The Anglican Cathedral in Christchurch ( New Zealand ) was built in the second half of the 19th century . It is located in Christchurch's city center , on . The cathedral houses the Department of in New Zealand, the ( Maori cultural direction ) of the .
| Cathedral | |
| Christchurch Cathedral | |
|---|---|
| Christchurch cathedral | |
 Christchurch Cathedral Square in 2006 | |
| A country |  New Zealand |
| City | Christchurch (city center) |
| Denomination | Anglicanism |
| Type of building | The cathedral |
| Architectural style | Neo-gothic |
| Architect | Benjamin mountfort |
| Established | December 16, 1864 |
| Construction | 1864 - 1904 |
| Key dates | |
| April 7, 1983 - registered by the Foundation to protect New Zealand's historic sites as a historical place of category I | |
| Status | protected by the state |
| condition | Dismantled |
| Website | www.christchurchcathedral.co.nz |
In February 2011, the spire and part of the bell tower of the cathedral were destroyed as a result of the earthquake . The rest of the buildings were partially damaged. The cathedral was damaged earlier, as a result of the earthquakes of 1881, 1888, 1901, 1922 and 2010 .
In 2012, at the end of March, work began on the demolition of the cathedral [1] . A temporary cathedral was built for parishioners of the church [2] .
Content
History
The history of Christchurch Cathedral begins with the plans of the to build a city around the cathedral and college in the Canterbury region . The cathedral was planned to be built in the image of the English in Oxford . , the first , arrived in New Zealand in 1856 and began to develop a project to build the cathedral. In 1858, the project was approved by the diocese and commissioned by , a British architect known for his neo - Gothic churches and public buildings. He later developed a design for St Pancras Station in London and a design for in Edinburgh , Scotland . Scott had never been to New Zealand and handed over control of the project to [3]
The cornerstone was laid on December 16, 1864, but due to financial problems construction was suspended for the period from 1865 to 1873. At the beginning of construction, Christchurch was a small village (there were only 450 men living in it) and raising funds for the construction was not easy. Contemporaries expressed their disappointment at the lack of progress - the writer Anthony Trollop visited the city in 1872 and described the construction of the cathedral as “vain foundations” and “huge failure” [3] .
In 1873, the new architect, New Zealander Benjamin Mountfort , took over the project and construction resumed. Mountfort changed the Scottish design, adding balconies on the bell tower and the western porch and some decorative details - font, pulpit and stained glass windows [3] . The initial plans for the construction of the wooden structure were changed in connection with the opening of a local quarry, which gave a stone of good quality. The wood growing on the Banks Peninsula Totars and was used for rafters [4] .
The nave of the cathedral, 30 meters high, and the bell tower were consecrated on November 1, 1881, but the transepts , the altar and the sanctuary were not completed until 1904 [4] . Christchurch Landscaping Society planted two plane trees south of the cathedral in 1898 [4] .
The Rhodes family, who arrived in Canterbury before the , sponsored the construction of a bell tower and spire. allocated funds for the construction of the bell tower of the cathedral in memory of his brother George; money for the steeple was allocated by the children of George Rhodes. As a result, the spire of the cathedral reached 63 meters in height, and access open to the public allowed you to admire the view of the central part of the city from the observation deck of the spire. As a result of earthquakes, the spire was damaged four times. In the bell tower of the cathedral at first were 10 bells, the production of which was ordered by from Loughborough . Bells were installed in 1881. The original bells in 1978 were replaced by 13 new bells ordered from the same company [5] .
In 1894, the widow of in memory of him organized the construction of the western porch [6] . On the south side of the nave, a memorial window appeared in memory of her first husband [7] .
In 2006-2007, the cathedral underwent a major overhaul, including the original shingles being replaced.
Earthquakes
A large number of earthquakes occurred in the Canterbury region, and, like many buildings in Christchurch, the cathedral was damaged to one degree or another as a result of these earthquakes.
- 1881
- The stone was knocked out of a pommel, directly under the cross, as a result of an earthquake in late 1881, a month after the consecration of the cathedral [8] .
- 1888
- About 8 meters of masonry collapsed as a result of the on September 1, 1888. The stone spire was restored [8] .
- 1901
- The upper part of the spire fell again as a result of the on November 16, 1901 in Cheviot. This time, the masonry was replaced by a more stable structure of Australian hardwood, sheathed with copper, with an internal damper [8] . The repair was sponsored by the Rhodes family.
- 1922
- One of the stone crosses fell from the cathedral during an on December 25, 1922. [9]
- 2010
- On September 4, some surface damage occurred as a result of the earthquake and the cathedral was closed for engineering inspections until September 22, 2010, when it was deemed safe for parishioners [10] . Some additional damage to the cathedral was caused during the “ Boxing Day aftershock,” December 26 [11] .
