“Eastern poem for the death of Pushkin” [2] [3] [4] ( Persian. [Marziye-ye šarq dar wafāt-e Pūškīn] مرثیهٔ شرق در وفات پوشکین ; Pushkin's death ” [5] [6] [7] [8] - an elegiac poem [5] , kasyda [9] by Azerbaijani writer Mirza Fatali Akhundov (1812–1878), created in 1837 , in the year of the death of Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and dedicated to his doom. The work is written in Persian in the tradition of classical oriental poetry [10] [11] .
Eastern poem on the death of Pushkin | |
---|---|
Persian. مرثیهٔ شرق در وفات وشکین | |
Autograph of the poem [1] | |
Genre | elegiac poem |
Author | Mirza Fatali Akhundov |
Original language | Persian |
Date of writing | 1837 |
Date of first publication | 1837 |
Publisher | Yazychy |
This is the second original poetic work by Akhundov [12] [11] . It is his first published work [13] and is considered his first significant work [5] .
For the first time the poem was published in Russian in the interlinear translation of the author himself in 1837. A new interlinear translation of the poem into Russian was composed by Alexander Bestuzhev . The poetic translation of the poem into Russian was composed by Alexander Sokolov , Georgy Stroganov and Pavel Antokolsky . Poets such as Boyukaga Gasimzade Translated the poem into , Michael Mushfig (Persian) and Maarif Soltan . The poem was also translated by Joseph Grishashvili, Ashot Grashi, Zaki Nuri, Kadyr Murzaliyev and others.
On February 8, 1937, the Qasida was read at the anniversary Pushkin radio concert from Moscow for Iran and Afghanistan [9] . A ballad-romance was written on the words of the poem in the treatment of Jafar Handan Suleiman Aleskerov .
Creating a poem
January 27 ( February 8 ), 1837, a duel took place between the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin and Georges Dantes , during which Pushkin was wounded in the stomach and died on January 29 ( February 10 ) in 1837 (for more details see the article “ The Last Duel and the Death of A. S. Pushkin ").
At that time, bloody honor fights were prohibited by law in the Russian Empire , so the press did not mention the cause of Pushkin’s death (for the first time printed instructions appeared in 1847 in D. N. Bantysh-Kamensky 's Dictionary of Memorial People). Information about the duel, in particular, public opinion about the events that preceded it, was expressed not in the press, where, as noted, the official, government version prevailed. This information was mainly expressed in conversations, private correspondence, and poetic responses [14] .
The death of Pushkin deeply struck Akhundov , who served as a translator in the office of the Caucasian governor in Tiflis, while inspiring him to create a great elegiac poem [15] . Literary critic Mikael Rafili claims [15] that by that time in Tiflis they knew about the verses of Mikhail Lermontov [note 1] " On the death of the poet ", also dedicated to the death of Pushkin. It was believed that the news of the death of the poet could reach the Caucasus only by the end of February. Rafili also suggests that Akhundov wrote his poem around the beginning of March. He also confirms this opinion by the fact that the author described the picture of spring in the work [16] The version that the poem was written in early March is also supported by the akhund researcher Nadir Mamedov [11] . Akhundov’s poem was translated by the author himself and presented to Baron G.V. Rosen , who in 1831–37 served as the commander-in-chief of the civil part in the Caucasus [15] .
