The parliamentary elections in Lithuania in 1992 , the first in the post-Soviet history of the republic, were held in two rounds on October 25 and November 15 . [1] At the same time as the first round, a referendum was held on the adoption of the Constitution of Lithuania . Elections were held in accordance with the provisions of the new election law adopted on July 19, 1992, which introduced a mixed electoral system . [2] In Lithuania, unlike, for example, Estonia, suffrage was granted to the Russian minority .
← 1990  1996 → | |||
| Legislative Election in Lithuania | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania | |||
| October 25 and November 15, 1992 | |||
| Voter turnout | 75.29% (first round); 64.76% (second round) | ||
 |  | ||
| Party head | Algirdas Brazauskas | Vytautas Landsbergis | |
| The consignment | Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party | Sayudis | |
| Seats received | 73 ( ▲ 27) | 30 ( ▼ 61) | |
| Votes | 817 332 (43.98%) | 393,502 (21.17%) | |
| Past number of seats | 46 [~ 1] | 91 [~ 2] | |
| Election result | 4 parties overcame the 4% barrier. The Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania received a parliamentary majority and formed a new government. | ||
Content
Election Law
According to the Law on Elections of July 19, 1992, 141 deputies of the Sejm were elected according to a mixed system: 71 in single-member constituencies and 70 from parties, movements and coalitions in a multi-member constituency. To recognize elections in a multi-member constituency as valid, at least 25% of registered voters had to take part in them, and in single-member constituencies - at least 40%. In single-member districts, a candidate was considered elected for whom at least half of the voters who participated in the vote voted. If no candidate received the required number of votes, then the second round was appointed, in which the candidates who took the first two places went out. The parties, movements and coalitions that put forward their list in a multi-member constituency needed to overcome the four percent barrage barrier. An exception was made for organizations of national minorities.
Campaign
In total, 24 parties, coalitions and political movements took part in the elections. The organizations of the Lithuanian Consultative Assembly and the Sobriety Movement of Bishop M. Valančius did not form their lists, confining themselves to nominating candidates in single-mandate constituencies. The main contenders for the victory were Sajudis , led by Vytautas Landsbergis , who at that time was undergoing a transformation from the broad mass movement for independence into a nationalist conservative party, and the Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania led by Algirdas Brazauskas , created as a result of the transformation of the Communist Party of Lithuania (independent) into a social democratic organization. Sayudis, who came to power in the February 1990 elections , was harshly criticized for the decline in the Lithuanian economy and the decline in living standards as a result of market reforms. The ex-communists who opposed him called for a slowdown in the pace of reform and an improvement in relations with Russia . [2]
Election Results
| Parties | original name | Vote | % | Places | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| By lists | By district | Total | ||||
| Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party | lit. Lietuvos demokratine darbo partija | 817 332 | 43.98 | 36 | 37 | 73 |
| Coalition "Sayudis" [~ 1] : Lithuanian Sayudis Movement Charter of Lithuanian Citizens Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners Lithuanian Green Party | lit. Sajudzio koalicija : lit. Lietuvos Sąjūdis lit. Lietuvos Respublikos piliečių chartija lit. Lietuvos politinių kalinių sąjunga lit. Lietuvos žalioji partija | 393,502 | 21.17 | 17 | 13 | thirty |
| Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party [~ 2] Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and Exiles [~ 3] Lithuanian Democratic Party [~ 4] | lit. Lietuvos krikščionių demokratų partija lit. Lietuvos politinių kalinių ir tremtinių sąjunga lit. Lietuvos demokratų partija | 234,368 | 12.61 | ten | eight | 18 |
| Lithuanian Social Democratic Party | lit. Lietuvos Socialdemokratų Partija | 112 410 | 6.05 | five | 3 | eight |
| Christian Democratic Union [~ 5] "Young Lithuania" [~ 6] | lit. Krikščionių demokratų sąjunga lit. Jaunoji lietuva | 66 027 | 3,55 | - | one | one |
| Lithuanian Centrist Union | lit. Lietuvos centro sąjunga | 46 910 | 2,52 | - | 2 | 2 |
| Union of Poles of Lithuania | lit. Lietuvos lenku sajunga | 39,773 | 2.14 | 2 | 2 | four |
| Union of Lithuanian Nationalists [~ 7] Independence Party [~ 8] | lit. Lietuvių tautininkų sąjunga lit. Nepriklausomybės partija | 36 916 | 1.99 | - | four | four |
| Lithuanian Liberal Union | lit. Lietuvos liberalų sąjunga | 28 091 | 1.51 | - | - | - |
| Lithuanian Freedom League | lit. Lietuvos laisves lyga | 22 034 | 1.19 | - | - | - |
| National progress movement | lit. Tautos pazangos judejimas | 19,835 | 1,07 | - | - | - |
| Moderate movement | lit. Nuosaikiuju judejimas | 13 002 | 0.7 | - | - | - |
| Social Justice Movement | lit. Judejimas uz socialini teisinguma | 9 734 | 0.52 | - | - | - |
| Lithuanian Freedom Union | lit. Lietuvos laisves sajunga | 7 760 | 0.42 | - | - | - |
| Lithuanian Chernobyl Movement | lit. Lietuvos judejimas cernobylis | 4,827 | 0.26 | - | - | - |
| Lithuanian community | lit. Lietuvos sandrauga | 4 161 | 0.22 | - | - | - |
| Lithuanian patriotic union | lit. Lietuvos patriotu sajunga | 1,904 | 0.1 | - | - | - |
| Lithuanian Consultative Assembly | lit. Lietuvos konsultacinė asamblėja | - | - | - | - | |
| The sobriety movement of Bishop M. Valancius | lit. Judėjimas blaivybės vyskupas M. Valančius | - | - | - | - | - |
| Independent | - | - | - | one | one | |
| Invalid votes | 59,453 | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 1 918 027 | 100 | 70 | 71 | 141 | |
| Voter Registered / Turnout | 2,549,952 | 75.29 | (1st round) | 64.76 | (2nd round) | |
- ↑ Sayudis: 18 places, 11 of them in districts and 7 on the list; Charter: 2 places, both in districts: Union of political prisoners: 2 places, both on the list; Green: 0 places
- ↑ 6 places in counties
- ↑ 2 places in counties
- ↑ 0 places in counties
- ↑ 1st place in the district
- ↑ 0 places
- ↑ 3 places in counties
- ↑ 1st place in the district
The main result and, at the same time, the main surprise of the elections was the convincing victory of the Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania, which received more than half of the seats in the Sejm. Analysts attributed this victory, among other things, to the party’s support from the Russian and Polish minorities, peasants, and also the dissatisfaction of many Lithuanians with economic difficulties, in particular the lack of fuel, as Russia, the main supplier, cut supplies. [2] On November 25, A. Brazauskas was elected Chairman of the Sejm and Acting President of Lithuania. He held these positions until February 14, 1993 , when he was elected president following the first presidential elections in Lithuania . On December 2, 1992, DPTL candidate Bronislovas Lubis became the new Prime Minister of Lithuania .
Notes
- ↑ D. Nohlen, & P. Stöver. "Elections in Europe: A data handbook" , p1201. 2010. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ↑ 1 2 3 Inter-Parliamentary Union Report on 1992 Seimas Elections
Sources
- University of Essex : 1992 Parliamentary Elections
- Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania 1992-1996: Elections were held on 25 October - 15 November 1992