Andrey Denisovich Vinius ( Dutch. Andries Deonyszoon Winius ; 1605 - 1662 ) - Russian merchant, breeder and diplomat of Dutch origin. Founded the reign of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich the first iron smelting, iron-making and weapons plants near Tula . The father of the statesman and associate of Peter I Andrei Andreyevich Vinius .
| Andrey Denisovich Vinius | |
|---|---|
| Andries Deonyszoon Winius | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Nationality |  Republic of the United Provinces →  Russian state |
| Occupation | Russian merchant, breeder, diplomat |
| Father | Dionysius Tjerckszoon Winius |
| Mother | Maritgen Andriesdochter Vekemans |
| Spouse | Gertrude van Rijn (1628), Gertrude Meyer (1648) |
| Children | Andrey , Maria, Matias |
Biography
Born in Amsterdam in 1605. In 1627 he began to trade with the Russian state through Arkhangelsk . Initially, he exported grain from Russia, but in 1632 , after the discovery of “good ore ” near Tula, he acquired the right to build an ironworks there, pledging to “teach the sovereign people all kinds of ironwork”, as well as supplying cannons and iron to the treasury at the appointed price. Thanks to Vinius, Russia gained access to cheaper iron and there was no need to buy it at a high price from the Swedes (moreover, subsequently Russia, which before that essentially had no metallurgical industry of its own, became a leader and became the world's leading exporter in the field of ferrous metallurgy in the XVIII century, until it was ahead of England in this in the era of the industrial revolution ). Surplus Vinius had the right to sell abroad.
Vinius' partner in the construction of Tula plants was Peter Marcelis . Contemporaries considered Vinius to be one of the advisers of the boyar Morozov , foreigners attributed to his influence the shy measures taken under Morozov in relation to the trade of foreigners in Russia. Vinius later built an ironworks in Shenkur County on the Wage River.
In 1648, he left the iron mining and until 1654 had a monopoly on the production and sale of tar in the basins of the Northern Dvina and Sukhona . In 1652, Vinius converted to Russian citizenship, converted to Orthodoxy, and was enrolled in the Moscow nobility . In 1653, he was sent by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to the Netherlands to buy weapons and woolen fabrics for sewing military uniforms, as well as for recruiting military specialists to serve in the Russian army. Subsequently, Vinius carried out diplomatic missions of the Russian government in Holland, Italy and Germany .
Literature
- Vinius, Andrei Denisovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Baklanov N. B., Mavrodin V.V., Smirnov I.I. Tula and Kashirsky plants in the XVII century. - M .; L. , 1934.
- Vilchinsky E.A. D. Vinnius. Historical materials // Russian Old Man. 1909. No. 11.
- Zaozerskaya E. I. At the origins of large-scale production in Russian industry of the 16th – 17th centuries (On the Genesis of Capitalism in Russia). - M. , 1970.
- Koshman L.V. Manufactory // Essays on Russian Culture of the 17th Century. - T. 1. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1979.
- Lyubomirov P.G. Essays on the history of Russian industry. - M. , 1947.
- Russian state in the XVII century. New phenomena in socio-economic, political and cultural life: Sat. articles. - M. , 1961.
- Stoskova N. N. The first metallurgical plants of Russia. - M. , 1962.
- Strumilin S.G. History of ferrous metallurgy in the USSR. - T. I. - M. , 1954.
Links
- Winius, Andries Dionyszoon // Kotilaine, Jarmo T. Encyclopedia of Russian History (2004)