Translations and editions
We received this remarkable Persian poem along with a translation made in Russian by the author himself, from Ivan Ivanovich Klementyev, who resides in Tiflis. Here are a few words from the letter in which Mr. Klementyev sent this poem. “Of course you will be pleased to bring to the public’s attention the impression that the singer of the Caucasus and Bakhchisarai made on the young poet of the East, who in many respects has excellent hopes. The original is purposely written in Arabic script (hens), as the easiest to read ... I am sure that the cruelty and wildness of the expression of some places will be excused by the spirit of the East, so opposite to the European one; to preserve him in possible fidelity was the main purpose of the writer in the translation, almost without correction by me left; and I thought it necessary to keep the vivid color of Iran and the brilliance of playful comparisons, sometimes more witty than the faithful ... It is inexplicably comforting for the Russian heart to see the beneficial traces of citizenship in that part of the world where the first education of the world flickers, in the country where powerful nature squanders its magnificence and wealth among the tribes still oppressed by the yoke of the passions of the wild. And this citizenship, this gradual pacification of the stormy forces of man, hostile to nature, abundantly pouring out his gifts, is accomplished by the Russians. ” Fully sharing the feelings of Mr. Klementyev and thanks to him sincerely for bringing us a beautiful flower thrown by the hand of a Persian poet to the grave of Pushkin, we sincerely wish success to a remarkable talent, especially since we see in him such sympathy for the Russian education. [15]
The poem was first published in Russian in 1837 in the Moscow Telegraph in the interlinear translation of the author himself [9] (Akhundov prepared a prose translation of the poem into Russian) [13] . The translation of the poem into Russian was Akhundov’s first attempt in this area [17] . As the literary critic Andrei Popov notes, this author’s translation, perhaps even without the author’s knowledge, was sent to Moscow to the Moscow Observer magazine by friend and co-worker M. F. Akhundov in the office of the chief superintendent in Georgia I. I. Klementyev [18] . Thus, having carried out the interlinear translation of the poem, Akhundov showed it to Klementyev. After reading the translation, Klementyev was delighted and, apparently making a stylistic revision, sent it to the editorial office of the Moscow Observer , accompanied by a short letter [11] .
The editorial staff reacted with sympathy to the work, and the poem was immediately printed in the March XI book of the journal . 2] with a small note [11] (permission of the censorship of March 14, 1837) [15] , with a note by the editorial board welcoming the poem as a tribute not only to Pushkin, but also to Russian culture in general [13] . It is worth noting that the text published in the Moscow Observer, the editors made minor corrections [17] . The editors called the work “a beautiful flower thrown on Pushkin’s grave” and printed a small note on the text of the poem [15] . So, the note said:
Fully sharing the feelings of Mr. Klementyev and thanks to him sincerely for bringing us a beautiful flower thrown by the hand of a Persian poet to the grave of Pushkin, we sincerely wish success to a remarkable talent, especially since we see in him such sympathy for the Russian education [19] . |
A little later, in May 1837, by friend [13] of Akhundov, Decembrist A. A. Bestuzhev (Marlinsky) [app. 3] at the suggestion of Baron Rosen was compiled poetic [13] (according to another version of the subscript [19] ) translation of the poem into Russian. This new version of the interlinear translation remained in the archive of Akhundov for many years [19] and only in 1874 on the initiative of his close friend the famous Russian orientalist Adolf Berger was published in Russian Antiquity [9] [app. 4] . So, in 1874, Akhundov, before his departure, Adolf Berger, who lived in Tiflis, gave him the translation of his poem by Bestuzhev. In the same year, this translation was published in Russian Antiquity with a small preface by Adolf Berger [15] , which, inter alia, stated that:
... the death of the unforgettable Pushkin shook his surprise not only in Russia alone, but made a deep impression even among the Muslim population, in one of the distant outskirts of our vast fatherland [20]Hell. Berger |
In "Russian Antiquity" Berger told the story of creating a new version of the interlinear translation of the poem. This happened in April 1837, when it turned out that Bestuzhev was not familiar with the poem of Mirza Fet-Ali, and at the request of Baron Rosen, the chief governor of the Caucasus, he agreed to transfer the poem into Russian during the conversation [19] . This translation, which went hand-in-hand in handwriting, became famous in Transcaucasia. Mikael Rafili revealed a number of stylistic amendments made by Bestuzhev to the author's text, which, however, did not change the meaning, the images and the content of the work. This translation was the last work of Bestuzhev, who was killed three days later at Cape Adler [15] . Subsequently, the new translation was published in the Kavkaz newspaper (1874, November 22, 1874, No. 137) [19] and was repeatedly published in the pre-revolutionary Russian periodicals. It was especially widespread during the years of Soviet power [19] [app. 5] . .
