Adil Gerai (kalga)

Adil Gerai participated in numerous military campaigns of his father, the Crimean Khan Devlet Geray , to the Russian and Polish-Lithuanian states.

In 1563, the 10,000-strong Tatar army under the command of two princes, the Kalga Sultan Mehmed Geray and Adil Geray, invaded the South Russian possessions and besieged the city of Mikhailov . Crimean Tatar detachments came to Dedilovsky , Pronsky and Ryazan places.

In 1567, Adil Gerai, together with his brothers Mehmed Gerai and Alp Gerai, undertook a large campaign against Kabarda , against the Pyatigorsk Cherkas. Crimean Tatars devastated and devastated the entire Kabardian land, capturing twenty thousand people. According to other sources, “the princes did not conquer the Circassians dei,” that is, the Crimeans were expelled.

In 1570, Prince Adil Gerai led a punitive campaign against Adygea. Kabardian prince Temryuk Idarovich , an ally of Russia , came to the aid of the Adyghe people. In the fierce battle of Ahuzh (the left tributary of the Kuban) the Crimean Tatars defeated the Kabardins. Prince Valiy of all Kabarda Temryuk Idarovich himself was mortally wounded, and his two sons, Mamstryuk and Beberyuk, were captured.

At the end of the reign of Devlet I Gerai, relations between his elder sons, kalga Mehmed and Adil Gerai, became extremely aggravated. Adil Gerai retired from the Crimea and settled east of Perekop , on the banks of the Kalmius River, where he built for himself the city of Bola-Saray and fortified it. He was obeyed by Nogai tribes who moved to Crimean possessions from the Volga region.

In June 1577, the Crimean Khan Devlet I Gerai ( 1551 - 1577 ) died. The eldest son and kalga Mehmed II Gerai ( 1577 - 1584 ) entered the khan’s throne, who appointed his younger brother Adil Gerai as the new kalga.

In 1578, the second Iranian-Turkish war began ( 1578 - 1590 ). In 1578, by order of the Turkish government, the Crimean Khan Mehmed Gerai was forced to send a large Crimean army to Transcaucasia. In the fall, the 20,000th army under the command of the kalgi Adil Gerai, the princes Shakai Mubarek Gerai and Gaza Gerai entered Shirvan . The Persian military leader and Shirvan fugitive Aras Khan Rumlu with the Iranian army besieged Shemakha on November 17 , where the Turkish garrison was under the command of Ozdemiroglu Osman Pasha . On the third day of the siege, on November 20, a Crimean Tatar army appeared near Shemakha, which, together with the Turks, defeated the Persian army. In the battle of Shemakha, the Iranians lost up to 8 thousand people killed.

According to the Ottoman chronicler Ibrahim Rahimizade, after the victory for three days a grand feast continued, at which the Turks honored the Crimean princes. Each of them was presented with an honorable robe, swords and daggers, studded with precious stones and tribal horses.

Then the Crimean army undertook a campaign on the Mugan steppe , where they ruined the nomads of the Turkic tribe Rumla. Crimean Tatars captured many prisoners, who were brought back to Shirvan .

Soon, the 80,000th Safavid army led by the Iranian heir to the throne, Khamza Mirza and Vizier Mirza Salman, marched from Karabakh to Shirvan . On November 26, the Persians besieged the Ottoman garrison in Shemakha. The Turkish military commander Ozdemiroglu Osman Pasha sent messengers to the kalg Adil Geray, asking him to come to his aid near Shemakha with his army. Hamza-Mirza sent part of the Persian army to meet the Crimeans.

On November 28, 1578, near the town of Mollahasan on the banks of the Aksu River, a battle took place between the Crimean and Persian armies. The first to enter the battle were the advanced units of the opposing sides. Kalga Adil Gerai was not ready for the upcoming battle. The Crimeans did not manage to restrain the onslaught of the Persian troops and, despite the personal heroism of Adil Geray, who “rushed into battle like an angry lion,” the battle ended in the defeat of the Crimean Tatar troops. The kalga-sultan Adil Gerai himself was captured.

