The Armenian Market (also known as Armenian Square , Armenian Market Square or Armenian Market Square [1] ) is the square in the old part of the city. The largest area of Kamenetz-Podolsk [2] , located in the once-existing Armenian quarter [1] .
| Armenian market | |
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| Kamenetz-Podolsky | |
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| general information | |
| A country |
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| Former names | 1. Armenian market 2. Cathedral Square 3. Governor Square 4. Placental Square 5. Nikolaevskaya Square 6. Red Square 7. Square them. L. Trotsky 8. Soviet Square |
History
Armenians in the city of Kamyanets-Podilsky settled according to various sources in XI [3] [4] [5] - XIII century . In the 17th century , there were 1,200 Armenian families in the city [4] . Constituting a significant part of the population of the city of Kamenetz-Podolsky , Armenians were involved in its cultural, economic and military life. Armenians mainly settled in the southeastern part of the city; still in the city there is a quarter known among the locals as Armenian. The Armenian magistrate and the main churches were located here, not preserved to this day, and the center of trade activity was located here - the Armenian market [1] , which was the center of trade where caravans from all over the world arrived [6] .
At the beginning of the XIX century , after the city became part of the Russian Empire, the name of the square changed: instead of the Armenian market, it became known as the Cathedral Square , which takes its name from the name of the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist Church. After that, the square, from the palace and office of the Podolsk governor located here, became known as the Governor’s office. At the beginning of the 20th century , the square, in honor of Tsar Nicholas I , was renamed Nikalaevskaya . In addition, due to the fact that the square often played the role of a parade ground, on which various parades were held, it was sometimes called the Parachute Parade . With the establishment of Soviet power in the city, it was renamed Red Square , and after some time was named the Square. Leo Trotsky . However, already on December 20, 1927 , by the decision of the presidium of the Kamenz-Podolsk City Council, the square was renamed Sovetskaya Square . 43 years later, on September 11, 1990 , the Presidium of the City Council returned the square its most ancient name - the Armenian market [6]
Located objects
There are a number of administrative buildings in the Armenian Market Square. At the corner of the square was the palace of the Armenian Bishop (XV century), which is now a department of the museum with a collection of idols in the courtyard. directly above the square hangs the bell tower of the Armenian Cathedral [2] .
Other Facts
In terms of the number of names recorded, the Armenian market exceeds the Kiev European area , which had only seven names. However, the three-volume “Book of Records of Ukraine” did not hit the Armenian market , but the Kiev European Square [6] .
Gallery
View of the Armenian market
View of Armenian Square
Commemorative plaque S. Petlyure
Residential building number 9 on the square. Armenian market
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Historical connections and friendship of the Ukrainian and Armenian peoples. - Yerevan: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, 1971. - Vol. 3. - p. 292-293.Original text (rus.)Historical connections and friendship of the Ukrainian and Armenian peoples: - Volume 3 - Page 292
Armenians settled mainly in the south-eastern part of the city; there is still a quarter known among the local population called Armenian. The Armenian magistrate was located here (unfortunately, not preserved) and the main churches, and the center of the colony’s trade activities, including the Armenian market, was also located there. This part of the city, up to the present, basically retains its medieval appearance.
f) The entire population of Kamyanets-Podilsky (as, incidentally, of other ancient cities) was obliged to participate by their own means in the construction and maintenance of city fortifications, which constituted a very complex fortification system. Specific groups of residents, one way or another united in any organization, had under their guardianship certain elements of fortifications, which received the appropriate names, say: Pottery, Kushnirskaya (Furrier), Kravetskaya (Tailor), Reznitskaya towers, named after those workshops, the dependents of which they were built and maintained. Armenians also contributed to the common cause of the defense of the city; The monument of this contribution is the well-preserved Armenian bastion, towering to the southeastern edge of the city, directly at the city gates, above the ancient (so-called Turkish) bridge, which still connects the city with the castle
Among the monuments available here, we consider it necessary to single out the following:
a) The Armenian Trading House, which is a kind of commercial exchange, and at the same time a merchant meeting. This beautifully preserved building was erected at the turn of the XVI and XVII centuries. It occupies the northwestern corner of the Armenian Quarter and is clearly visible from the ancient Armenian Market Square (now Sovetskaya Square), representing the architectural key of the ensemble. The northern facade of the building is decorated with a magnificent portal in the Renaissance style; the high roof has a hall characteristic of baroque architecture (obviously, it acquired its modern look in the 18th century).