Later, Akhundov's poem was published more than once. In 1871 - in the newspaper " Kavkaz ". In 1880, in connection with the opening of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow , the Petersburg Leaf published a poem in the translation of Alexander Sokolov , made as a blank verse [21] (this translation is considered the first poetic translation of the poem into Russian) [19] . In 1899 , in connection with the centenary of Pushkin’s birth, the Kavkaz newspaper re-printed the poem in a new translation by Bestuzhev, informing the readers [22] : “When the fatal news about the tragic demise of the brilliant Russian poet Fat-Ali reached our region sonorous poems poured out his grief " [23] . The work was also published in “Illustrated Addition” to the newspaper “ Tiflissky Leaf ”, in “Pushkinian” by V.V. Kalash . However, there were no attempts to translate it again [24] .
In Soviet times, the Eastern Poem was translated into many languages of the peoples of the USSR — Russian , Ukrainian , Belarusian , Uzbek , Georgian , Latvian , Tatar , Yakut, and others. [24] The Georgian translation of the poem by Iosif Grishashvili from the Russian text by A. A. Bestuzhev, was published in the number 5 of the journal "Drosha" (Banner) for 1932 [25] .
During the years of Soviet power, the poetic translation of the poem was made by poets Georgy Stroganov (Literary Azerbaijan, 1938, No. 2, pp. 40–41, and Baku Worker, 1938, October 24, No. 247) and Pavel Antokolsky [19] . In Russian, the translation of Pavel Antokolsky, published in the original version for the first time in the Anthology of Azerbaijani Poetry in 1939, received particular popularity. Later Antokolsky returned to his translation more than once, thoroughly processing and improving it: the last version of this translation was chosen by M.F. Akhundov “Deceived Stars”, published in 1963 in Moscow by the state publishing house “ Fiction ”. In 1982 a separate edition of the poem translated by Antokolsky was published in Baku [26] . In all Russian editions of collections of works of art by Akhundov, published in 1950, 1956, 1963, 1973 and 1987, a poetic translation by Pavel Antokolsky was published [19] .
The poem was also translated by I. Goncharenko, Ashot Grashi, Zaki Nuri, K. Murzaliev [24] .
Poets such as Boyukaga Gasimzade Translated the poem into , Michael Mushfig (Persian) and Maarif Soltan [27] . It is noted that Mikayil Mushfig "retained the style and style of the poem, conveyed the thoughts and aspirations of M. F. Akhundov, while skillfully using the sound and semantic richness of the native language" [24] . In the treatment of Jafar Handan, the lines of the poem are heard in Ballad - Romance (music by Suleiman Aleskerov ) [24] .
(translation by P. G. Antokolsky )
... All Russian land is crying in sorrowful flour, -
He is fiercely executioner killed ruthlessly.
He's not truly saved - by the cherished talisman -
From the curse of witchcraft, from the machinations and insults.
He went on a long journey and left all his friends.
Be merciful to him, Allah ! He is fast asleep.
Let the eternally weeping fountain of Bakhchisarai
With the fragrance of tears two roses will sprinkle.
Let the silver-wise in beits of Sabuhi Caucasus
He masters his own mourning, he grieves for Pushkin! [7]
Original Poem
Adolf Berger, as well as Vladimir Kallash, in his book Pushkiniana (Puschkiniana), argued that the original of the poem was lost and was not preserved. Thus, in the preface to the poem published in Russian Antiquity, Berge also writes that "the original of the poem has been lost." And indeed, Akhundov’s poem was known only from the Russian translation. It was believed that the poem was preserved in fragments from the well-known collector of Azerbaijani manuscripts and the historian of Turkic literature Salman Mumtaz . Until 1936, it was assumed that the original poem was not lost yet and is in the archives of the Moscow Observer. In support of this, they cited the fact that, shortly before, the manuscript was discovered in the materials of the Institute of World Literature , which turned out to be the original translation of the poem with comments by the author himself. This translation was sent to the Moscow Observer together with the original [15] .