Prince Hamza-Mirza with honors took Adil Gerai's kalga at his headquarters and sent him to Persia . In captivity, Adil Gerai lived in Qazvin , the capital of the Safavid empire . Prince Hamza-Mirza and his father, the Iranian Shah Muhammad Hudabende ( 1577 - 1587 ), sought to establish friendly relations with the Crimean Khanate . Muhammad Hudabende even planned to make a relationship with the kalga Adil Geray and marry him with one of his daughters. However, these plans were not destined to come true. In July 1579, the captured Crimean prince Adil Gerai, accused of secret communication with the mother of Khamza-Mirza, was executed.

Ibrahim Pechevi (1574 - 1650): “The shah even wanted to make this very brave and heroic khan's son, who was even taller than the shah by origin. But it so happened that the wife and sister of the shah fell in love with Adil Girey, their mutual sympathies began to increase , conversations entailed feasts, and feasts opened the door to rapprochement ... And once a group of military men came into the shah’s bedroom, and no matter how beautiful the shah’s wife tried to hide behind the lord, and the shah didn’t try to save her, it was all useless She was torn from the hands of the Shah and the diploma They killed them in person. From here they proceeded to the Shah’s sister’s private chambers and killed her too. Then they ended the spies who mediated in this matter. And when they broke into Adil Girey’s rooms, a pandemonium broke out. The Khan’s son chopped seven of them who burst into it, but he was wounded and exhausted, after which he was killed with a shot from a gun. "

Sharaf Khan Bidlisi (1543 - 1601/02): "The Kyzylbash emirs were afraid of the power of that Khatun and began to think about how to eliminate it. In the end, they decided to ascribe to her a love affair with the Adil-Girey Khan of the Tatars and kill both of them. At the instigation of the great emirs, a detachment of bloodthirsty kyzylbashi entered the chambers of the Padishah palace. They pulled that righteous lady who extended a hand to the belt of [her] pitiful husband [from the palace] and killed. She was thrown naked for 24 hours in the steppe among the common people, and no one she didn’t bury her. 'Adil Giray and a hundred people from the sons of the Tatar x emirs and noblemen were killed and cast to the dust of destruction. "

Oruj-bek Bayat ( 1560 - 1604 ): “After some time, Shah Muhammad Khudabende stopped treating the Tatar prince as a prisoner ... his intention was to marry one of his daughters ... At that time, a shameful treason was revealed, namely, that Adil Giray dared to raise his eyes to Begum, the wife of Shah Muhammad Khudabende and the mother of Khamz-Mirza, and then there was a rumor that the queen reciprocated and that the affair ended in a forbidden connection.When this became known to some courtiers, deeply outraged by the great shame they are secrets they conspired about and one night broke into the palace, put the tsarina and her lover - the Tatar prince to death, and immediately they informed about this abroad to openly explain and justify their actions. All that was mentioned here is a retelling of the events that Thomas Minadoi had in his “Stories.” But, to our knowledge, in reality everything was different - namely, that these courtiers were driven by petty feelings of envy towards the Tatar prince, ... they ... killed him and, on the pretext of his scandalous connection with Queen, put to death and e Though innocent. "

• Halim Girey-Sultan “The Rose Bush of Khans, or the History of Crimea”, Simferopol, 2008 ISBN 978-966-8518-91-1

• Smirnov V. D. “Crimean Khanate under the rule of the Ottoman Empire”, Volume 1, Publishing House “Frontiers XXI”, 2005 ISBN 5-347-00008-2

• World History in 24 volumes. Volume 11. Development of Eastern European States, Minsk, 1999. ISBN 985-456-135-6
• Ibrahim Effendi Pechevi. History / Per. Z. M. Buniyatova. - Baku: Elm, 1988.
• Sharaf Khan ibn Shamsaddin Bidlisi. Sharaf-name / Trans., Foreword, note. and app. E.I. Vasilieva .. - M .: Nauka, 1976 .-- T. XXI, 2. - (Monuments of the written language of the East).