Bal Keshav Takarey ( Marath. बाळ केशव ठाकरे ; Eng. Balasaheb Keshav Thackeray ; January 23, 1926 , Pune [1] - November 17, 2012 , Mumbai [2] ), also known as Balasheb Takeri , sometimes Bala Thakre is an Indian journalist and right-wing politician . Founder and permanent leader of the influential Marathi Hindu party " Shiv Sena " (1966-2012). Extreme nationalist , active anti-communist and anti-Islamist . He had a strong political and administrative influence in the state of Maharashtra , in the second half of the 1990s he controlled the regional government. It is considered the authoritative ideologue of the Indian nationalist forces. Followers gave Thakery the nickname “Emperor of Hindu Hearts” [3] . In 2000, the BBC called him "the uncrowned monarch of Maharashtra."
Ball Tuckery | |
---|---|
marath केशव ठाकरे | |
Ball Tuckare (April 26, 2012) | |
Birth name | Bal Keshav Tuckery |
Aliases | Balasheb Tuckery |
Date of Birth | January 23, 1926 |
Place of Birth | Pune , Bombay Presidency , British India |
Date of death | November 17, 2012 (86 years) |
Place of death | Mumbai , India |
Citizenship | India |
Occupation | politician, founder and chairman of the Shiv Sena party |
Religion | Hinduism |
The consignment | Shiv hay |
Main ideas | Indian nationalism , anti-communism , anti-Islamism , Hindutwa |
Father | |
Spouse | Mina Tuckare |
Children | Bindumadhav Tuckers Jaidev Tuckery Uddhav Takeari |
Content
The ultra-right nationalist
Getting started in journalism
Born in the family of a famous writer and public figure Keshava Takarey, who spoke for the creation of a self-governing Maratha community with the capital in Bombay . From his youth, Tucker Jr. was inspired by this idea. In 1960 , after bloody clashes, the state of Bombay was divided by language into Maharashtra and Gujarat . The creation of Maharashtra in Maratha was a victory for the movement, in which father and son Takarei participated.
In his youth, Ball Tackarey worked as a cartoonist in the Bombay edition of the Free Press Journal . In 1960, he began to publish the daily newspaper Marmik . In the editorial office, he collaborated with trade union activist George Fernandez , a prominent figure in the socialist opposition, the future multiple minister. Right-wing nationalist Thakery and the socialist Fernandez differed in political views, but consolidated as professional journalists, opposition to the ruling INC .
Subsequently, on the basis of Marmik , Saamana ( Marathi language ) and Dopahar ka saamana ( Hindi language) party organs were created, which became the political mouthpieces of Takarey.
Led by " Shiv sen "
On June 19, 1966, Ball Tucker established the Shiv Sena Party. The ideological principles of the party were ultranationalism and anti-communism , the main practical task is to ensure the preferential rights of the indigenous people of the region and the maximum self-government of the state. The party actively opposed labor migration to Mumbai from other regions of the country - especially Gujarat and North India . Oratory data Takarey attracted a considerable number of unemployed youth in "Shiv Sena". Party activists attacked employers, organized beatings and arson, seeking employment priority for ethnic Marathas.
Shiv Sena, professing the Hindutwa ideology in the extreme nationalist version, was in tough opposition to the central government of the INC, led by Indira Gandhi . At the same time, the party waged an active struggle against the Communists, managing to oust the pro-Soviet KPI and the pro-Chinese KPI (M) from the bombing trade unions. In the confrontation with the communists, the Shiv Sena militants used violent methods. It is assumed that at this stage “Shiv Sena” enjoyed the tacit support of the INC, interested in weakening the Bombay communist organizations [4] .
In the USSR, it was Shiv Sena that was viewed as the “shock reaction squad” (information about it was usually given along with reports of “religious fanatics from the Ananda Marga sect”). This was facilitated by the speeches of Tucker in the spirit of ultra-right radicalism.
Yes, I am a dictator. We don't need a lot of leaders. India does not need democracy. I need my own Hitler.
Bal Tuckarey (Bala Thakre) [5]
A positive attitude to Hitler on the part of Takarey was repeatedly expressed [6] :
He was an artist. He had authority over the crowd. He was a daredevil. Yes, he committed many atrocities, there were both good and bad qualities in him. But I myself have both good qualities and bad ones.
Extremist attitudes and practices of “Shiv Sena”, as well as the authoritarian style of Takarey, did not contribute to coalition ties. It was significant that the head of the right opposition was Morarji Desai - in the 1950s, the chief minister of the state of Bombay, responsible for the reprisals against members of the Marathi movement. However, the party Takareya played a prominent role in the election campaign of the right-wing coalition and the victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 1977 parliamentary elections .
Power in Mumbai
By the mid-1990s, Shiv Sena and Ball Takeri personally had the greatest influence. In 1995, "Shiv Sena" in an alliance with the BDP won the election to the regional parliament of Mumbai. In 1995 - 1999, Takerii was the de facto head of the local government [7] , although he formally did not hold ministerial posts. It was then that Bombay was renamed Mumbai, in the order of topographic and general cultural nationalization.