The search for the original poem was considered a pointless and unreliable business. There was no document in the archive of Akhundov, which in 1928 was acquired by the Azerbaijani government from the writer's heirs. This archive was kept in Tbilisi . Nevertheless, the text of the work, written by the author himself, was found during the analysis of a number of papers and manuscripts of Akhundov, which were not included in the above-mentioned archive and were kept by Akhundov’s grandson [28] .
The poem is written in the form of Qasida in Persian, consists of fifty Bayts (a couplet) and contains a single rhyme in “ar”. All rhyming lines consist of fourteen syllables [29] . The manuscript has been preserved very well and, as noted, is read freely. The discovered original of the poem was deposited with the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Azerbaijan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences . His photocopy was published in the Baku Worker newspaper of November 18, 1936 [5] No. 267 (5066), as well as in other Baku press organs [28] .
Product Analysis
The critic Yashar Karayev and the philosopher Fuad Kasimzade note that this work is the first work in the East devoted to Russian literature [30] . Samad Vurgun wrote: “We are proud that the significance of Pushkin in world poetry for the first time in the East was understood and lovingly sung by the great Mirza Fatali. We are forever grateful to him for this ” [24] .
Analyzing the poem, Seyfulla Asadullayev notes that in the first part, according to Eastern poetic tradition, poetic symbols and images prevail, and in the second, larger part, elements of the genre of poetic criticism [22] .
Estimates and observations of the author in the poem, according to Asadullayev, indicate that Akhundov knew Pushkin’s works well and was aware of his fame [22] . Thus, Akhundov gives his assessment of the poet’s creativity, calls him “the head of the cathedral of poets,” underlines his worldwide fame - “his genius spread throughout Europe ...”, says “about Pushkin, who was praised from a hundred times over, when he playfully poured out my dreams ” [app. 6] . The elegy mentions such works by Pushkin as the Caucasus, Talisman, Fountain of Bakhchisarai [9] .
The author, as Asadullaev notes, characterizing the merits and place of the writers of the pre-Pushkin era in the development of Russian literature, resorts to methods of contrast and comparison . Seyfulla Asadullaev believes that this allows Akhundov to clearly highlight the place and significance of Pushkin in the history of Russian literature. At the same time, Akhundov does not oppose Pushkin to his predecessors, but sees him as their successor, continuing and completing the business of updating Russian literature begun by them [22] :
... Lomonosov adorned the abode of poetry with the beauty of a genius, but his dream became firmly established in her. Although Derzhavin conquered the State of literature, he was elected to strengthen and structure it. Karamzin filled the cup with the wine of knowledge, he drank this filled cup of wine ... [17]Translation by M. F. Akhundov |
Literary critic Mikael Rafili noted that the poem felt Akhundov’s deep and sincere grief over the death of Pushkin, that the author treats the poet’s work with respect and love. Rafili, comparing Akhundov's poem with Lermontov's poem To the Poet's Death , writes that Akhundov has more elegiac, more poetic sadness, more lyrics, which arouses the reader’s love and sympathy for Pushkin. If Lermontov, in expressing his hatred and sadness, resorts to strong, scourging, angry words, then Akhundov achieves the artistic effect by the lyricism of the poem, the picturesque and soft colors, the images of nature (a characteristic feature of Oriental poetry). “Eastern poem” and the work of Lermontov Rafili calls the best poetic monuments on Pushkin’s death, which his contemporaries left [15] .
The literary critic Nadir Mammadov describes the poetic form of the poem by a distinctly expressed oriental romantic spirit, comparisons, metaphors and epithets that are inherent in oriental classical poetry, as well as the brightness and whimsical ornamentation of the verse. In his opinion, the artistic form and structure of the work "are quite traditional and do not carry anything innovative in themselves." Mamedov notes that the artistic power and value of the poem "are concluded primarily in the novelty and effectiveness of its material, the depth of the feeling, the emotional content of the content" [10] .