- February 2011
- On February 22, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 caused significant damage to the cathedral and surrounding buildings. The spire of the cathedral, which stood during the September earthquake, was completely destroyed. Only the lower half remained from the bell tower of the cathedral. While the walls and roof of the cathedral remained mostly untouched, the ridge of the roof on the western pediment was damaged, and the roof over the western part of the northern chapel, closer to the bell tower, collapsed [12] . Further inspections showed that the pillars supporting the building were seriously damaged and additional studies of building damage were needed to determine if restoration of the cathedral at this site is possible [13] .
- According to preliminary reports, at the time of the earthquake, 20 people were in the bell tower [14] [15] [16] . However, as a result of subsequent careful searches, search and rescue teams did not find the bodies of the dead [17] .
- June 2011
- The cathedral suffered significant damage as a result of an earthquake of magnitude 6.4. The western rose window fell inside the cathedral [18] , in connection with which the question arose: “... should the cathedral be baptized and demolished” [19] .
- December 2011
- The cathedral again suffered significant damage as a result of a on December 23, the strongest of which was magnitude 6.0. As a result of this earthquake, the window-rose was completely destroyed [20] .
Interior
The tall made of agatis wood. Material was taken from an old bridge over . Six figures are carved on the screen: , Archdeacon , , Bishop , Bishop and Bishop 21] .
The department was designed by Maunford in memory of George Augustus Selwin, the first bishop of New Zealand. Mountford also designed the font, which was donated by from Westminster Abbey in memory of his brother, captain Owen Stanley . He served on the brig , which sailed to Acaroa in 1840 [5] .
The cathedral contains the throne and a monument to Bishop , the first bishop of Christchurch and the second , who laid the cornerstone in the foundation of the cathedral in 1864 and consecrated it in 1881 [22] .
Stones from the Canterbury Cathedral , , , Herod ’s Cathedral, St. Paul’s Cathedral and Christ Church College in Oxford [23] are laid in the western porch.
On the north wall there are panels of inlaid marble and multi-colored tiles donated by the Cathedral Guild in 1885, with swastika ornaments (cross Filfot ). The memorial window above the painting was presented in memory of the baronet , Sir [5] .
Chapel of St. Michael and St. George was discovered by the Governor General , Sir Bernard Freiberg on Armistice Day (November 6, 1949) and was dedicated to Archbishop [24] .
Cultural Heritage
On April 7, 1983, the cathedral was registered by the Foundation for the Protection of Historic Sites of New Zealand as a Category I historic site, number 46. This is the only cathedral designed by George Gilbert Scott in New Zealand. Mountfort had a significant impact on the design of the project. The cathedral is the main landmark and attraction for tourists, for many it symbolizes the ideals of the first settlers. It contains many memorial tablets, memorial windows and other cultural values. The cathedral acts as a reminder of the first settlers and the history of the region [25] .
Demolition
On October 28, 2011, it was announced that the damaged cathedral would be ( secularized ) and at least partially demolished [26] . At that time, it was not determined whether any part of the damaged building would be saved, and whether it would then be included in the new building; this depended on the state of the preserved materials and had to be solved in the course of the work [27] . Christchurch Cathedral was baptized on November 9, 2011 [28] .
On March 2, 2012, Bishop announced that the cathedral would be carefully dismantled without the use of heavy special equipment [29] [30] . She questioned the safety of the building and stated that rebuilding the cathedral could cost 50 million New Zealand dollars more than can be obtained from insurance and, therefore, the construction of a new cathedral in this place is also in question [31] .
(CERA) supported demolition for safety reasons [32] . The decision was also supported by 70 local churches and Christian communities [33] .
Objections
Objections were received against the demolition of the cathedral, including from the UNESCO World Heritage Committee . Ian Channel, the official , also protested and called for the preservation of the cathedral. [34]
, an American , an international expert who worked in many earthquake-affected regions, studied the condition of the cathedral after the September 2010 earthquake . He, referring to his experience, expressed the opinion that the restoration and strengthening of the building was both “possible and affordable” [31] . He commented on plans to demolish 50% of the buildings in the central area by April 2012:
This is unbelievable! Such a massive demolition was not even in Haiti. Here, the total loss is not more than 20%, including buildings of poor quality and most affected by seismic activity.
Original textEven in Haiti, where I have spent a lot of time, only 20% of the buildings have come down. It is a very high number in Christchurch- Keith Miyamoto [35] [36]
In April 2012, a team of engineers from the New Zealand Earthquake Engineering Society signed an appeal to enlist the support of 100 colleagues and stop the demolition of the cathedral. They stated that they did not exclude appeals to the judiciary. [37] At the same time, a working group was formed to restore Christchurch Cathedral, which began to collect signatures in support of the preservation of the cathedral [38] [39] .
Process
In late March 2012, work began on the demolition of the cathedral. At the initial stage of the work, the dismantling of windows and the bell tower included [40] .
By April 23, 2012, stained-glass windows were dismantled on nine windows and work began on the gradual dismantling of masonry in the chapel [41] .
Temporary Cathedral
The temporary cathedral, designed by architect Shigeru Ban , with a capacity of about 700 people, should be built by the end of 2012. Reinforced concrete at the base, cardboard, wood and steel supports were used as building materials for the cathedral [42] . The cost of a cardboard temple is estimated at 4.1 million New Zealand dollars. This building will be used as a church until a major building is erected. The service life of a temporary temple is estimated to be at least 20 years [43] .
