Abu Muhammad 'Ata ibn Abu Rabah ( Arabic: عطاء بن أبي رباح ; 647 , Jened , Yemen - 732 , Mecca ) is a Muslim scholar of the Tabiin generation, a famous hadith scholar, Mufti of Mecca .
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Birth and Origin
'Ata ibn Abu Rabah was born in 647, during the reign of the third righteous caliph ' Usman ibn 'Affan . He was born into a Nubian family and was a freedman of one of the Meccan clans Jumah or Fakhr. It is reported that his father was called Aslam or Salim, and his mother was Baraka. Subsequently, his family moved to Mecca, where the boy grew up and received education [1] .
Scientific Heritage
'Ata ibn Abu Rabah is considered an outstanding expert on hadith and a reliable transmitter. He studied under Ibn 'Abbas and Ibn' Umar , retold the hadith from the words of such famous associates as Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn' Umar, Ibn 'Amr, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr , Mu'awiya , Osama ibn Zayd, Jabir ibn' Abdal , Zayd ibn Arkam and 'Akil ibn Abu Talib. It is reported that he met and transmitted hadith from 200 associates. In turn, the hadiths were retold from him by his son Ya'kub, Abu Ishaq Sabi'i, Mujahid, az-Zuhri, Ayyub Sakhtiyani, Abu az-Zubair, Hakim ibn 'Utaiba, A'mash, Auza'i, etc. [2] . Traditions about his interpretation of the verses were included in the books on the tafsir of the imams Abd ar-Razzak al-Sanani , Sufyan al-Sauri , Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari . The classes of 'Ata ibn Abu Rabah were attended not only by Muslims demanding knowledge, but also by statesmen, including the Umayyad caliphs Al-Walid Ibn Abdul-Malik and Suleiman ibn Abdul-Malik . Sitting on his knees, Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik learned from him the rules of performing the Hajj, and then came to his children and said: “Be diligent in studying knowledge. Because of my ignorance, I kneel before a freedman ” [2] .
Evidence of Historians
Ibn Sa'd writes: “The Meccans turned for fatwas to 'Ata ibn Abu Rabah and Mujahid, but more people turned to' Ata ibn Abu Rabah. He was a scientist, had deep knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence, recounted many hadiths and was a reliable and trustworthy transmitter ” [3] . Khalid ibn Abu Nafi 'narrated that' Ata ibn Abu Rabah told me: “I found two hundred associates during my life and heard Ibn 'Abbas say:' Residents of Mecca! Know the price of 'Ata ibn Abu Rabah among you” [4] . Ibn Hibban writes: “He was one of the great Tabievs, shunned everything doubtful, was distinguished by virtue and was a learned man.” [5] Salama ibn Kuhayil said: “I saw three people who wanted to acquire knowledge only for the satisfaction of Allah Almighty. This is' Ata, Mujahid and Tavus ” [6] .
Asceticism and Wisdom
'Ata ibn Abu Rabah was known for piety and asceticism. The Arabic chronicles contain references to his bold and direct instructions to the caliphs, in which he demanded a fair treatment of his subjects. It is said that 'Ata ibn Abu Rabah regularly performed night prayers, reciting more than two hundred verses every night. In his life he has performed the Hajj seventy times. And when people visited him at home, he said: “How time has changed! People began to visit people like us ” [7] .
Demise
Before his death, Ata ibn Abu Rabah was completely blind. There are disagreements regarding the exact date. According to some sources, he died in 733. But most of the legends indicate that he died in 732 [8]
Notes
- ↑ Ibn Hibban. Sikat. T. 5.P. 198.
- ↑ 1 2 Ibn Hajar. Tahzib at-tahzib. T. 7.P. 180.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar. Tahzib at-tahzib. T. 7.P. 181.
- ↑ Ibn Hibban. Sikat. T. 5.P. 199.
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd. Kitab at-Tabakat al-Kubra . T. 2.P. 386.
- ↑ İslam alimleri Ansiklopedisi. Türkiye Gazetesi Yayınları. İstanbul, 1984.Vol. 2.P. 128-130.
- ↑ Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, 1992, T. 4.P. 35-36.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar. Tahzib at-tahzib. T. 7.P. 182.
Links
Curriculum Vitae of 'Ata ibn Abu Rabah in the database of Muslim scholars muslimscholars.info