Notes
- ↑ In 1837, in Tiflis , Lermontov began to learn Azerbaijani (“Tatar”, according to the terminology) language with which Akhundov himself introduced him. See V. V. Trepavlov . Russian in Eurasia XVII-XIX centuries. - Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008. - p. 382. - 477 p. See also the letter of Lermontov to Raevsky (the second half of November - the beginning of December 1837. From Tiflis to Petrozavodsk)
- ↑ Moscow Observer , 1837, part XI, Vol. II (March), p. 297-304.
- ↑ Bestuzhev taught Akhundov Russian literature in exchange for Azerbaijani lessons.
- ↑ Russian Antiquity , 1874, Vol. XI, September, pp. 76-79.
- ↑ Excluding the variant published in the journal Literary Transcaucasus (Tiflis, 1933, No. 1), which is an inaccurate and abbreviated text of Bestuzhev's translation.
- The text is translated by MF Akhundov himself.
Sources
- ↑ Akhundov / Ed. J. Kuliev. - Azerbaijan Soviet Encyclopedia : Main edition of the Azerbaijan Soviet Encyclopedia, 1976. - T. I. - p . 498 .
- ↑ L. A. Seryakov . Russian figures in portraits. - St. Petersburg: Type. V.S. Balasheva, 1882. - p. 122. - 131 p.
- ↑ Russian Antiquity , 1874, Vol. XI, September, pp. 76-79
- ↑ Z. M. Umetbaev . On the question of the dialectic of national and international literature teaching. - Faces of creativity: memories of the future: Sat. scientific Art .: Publishing House of the Moscow State University , 2008. - p . 109 .Original text (rus.)Thus, simultaneous consideration at one of the lessons in the 9th grade of the works of M.Yu. Lermontov "Death of a Poet" and MF Akhundov's “Eastern poem for the death of Pushkin” allows organizing, on the one hand, an extra-curricular lesson on the topic “M.Yu. Lermontov and the Poetry of the Peoples of the Near Abroad, ”and on the other hand, an optional lesson in translating works by N.F. Akhundov in Russian.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Az. Sharif . Akhundov // 8 / Ed. A. A. Surkov . - Brief literary encyclopedia : Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962. - T. I. - p . 364 .
- ↑ Akhundov, 1987 , p. 191.
- ↑ 1 2 P. G. Antokolsky . About Pushkin. - Moscow: Soviet writer, 1960. - pp. 109-113. - 133 s.
- ↑ Akhundov // Angola - Barzas. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1970. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 tons.] / Ch. Ed. AM Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 2).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Cand. filol. Sciences A. 3. Rosenfeld. A.S. Pushkin in Persian translations . - Bulletin of the Leningrad University, 1949. - № 6 . - p . 83 .
- ↑ 1 2 N. Mamedov . Realism mf Akhundov. - Baku: Maarif, 1982. - p. 68. - 286 p.Original text (rus.)Like the first poem mentioned above by M. F. Akhundov, “Oriental poem for the death of Pushkin” was written in the Persian language and in the traditions of classical Oriental poetry. The poetic form of the work is characterized by a distinctly expressed Oriental romantic spirit, comparisons, metaphors and epithets inherent in Eastern classical poetry, brilliance and fancy ornamentation of the verse. The artistic form and structure of "Eastern poem for the death of Pushkin" is quite traditional and does not carry anything innovative in itself. All the artistic power and value of the poem of M. F. Akhundov are concluded above all in the novelty and effectiveness of its material, the depth of feeling, the emotionality of the content ...
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Akhundov, 1987 , p. 278.
