US Department of Energy National Laboratories

There are currently 17 National Laboratories in the United States:

• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1931
• Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1943)
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1943)
• Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne National Laboratory, 1946)
• Ames Laboratory ( en: Ames Laboratory , 1947)
• Brookhaven National Laboratory (1947)
• Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia National Laboratories, 1948, 1956)
• Idaho National Laboratory ( en: Idaho National Laboratory ; 1949)
• Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory ( en: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory ; 1951)
• Livermore National Laboratory (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1952)
• Savannah River Laboratory ( en: Savannah River National Laboratory ; 1952)
• National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 1962)
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (1965)
• National Accelerator Laboratory Enrico Fermi (Fermilab) (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1967)
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (1977)
• Jefferson Laboratory (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 1984)
• National Energy Technology Laboratory ( en: National Energy Technology Laboratory ; 1999)

The system of national laboratories was created by the Ministry of Energy (DoE) shortly after World War II, in the early 50s. They had to work on issues related to national security, energy, the environment and basic science. They interact extensively with universities, for example, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), founded in 1931, is closely associated with the University of California . ^[one]

• Peter J. Westwick, The National Labs: Science in an American System, 1947-1974. [1] , 2003, ISBN 0-674-00948-7
• N. Lord, P. Gyrohosian, R. Welllett, R. Clerman, P. Cheremisinof. Computing machines of the future . - Mir Publishing House, 1987. (Russian) - translation of the 1983 book Advanced Computers: Parallel and Biochip Processors ISBN 0250406268 , which describes how supercomputers are used in National laboratories