b) Nearby, to the south, there is a high and architecturally spectacular bell tower of the Armenian Cathedral, connected with a trading house by a high stone wall with internal rooms. This four-tiered structure, topped with five figured domes — one high central and four small corners, was built in the 16th century. It is the architectural dominant of the ensemble and is easily visible from everywhere, playing a very significant role in the overall silhouette of the city.
c) The Cathedral itself, unfortunately, has not reached us. Only ruins are left of it, which, however, make a deep impression on the viewer with their romance. It was one of the oldest churches of Kamyanets-Podilsky. It was founded in 1398 by Sinan, the son of Kotlubey. Originally the church was wooden, but in the XV century. built a stone building in the traditional forms of Armenian church architecture, topped with an octahedral dome. Around the building from three sides were covered galleries. In the second half of the 17th century, during the bombing of Kamenetz by the Turks, the church suffered, but was restored in the 18th century. Dismantled in the 30s of our century. The western portal has been well preserved to this day with three openings ending in arches supported by round columns with Romanesque capitals. On the inside between the openings there are small consoles with diverging bundles of nerves that once supported the Gothic arches of the three main ships of the building. The staircase, which led to the choir, also survived; now it is a kind of viewing platform. Together with the bell tower picturesquely loom ruins against the background of trees growing inside, on the square of the destroyed cathedral
d) The south-western part of the Armenian quarter occupies the house of a rich merchant with warehouses. It has powerful walls, made of rubble stone and windows with stone tiles. This building represents an extremely valuable sample of residential buildings of the XVI century e) Blagoveshchenskaya (later - Nikolaevskaya) church is located near the Armenian quarter, opposite its southeast corner. This miniature single-nave church, very simple and laconic in its plan and construction, is perhaps the oldest surviving building in Kamenets-Podolsky1. Perhaps it was built back in the 13th century, according to legend, even before the Mongol invasion. Unfortunately, we do not have accurate data on the time of the church building. The first mention of it in written sources falls on the XVII century. (then there was an Armenian nunnery with her); However, the architecture and construction equipment of the building leave no doubt about its deep antiquity. - ↑ 1 2 Ilya Buyanovsky. Armenian market . mir.travel. The date of circulation is November 17, 2012. Archived January 8, 2013.
- ↑ E.V. Mazurik. XVII century Armenian hospital in Kamenets-Podolsky . Journal of History and Philology № 2. p. 225. ISSN 0135-0536 (1982). The appeal date is April 12, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
Armenians settled in Kamyanets-Podilsky for the first time in the 11th century. In the 12th — 14th centuries, as a result of the devastating raids of Persians and Turks on Armenia, large groups of Armenians found shelter in Kamenets.
- ↑ 1 2 S. Shkurko. Armenian architectural monuments in the city of Kamenets-Podolsk . Historical and philological journal number 2. pp. 233-243. (1968). The date of circulation is November 17, 2012. Archived January 8, 2013.
- ↑ I.S. Vinokur, H.M. Khotyun / Kamyanets-Podilsky daring history-architectural zapovidnyk / Ed. "Kamenyar," 1981; p.84 - Total pages: 95 Original text (rus.)Armenians settled in Kamenets, as chronicles indicate, in the second half of the 11th century. They settled the center of the southern part of the Old Town. In the XVI - XVII century. The Armenian community played a significant role in the development of the town’s crafts and trade. The Armenian market was located on the Governor’s (now Soviet) Square. Defense structures, commercial stone buildings and storage facilities, residential and religious buildings have been preserved in this area even today.
- ↑ 1 2 3 O.V. Budzey . Armenian market (Inaccessible link) . Podolyanin (November 23, 2003). The date of circulation is November 17, 2012. Archived January 8, 2013.