- ↑ N.J. Mamedov . MF Akhundov (To the 175th anniversary of the birth). - Soviet Turkology: Communist, 1989. - № 1 . - pp . 42-53 .Original text (rus.)The second poetic work of MF Akhundov, which came to us in the original, is “Eastern poem on the death of Pushkin”. The news of the tragic death of A. S. Pushkin deeply shook the young Azerbaijani poet. His poem is imbued with ardent love for the great Russian poet. Angrily labeling Pushkin's murderers, he bitterly mourns his untimely demise.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 H. Algar . Ndūndzāda (English) . - Encyclopædia Iranica , 1984. - Vol. I. - P. 735-740 .
- ↑ Andomirskaya V. B., Antonenkova A. P. The 125th anniversary of the death of A. S. Pushkin // Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Sistemy of Sciences of the USSR. - Science, 1962. - T. 21 . - p . 283 .Original text (rus.)... The opinion of society on the events preceding the duel was expressed not in the press, where the official, government version dominated, but mainly in conversations, private correspondence, poetic responses ...
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 M. Rafili . Pushkin and Mirza-Fatali Akhundov. . - “Pushkin temporary”: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1936. - P. 240-256 .
- ↑ M. G. Rafili . Akhundov / Under the general editorship of J. Jafarov. - 2nd. - M .: "Young Guard", 1959. - 192 p. - ( Life of great people ). - 25 000 copies
- ↑ 1 2 3 Shikhali Kurbanov . A.S. Pushkin and Azerbaijan. - Azerbaijan Publishing House of Children's Literature, 1959. - p. 108.Original text (rus.)As can be seen from the comparison, in the text published in Moscow Observer, the editors made only minor corrections. The translation of the poem into Russian, made by MF Akhundov himself, was the first attempt of a young Azerbaijani poet in this field. And, it should be noted, the attempt is quite successful. The publication of this translation on the pages of the Russian press was an event worthy of attention.
- ↑ A.V. Popov . Lermontov in the Caucasus. - Stavropol book publishing house, 1954. - p. 85. - 219 p.Original text (rus.)This author’s translation of the eastern poem “To the death of Pushkin” by friend and colleague M. F. Akhundov in the office of the commander-in-chief in Georgia I. I. Klementyev, possibly even without the author’s knowledge, was sent to Moscow and published in the March book of the Moscow Observer for 1837
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Akhundov, 1987 , p. 279.
- ↑ Russian Antiquity , 1874, Vol. XI, p. 77
- ↑ A. A. Sharif . From the history of publications of the poem M.-F. Akhundov "On the death of Pushkin" // Pushkin in the countries of foreign East: Collection of articles. - Science, 1979. - p . 224 .Original text (rus.)A few years later, in 1880, in connection with the opening of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow, the “Petersburg leaflet” placed Akhundov’s poem in the translation of A. Sokolov, made in white verse.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 S. G. Asadullaev . From the history of perception and evaluation of Pushkin's creativity in Azerbaijan. - Pushkin and the Literature of the Peoples of the Soviet Union: Yerevan University Press, 1975. - p . 331-332 .Original text (rus.)
It was young MF Akhundov, who immediately responded to the tragic death of Pushkin and created in 1837, following Lermontov's poem “The Poet's Death”, his famous “Eastern poem for the death of Pushkin,” written with what is called blood of the heart.
Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Karamzin - three large figures, with the name of each of them is connected with the beginning of a new trend, a new direction in the development of pre-Pushkin Russian literature. But all these beginnings, trends and trends came together and united in the work of Pushkin in a single realistic direction, marking a new stage in the development of Russian literature. Such is the Akhundov concept of Russian literature of the 18th century and the first third of the 19th century, which almost coincides with the concept of the development of Russian literature of this period, advanced later by V. G. Belinsky ...