On July 28, 1999, a court ruling suspended Bala Takarey from any elective office for a term of six years. The grounds were accusations of bribing voters. Tuckare did not plead guilty. He continued to speak from the standpoint of ethnoconfessional chauvinism , urging Hindus -maraths to seek preferential rights for public office.
Hindu Hindustan Ideologue
Tackarey’s Ball and his party were constantly accused of inciting sectarian strife and violence against Indian Muslims . Bombay pogroms took a particularly large scale in 1992-1993 . After 2001, Takery was positioned as a force opposing Islamist terrorism . He called for the creation of Hindu detachments of suicide squads:
Islamic terrorism is growing, and Hindu terrorism is becoming the only method of struggle. We need our suicide bombers to protect India [8] .
The appeal met a response among retired military men. Nationalist militants patrolled the Indo-Pakistan border. Takerey also called for the expulsion from India of illegal Muslim immigrants and the introduction of a visa regime with Bangladesh .
At the same time, Takerius denied accusations of inciting hatred and incitement to reprisals:
I am not against every Muslim. I am against those who do not obey the laws of the country in which he lives. I consider such traitors. But we must be friends with the Muslims who are part of our people [9] .
Takeury pointedly associated with Muslim protests against the terrorist attacks in Mumbai on July 11, 2006 and expressed admiration for them. But such statements did not change the principal installation of Takarey and his party: “Hindustan for the Hindus!” [10]
In 2008, Takeri headed a campaign for the establishment of quotas of state service in Maharashtra for the indigenous population of the state. This position led to riots and clashes between the people of Mumbai and the people of Bihar . To stabilize the situation required the intervention of the central government. Representatives of the authorities in their speeches equated "Shiv Sena" with terrorist movements. The “outrageous behavior” of Takarei led to a split in the party leadership and the separation of the Delhi organization.
Against Valentine's Day
Takeury and Shiv Sena fought not only against communism and Islam , but also against Western cultural influences that were “alien to Hinduism”. In particular, nationalist militants attacked those celebrating Valentine's Day . The Mumbai incident on February 14, 2006 received the greatest response. Takey were forced to apologize for the actions of their activists [11] :
It is said that women were beaten. If this really happened, then there is cowardice. I ordered that women should never be persecuted and humiliated.
However, Takeri continued to oppose the celebration of February 14th. This question is of fundamental importance for Hindu nationalists [12] .
Demise Political relevance
In one way or another, almost all members of the Bal Takeray family were in the Shiv Sena party. In the mid-2000s, there was a conflict between the son of the founder of the party, Udhav, and his nephew, Raj. Leadership in "Shiv Sena" inherited Udhav Tuckers. Raj Tuckarei established a new party, the ideological authority of which is also considered Tucker Ball.
The news of the death of Bal Takareya led to the closure of the offices and commercial institutions of Mumbai. Troops and state police were on high alert. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh urged to remain calm and paid tribute to the merits of Tuckarei (his political opponent).
The funeral of Bal Takeray on November 18, 2012 had state status. Present, according to various estimates, several million people (called the numbers from 1 to 20 million). It was noted that the previous funeral of official public status in Bombay-Mumbai took place in 1920 , when the national hero of India, Ball Tilak , died [13] .
Tuckare's Ball is considered a kind of " guru " of Indian right-wing forces [14] Among the politicians who expressed grief at his death, the then head of the government of Gujarat Narendra Modi — the winner of the 2014 parliamentary elections and the sixteenth prime minister of India — was prominent.
Notes
- ↑ Roar of the Tiger . Daily News and Analysis (DNA) . The date of circulation is January 23, 2011. Archived January 9, 2013.
- ↑ Bal Thackeray, Shiv Sena supremo, dies Times of India 17 November 2012
- ↑ Ram Puniyani. Contours of Hindu Rashtra: Hindutva, Sangh Parivar, and Contemporary Politics . - Gyan Publishing House, 1 January 2006. - p. 123. - ISBN 978-81-7835-473-6 .
- ↑ Leader who brought ethnic Mumbai to melting pot
- ↑ I. Shchedrov. And the waters of the Ganges cannot be entered twice. M .: Mol.gv., 1976
- ↑ The Indian who admires Adolf Hitler
- ↑ Know your party: Shiv Sena
- ↑ The Firebrand Who Renamed Bombay: Bal Thackeray (1926–2012)
- ↑ Tod von Hindu-Nationalist Thackeray: Religion, Show, Hass
- ↑ Hindustan of Hindus my dream: Thackeray
- ↑ Thackeray condemns V-Day attacks by Sainiks
- ↑ Thackeray suggests Indian version of V-Day
- ↑ State funeral for Bal Thackeray, calm city lines up (inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is May 19, 2014. Archived October 29, 2013.
- ↑ Indians have chosen market nationalism
Links
- Profile on the BBC website
- Bal Thackeray: The Tiger who can't be tamed - an article in the Hindustan Times
- Shiv Sena Informational piece circulated during the 2004 election year