармоничное и справедливое). Первым своим указом император освободил из заключения 13-го принца Иньсяна, своего давнего союзника, арестованного одновременного вместе с кронпринцем. Иньсян, наиболее знакомый с военным делом, немедленно вызвал военный отряд из Фэнтая , взявший под контроль Запретный Город и окрестности, чтобы предотвратить узурпацию власти группировкой восьмого принца Иньсы. Сам Иньчжэнь после смерти отца был не в себе. После оглашения завещания чиновники пригласили других принцев для церемонии трёх земных поклонов и девяти приветствий новому императору. На следующий день император Юнчжэн издал указ, повелевающий 14-му принцу Иньти явиться из Цинхая по поводу награждения их общей матери титулом святой матери императрицы-вдовы. В первой биографии императора Юнчжэна, составленной Фэном Эрканом, говорится, что были некоторые подозрительные признаки, но, в целом, Юнчжэн получил трон законным путём, хотя с военными и политическими усилиями, которые были необходимы в создавшейся ситуации. Восьмой принц Иньсы подкупил чиновников, и его влияние проникло в отряд из Фэнтая . Кроме того, Фэн также заявляет в своей работе, что политические противники Юнчжэна сделали всё, чтобы очернить репутацию нового императора. Придя к власти, Юнчжэн, созвал правящий совет в составе восьмого принца Иньсы, 13-го принца Иньсяна, чиновника и историка Чжана Тинъюя, чиновника Ма Ци и Лункодо. Иньсы был дарован титул принц Лянь, Иньсяну — принца И. оба заняли важнейшие должности в стране. Будучи императором, Юнчжэн продолжал видеть во всех своих братьях соперников в борьбе за трон. Старший брат Иньши находился под домашним арестом. Бывший кронпринц Иньжэн умер через два года после начала правления брата. Наибольшие беспокойства были связаны с партией восьмого брата Иньсы, куда входили также девятый и десятый принцы, а также 14-й принц Иньти. Иньсы, который номинально занимал должность министра по делам вассалов, также имел титул принца Лянь, позже стал первым министром, находился под пристальным контролем Юнчжэна . Девятый принц Иньтан был послан в Цинхай под предлогом военной службы. Но на самом деле он прибыл на территорию, подконтрольную ставленнику Юнчжэна Нянь Гэняо. Десятый принц Инье был лишен всех титулов и отослан на север, в регион Шуньи в мае 1724 года. Родной брат Юнчжэна, четырнадцатый принц Иньти, помещен под арест на территории комплекса гробниц под предлогом охраны гробницы родителей. Иньсы хотел использовать своё положение, чтобы манипулировать ошибками Юнчжэна, внешне выказывая поддержку. Иньсы и Иньтан, девятый принц, были лишены титулов и заключены в тюрьму, где умерли от болезней в 1726 году.

• «Поразительное на каждом шагу» (Startling by Each Step /Bu Bu Jing Xin), телевизионный сериал производства КНР
• «Дворец» / Gong / Jade Palace, телевизионный сериал КНР

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