In 1899, in connection with the centenary of the birth of Pushkin, the Kavkaz newspaper, published in Tiflis, reprinted M. Akhundov’s poem in a new Russian translation, told readers: “When the fatal news of the tragic The demise of the brilliant Russian poet, Fat Ali poured out his grief in loud verses. ” “Eastern poem on the death of Pushkin” is a poetic work, and it may seem that it has nothing to do with our topic. However, upon careful reading of this work, it is easy to see that the poetic figurative life is organically combined in it with critical thought, constantly accompanied by critical assessments. If the first part of the poem is sustained in the style of the eastern poetic tradition, is saturated with poetic symbols and images, then in the second part it is dominated by critical assessments and definitions, critical thought prevails over poetic thought. More precisely, the second part contains the features of the genre of poetic criticism.
In poetic images and comparisons of the poem, Akhundov expresses his point of view on Pushkin's work, a very clear concept of the place and role of the great poet in the history of Russian poetry. Estimates and observations of the author of the poem indicate that he knew Pushkin’s works well, was aware of his loud fame. Speaking “of Pushkin, to whom praise from all ends thundered a hundred times when he playfully poured out his dreams”, Akhundov gives his assessment of the poet’s creativity, calls him “the head of the cathedral of poets,” underlines his worldwide fame - “Europe’s glory spread throughout Europe ...” . The poem contains a coherent concept of the development of Russian literature from Lomonosov to Pushkin. Moreover, characterizing the merits and place of prominent pre-Pushkin writers in the development of Russian literature, the author resorts to methods of contrast and comparison, allowing him to clearly identify and define the place and significance of Pushkin in the history of Russian literature. Of course, Akhundov does not oppose the poet to his predecessors, but sees him as their successor, continuing and completing the business of updating Russian literature that they began.
Lomonosov adorned with the beauty of genius
the abode of poetry, but his dream is in her
affirmed.
Although Derzhavin conquered power
literature, but to strengthen and
device her elected he (Pushkin).
Karamzin filled the cup with the wine of knowledge
he drank this cup filled with wine - ↑ The newspaper Kavkaz, May 26, 1899 (quoted from the book by Shikhali Kurbanov Pushkin, and Azerbaijan, Baku, 1959, p. 121)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dilyara Sharifova. “By the hand of an inspired poet” // Literary Azerbaijan. - Publishing House of the Union of Soviet Writers of Azerbaijan, 1987. - No. August . - p . 119 .Original text (rus.)
Akhundov's poem was not forgotten and was published more than once - in the newspaper Kavkaz in 1871 and 1899, it was published in Illustrated Addition to the newspaper Tiflissky Leaf, in Pushkinian V. Kallash, although there were no attempts to translate it again . In Soviet times, the Akhundov poem was translated into many languages of the peoples of the USSR — Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Uzbek, Georgian, Latvian, Tatar, Yakut, etc. Translators such as P. Antokolsky, I. Goncharenko, Ashot Grashi, Zaki Nuri, K. Murzaliyev, in their own way, retained in their translations the beauty and charm of the Oriental Poem.
The meaning of the Eastern Poem is imperishable. Reading it, we seem to touch the inexhaustible source of the sublime feeling of love for the great Pushkin. “We are proud,” wrote Samad Vurgun, “that the significance of Pushkin in world poetry for the first time in the East was understood and lovingly sung by the great Mirza Fatali. We are forever grateful to him for this. ”
The poem has been translated into Azerbaijani. The translation from Farsi was carried out by Michael Musfik, who, with all the strength of his senses, retaining the style and syllable of the poem, conveyed the thoughts and aspirations of M. Akhundov, while skillfully using the sound and semantic richness of the native language. In the treatment of Jafar Handan, Akhundov’s lines are heard in the Ballad-romance (music by Suleiman Aleskerov). - ↑ Aziz Sharif . Beautiful flower on the grave of Pushkin // Literary Azerbaijan. - Publishing House of the Union of Soviet Writers of Azerbaijan, 1977. - p . 127 .Original text (rus.)The first after the triumph of the October revolution remembered the poem by Mirza Fatali Akhundov to the death of Pushkin, the Georgian poet and scientist Iosif Grishashvili, who placed the Georgian translation of Bestuzhev’s text in Georgian’s number 5 in the number 5 of the Georgian journal Drosha (“Banner”) The following year, he reported on the publication of Adolf Berger in No. 1 of the magazine "Literary Transcaucasus" for 1933 ...
