Pomegranate flint [2] , pomegranate flare moth [1] or pomegranate flare moth [3] ( lat. Euzophera bigella ) - a species of butterflies of the family of flint flies from the subfamily of narrow-winged fire flames ( Phycitinae ) [2] [4] . It affects many types of fruit trees (apple, apricot, quince, plum, cherry) [1] , a dangerous pest of pomegranate [2] [5] . The species was first described in 1848 by the German entomologist Philip Christoph Zeller, originally under the name Ephestia bigella Zeller, 1848 .
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| Euzophera bigella ( Zeller , 1848) | ||||||||||||||||
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Distribution
Southern Europe , the Caucasus , the Middle East , Iran , North Africa , Asia Minor and Central Asia [1] .
Appearance
Wingspan 15-20 mm. According to the general dark gray hue, both longitudinal and transverse light and dark stripes pass [2] .
Ecology
It lives on flat spaces, also goes into the mountains (in Central Asia - up to an altitude of about 1100 meters) [2] .
Biology
Development occurs in 3-4 generations per year [2] . The flight of butterflies lasts from mid-May to October [3] [5] . The last generation survives the winter period in the larval stage (under the bark, in damaged fruits that remained on the trees, and scavenger) [2] [3] . According to a study conducted in Azerbaijan , in an individual living in the first half of summer, the period of an egg lasts 6–8 days, caterpillars last 20–25 days, and pupae last 10–12 days; in an individual living in the second half of summer, the stage of an egg takes 5-7 days, caterpillars 10-12 days, pupae about a crescent. Overwintered individuals spend 17–20 days in the pupal phase [3] .
Caterpillars gnaw the phloem in the trunk or spoil the fruits [2] . The pomegranate affects fruits at all stages of ripening (I generation can also eat flowers). They penetrate the granatines of sufficient maturity through the cup (where the eggs are usually laid) and eat them from the inside (they eat the placenta , pulp and kernels of grains), which makes the infection not noticeable. They dig through through passages that are filled with excrement . The habitat of the caterpillar in the fetus contributes to the development of pathogenic organisms, which causes rot . Such grenades can not be stored for a long time, can not withstand transportation, completely lose their commercial value. In the same study, it was found that a caterpillar of the first generation damages 5-6 flowers or emerging fruits, a caterpillar of the second generation - 1-2 fruits, the third generation - 3-4 fruits [3] .
Fighting Methods
To control the moth, the pesticides “Superstar” and “Bi-58” are used [6] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Key to insects of the European part of the USSR. T. IV. Lepidoptera. The third part. // (Zagulyaev A.K. et al.) / Ed. G. S. Medvedev . - Leningrad: "Science", 1986. - S. 319. - 504 p. - (Keys to the fauna of the USSR, published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ; issue 144.). - 2450 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Insects of Uzbekistan . Tashkent: Fan Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1993.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 S.A. Mamedova, E.A. Khalilov, S.S. Mehdiyev. Pomegranate moth in Azerbaijan // Protection and Quarantine of Plants, 2011, No. 8.
- ↑ Pheromones and Semiochemicals of Euzophera punicaella
- ↑ 1 2 Pomegranate | Our Homestead
- ↑ http://centralasia.bioversity.asia/fileadmin/www.centralasia.net/Resources/TRG/3613-0027.pdf (inaccessible link) S. A. Akhmadov, T. A. Akhmedov, N. Kamolov, H. Nazirov, S. M. Makhmadaminov, Z. A. Imamkulova. Pomegranate and features of its cultivation
Links
- Euzophera punicaella in Armenia and the fight against this insect (in Armenian) - photograph of an individual
- Akhmadov Kh. M., Akhmedov T.A., Kamolov N., Nazirov H., Makhmadaminov S.M., Imamkulova Z. A. Pomegranate and its cultivation features - photo of pomegranate fruits affected by a fire-bomb (inaccessible link)
- Biolib.cz: Euzophera bigella (Zeller, 1848) (English) (Retrieved November 4, 2012)
- Fauna Europaea: Euzophera bigella (Zeller, 1848) (English) (Retrieved November 4, 2012)
- Eol.org: Euzophera bigella (English) (Retrieved November 4, 2012)