The longhorn shark [1] ( lat. Scylliogaleus quecketti ) is the only species of cartilaginous fish of the genus of longhorn sharks of the family of marten sharks of the order Carchariformes . It lives in the southwestern part of the Indian Ocean . Propagated by placental live birth . Maximum recorded length 102 cm (female). There is no danger to humans. It does not have commercial value. Only 30 specimens of these sharks are known [2] [3] .
| Lonely shark |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Gender: | Saponid Sharks ( Scylliogaleus Boulenger , 1902 ) |
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| International scientific name |
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Scylliogaleus quecketti Boulenger , 1902 |
| Area |
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| Security status |
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Vulnerable speciesIUCN 3.1 Vulnerable : 39360 |
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Original image of a longhorn shark (1902)
Content
The species was first scientifically described in 1902 [4] . The name of the genus comes from the words dr. Greek. Σκύλλα - “shark” and Greek. γαλεός - “cunya shark”. The species is named after F.J. Quickett, curator of the Durban Museum of Natural History , who provided material for research [5] .
The longhorn sharks have a very limited range. They live in the western Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa (from the northeast of the Eastern Cape to the north of KwaZulu-Natal ) near the coast in the surf zone [6] .
The longhorn sharks have a dull, short snout, rounded when viewed from above or below. Oval large eyes are elongated horizontally. There are protrusions under the eyes. The nostrils are framed by triangular folds of skin. The short mouth is widely curved in the form of an arch. At the corners of the mouth there are labial grooves. The upper furrows reach the level of the upper symphysis. The teeth are blunt and flat, with no teeth and lateral notches. The first dorsal fin is rather large, has a crescent shape. Its base is located between the bases of the pectoral and ventral fins. The second dorsal fin is almost equal to the first. The second half of its base is located above the base of the anal fin. Anal fin smaller than both dorsal fins. The lower lobe of the caudal fin is well developed in young sharks, in adults it is short. There is a ventral notch at the upper edge of the caudal fin. The dorsal surface of the body is gray, the belly is cream [6] [7] .
The longhorn sharks reproduce by placental live birth. In the litter from 2 to 4 cubs. Pregnancy lasts 9-10 months. Males and females reach puberty with a length of 70–89 cm and 80–102 cm. The length of newborns is 34 cm. The diet consists mainly of crustaceans and squid [6] [8] [9] .
The view is not dangerous to humans. Intensive fishing is carried out in the area. By- catch is caught in commercial fishing nets. These sharks are an object of recreational fishing. The meat is probably eaten. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assigned this species the status of “Vulnerable” [3] .
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 29 .-- 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ Saplings (English) in the FishBase database.
- ↑ 1 2 Scylliogaleus quecketti . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ↑ Boulenger GA 1902 (1 July) [ref. 566] Description of a new South-African galeid selachian. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London v. 10 (no. 55): 51-52
- ↑ Order CARCHARHINIFORMES (Ground Sharks ) . The ETYFish Project. Date of treatment January 23, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Compagno, LJV, 1979. Carcharhinoid sharks: morphology, systematics and phylogeny. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Stanford University, 932 p. Available from University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- ↑ Cjmpagno, LJV & Ebert, DA & Smale, MJ (1989) Guide to the sharks and rays of Southern Africa. New Holland Ltd., London 1989
- ↑ Bass, AJ, JD D'Aubrey and N. Kistnasamy, 1975b. Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. 4. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhyn chidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Invest.Rep.Oceanoar. Res. Inst., Durban, (39): 102 p.
- ↑ Fowler, SL, Cavanagh, RD, Camhi, M., Burgess, GH, Cailliet, GM, Fordham, SV, Simpfendorfer, CA and Musick, JA (comps and eds). 2005. Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras: The Status of the Chondrichthyan Fishes. Status Survey. pp. x + 461. IUCN / SSC Shark Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
- Species of the Longhorn Shark in the World Register of Marine Species .