- ↑ P. G. Antokolsky . Eastern poem on the death of A.S. Pushkin. [Trans. P. Antokolsky] / Mirza Fatali Akhundov; [Art. N. Babaev]. - Baku: Yazychy, 1982. - 22 p.
- ↑ Leyla Məmmədova. Rəsul Rzanın MF Axundzadənin dəbi irsinə münasibəti (azerb.) // Journal "Azərbaycan". Archived March 4, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 M.F. Akhundov. Works / Introductory article, editors and comments of Aziz Sharif . - Dawn of the East, 1938. - p. 362. - 365 p.Original text (rus.)
However, when analyzing some papers and manuscripts M.-F. Akhundov, who were not included in the archive acquired by the government of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan and stored in Tbilisi, with the writer's grandson, we found the text of this poem written by M.-F. Akhundov, which leaves no doubt about his authenticity.
We discovered the original poem M.-F. Akhundov's “On the death of A.S. Pushkin”, now kept at the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Azerbaijan branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, was published in a photograph in the Baku Worker newspaper of November 18, 1936 No. 267 (5066), and also in other print media in Baku ...
The poem is written on four pages of a large expanded sheet. It is written in Persian and consists of fifty couplets, rhyming from beginning to end with one rhyme. The manuscript has been preserved very well and is readable freely.
When comparing the original of the poem with the Russian translation by A. A. Bestuzhev (Marlinsky), it turned out that this translation was made very close to the original, so we decided to leave in the present collected works of M.-F. Akhundov is precisely this prose translation, although in recent months more or less successful attempts have been made to translate this poem into Russian. - ↑ Aziz Sharif . Beautiful flower on the grave of Pushkin. // Literary Azerbaijan. - Publishing House of the Union of Soviet Writers of Azerbaijan, 1977. - p . 128 .Original text (rus.)The poem to the death of Pushkin consists of fifty bayts (a couplet) and is written in the form of a casida: it rhymes from beginning to end with one rhyme to “ar”, which concludes the first and all subsequent even lines of the poem, consisting of fourteen syllables.
- ↑ J. Karayev , F. Kasimzade . Azerbaijani literature . - The history of world literature in nine volumes: Science, 1991. - T. 7 . - p . 216 .Original text (rus.)The Oriental Poem (1837), by which the twenty-five-year-old Akhundov responded to the death of Pushkin, a significant fact. For the first time, the East turned to the treasury of Russian literature with such deep understanding and penetration, for the first time the grief of the Russian poet became the subject of Oriental artwork and sounded like an oath of love and spiritual fidelity at the same time as the same oath of twenty-three Lermontov ...
References and literature
- MF Akhundov. Selected Works / Preparations for printing, introductory article and comments by Nadir Mamedov. - B .: Azerbaijan State Publishing House, 1987. - 294 p.
- M. Rafili . Pushkin and Mirza-Fatali Akhundov. . - “Pushkin temporary”: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1936. - P. 240-256 .
- Dmitriev N. K. Eastern poem on the death of Pushkin. - “Book news”, 1937. - № 2 .
- Cand. filol. Sciences A. 3. Rosenfeld. A.S. Pushkin in Persian translations . - Bulletin of the Leningrad University, 1949. - № 6 . - p . 83 .
- S. G Asadullaev . Spiritual communication and mutual knowledge / Reviewer, Doctor of Philology Agil Hajiyev. - Yazychy, 1986. - p. 12. - 294 p.
- H. Algar . Ndūndzāda (English) . - Encyclopædia Iranica , 1984. - Vol. I. - P. 735-740 .
- Ya. Karaev , F. Kasimzade . Azerbaijani literature . - The history of world literature in nine volumes: Science, 1991. - T. 7 . - p . 216 .