The construction site of the temporary temple at the corner of Hereford Street and Madras Street, a few blocks from Cathedral Square, was consecrated in April 2012. [44] The construction of the temporary temple began on July 24, 2012 [45] .
See also
Notes
- ↑ Work on cathedral demolition under way . nzherald.co.nz. Date of treatment November 11, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Britons back restoring quake-hit cathedral . nzherald.co.nz. Date of treatment November 11, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Cathedral History (inaccessible link) . Christchurch Cathedral. Date of treatment November 11, 2012. Archived April 6, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 3 The Cathedrals of Christchurch . Christchurch City Libraries. Date of treatment November 11, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 The Nave - Northern Side / Inside the Cathedral / About / Home . ChristChurch Cathedral (1 November 1981). Date of treatment March 2, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Smith, Jo-Anne Watts Russell, Elizabeth Rose Rebecca - Biography . Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (updated 1 September 2010). Date of treatment November 12, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ The Nave - Southern Side . ChristChurch Cathedral. Date of treatment March 2, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Cathedral no stranger to quake damage (English) (February 22, 2011). Date of treatment November 12, 2012.
- ↑ Our Shaky History . Environment Canterbury. Date of treatment November 12, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Cathedral re-opens after clearance" . Anglicantaonga.org.nz (September 22, 2010). Date of treatment November 12, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Decision Reached on the Christchurch Cathedral . Media release . Diocese of Christchurch (October 28, 2011). Date of treatment November 12, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ First look inside collapsed Christchurch Cathedral . BBC News (February 22, 2011). Date of treatment November 12, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Cathedral damage worse than feared (28 May 2011). Date of treatment November 13, 2012.
- ↑ 65 dead in devastating Christchurch quake . (February 23, 2011). Date of treatment November 13, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Audio from Tuesday February 22, 2011 (Interview). Radio New Zealand . Date of treatment November 12, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ We may be witnessing New Zealand's darkest day: PM says 65 killed in quake . The Sydney Morning Herald (February 22, 2011). Date of treatment November 12, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Christchurch quake: 'No bodies' in cathedral rubble (English) , BBC News (March 5, 2011). Date of treatment November 13, 2012.
- ↑ Landmarks suffer further damage , Stuff.co.nz (15 June 2011). Date of treatment June 15, 2011.
- ↑ Gates, Charlie. Cathedral future now uncertain . The Press (June 16, 2011). Date of treatment September 24, 2011. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Swarm of quakes hits Christchurch - national . Stuff.co.nz (December 23, 2011). Date of treatment November 13, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ The Apse / Inside the Cathedral / About / Home . ChristChurch Cathedral. Date of treatment March 2, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ The ChristChurch Cathedral . Christchurch City Libraries. Date of treatment November 14, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ West Porch / Inside the Cathedral / About / Home . ChristChurch Cathedral. Date of treatment March 2, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ 125th Anniversary Campaign / Support Us / Home . ChristChurch Cathedral. Date of treatment November 14, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Cathedral Church of Christ (Anglican ) . New Zealand Historic Places Trust. Date of treatment November 14, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Charlie Gates. Christ Church Cathedral To Be Partially Demolished ... Stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Cathedral to be deconsecrated . Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Broken cathedral deconsecrated . Stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Christ Church Cathedral to be pulled down . Stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Christchurch Cathedral will be demolished a year after the earthquake . Rosbalt (March 02, 2012). Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Christchurch's quake-damaged cathedral to be demolished . Guardian News and Media Limited. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Christchurch cathedral to be demolished . Liturgy. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Church leaders back bishop . Stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Calls for protection as Cathedral demo crane arrives . New Zealand Herald. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Emily Sharpe. Christchurch's heritage faces demolition . The Art Newspaper (December 12, 2011). Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Greg Ward. Christchurch businesses still hit a year after quake . BBC News (September 2, 2011). Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Cathedral can be saved - engineers . Stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Restore Christ Schurch Cathedral . Restore Christchurch Cathedral Group. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Jarrod Booker. Anglicans mum on cathedral petition . The New Zealand Herald (April 21, 2012). Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Work on cathedral demolition under way . The Press. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Crane begins tower's demolition . Stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Work to start on cardboard cathedral . Stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ New Zealand will erect a cardboard cathedral . BBC Russian (April 16, 2012). Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Site blessed for cardboard cathedral . stuff.co.nz. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
- ↑ Underway at last . ChristChurch Cathedral. Date of treatment November 18, 2012. Archived December 30, 2012.
Links
- christchurchcathedral.co.nz - official site of Christchurch Cathedral
- The steeple on the skyline, gone after 130 years ( February 23, 2011). Date of treatment November 11, 2012. News and aerial photography of the spire.
- New Zealand earthquake strikes Christchurch, killing at least 65 people ( February 22, 2011). Date of treatment November 11, 2012. View of the cathedral after the earthquake.