Abu-l-Hajjaj Mujahid ibn Jabr al-Makki ( Arabic: مجاهد بن جبر ; 645 , Mecca - 723 , Mecca ) - one of the most famous and respected scholars among the Tabievs , imams in the field of tafsir , hadiths , Islamic law ( fiqh ) and recitation of the Qur'an ( kiraats ).
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Biography
He was born during the reign of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab . He was a Persian by birth. Some historians ranked him among the freedmen of the Banu Mahzum tribe, but there are other opinions on this [1] .
Mujahid died in 723 in Mecca. According to the message of Abu Nuaym , he lost his spirit during the bow of the earth in prayer [2] .
Theological activities
He studied theology with many associates, but most of all referred to Abdullah ibn Abbas , from whom he learned to read and interpret the Qur'an , hadiths and Sharia norms [3] . According to Mujahid, it is reported that he read the Qur'an to Ibn Abbas three times, stopping after each ayah and asking him about the reasons for his sending [4] . The Mujahid also narrated the hadith from the words' Ali ibn Abu Talib , Ubayya ibn Ka'ba, Ibn Umar , Abu Khurayra , 'Aisha , Jabir ibn' Abdullah, Sa'da ibn Abu Wakkas , Abu Sa'id al-Khudri , Umm Sala and others. Such distinguished readers as Ibn Qasir al-Dari, Abu Amr ibn al-Al and Ibn Muhaysin were trained by him in the Qur'an. The hadiths told him: 'Amr ibn Dinar, Au az-Zubayr, al-Hakam ibn Utaiba, Sulayman al-Amash , Ayyub as-Sahtiyani , Ibn Aun, Qatada ibn Diam , Khumaid al-Araj and others. Al-Shafii , Yahya Ibn Main , al-Bukhari and many others recognized him as a reliable and trustworthy transmitter [5] . In the "Sahih" of Imam al-Bukhari " there are many hadiths narrated from his words.
A Mujahid showed an enviable persistence in teaching religious sciences, traveled a lot in search of knowledge and collected traditions not only from Muslim ulama, but also from people of scripture [6] . By his own admission, at first he acquired knowledge without intention, and then Allah endowed him with (correct and pure) intention [7] . There is an opinion that he wrote the earliest collection of legends dedicated to the comments of the Koran.
In works on tafsir and in historical treatises one can find many strange stories connected with the name of Mujahid. Some of them report that he went on a journey as soon as he heard about some amazing place or event to personally verify this. It is reported that he went to Babylon . It is also reported that he went to Hadramaut to the bir velvet well [4] . The reports that in Babylon he found a Jewish guide who led him to the well in which the angels Harut and Marut were imprisoned do not deserve trust [8] . Most likely, they were composed by people who wanted to create around the person of Mujahid a halo of holiness and mystery.
Grades of Islamic Theologians
- Sufyan al-Sauri said: "Learn tafsir from four (scholars): Mujahid, Saeed ibn Jubair , 'Ikrim and ad-Dahhak ” [9] .
- Katada ibn Diam said: “Among those who survived, the most knowledgeable in tafsir matters is Mujahid” [5] .
- Ibn Juraj said: “Hearing (hadith) from Mujahid and saying what I heard from Mujahid is more desirable for me than my family and my property” [5] .
- Al-Amash said: “He was diligent in acquiring knowledge. And when he spoke, pearls seemed to scatter from his lips ” [5] .
- Salama ibn Kuhayil said: “I have not met anyone who would acquire this knowledge only for the sake of Allah, except for three: 'Ata, Mujahid and Tavus” [10] .
- Ibn Saad said: “He was a reliable transmitter, jurist, scholar and told many hadiths” [7] .
- Ibn Hibban said: “He was a scientist, shunned everything dubious, often worshiped a lot and was a God-fearing husband” [7] .
Notes
- ↑ Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. - Istanbul, 1992 .-- T. 31 .-- S. 458.
- ↑ Ibn Hibban. Sikat. - V. 5. - S. 419.
- ↑ İslam alimleri Ansiklopedisi. Türkiye Gazetesi Yayınları. - İstanbul, 1984. - T. 2. - S. 326—328.
- ↑ 1 2 Az-Zarkali. Al A'lam. - V. 5. - S. 278.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Az-Zahabi . Tazkira al-huffaz. - T. 1. - S. 92.
- ↑ Al-Zahabi. Siyar a'lam an-nubala. - T. 4. - S. 52.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ibn Hajar al-Ascalani . Tahzib at-tahzib. - T. 10. - S. 40.
- ↑ Al-Zahabi. Siyar a'lam an-nubala. - T. 4. - S. 56.
- ↑ Al-Zahabi. Siyar a'lam an-nubala. - T. 4. - S. 51.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar al-Ascalani . Tahzib at-tahzib. - T. 10. - S. 39.
Literature
- Mudjāhid b. Djabr al-Makkī / Rippin, A. // Encyclopaedia of Islam . 2 ed . - Leiden: EJ Brill , 1960-2005. (paid)
Links
- Curriculum Vitae of Mujahid ibn Jabr, // Islamweb.net .