Innokenty Mikhailovich Sibiryakov ( October 30 ( November 11 ), 1860 , Irkutsk , Russian Empire - November 6 ( 19 ), 1901 , Athos , Greece ) [1] - Russian philanthropist and philanthropist , Irkutsk merchant I guild.
Innokentiy Mikhailovich Sibiryakov | |
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Date of Birth | November 11, 1860 |
Place of Birth | |
Date of death | November 19, 1901 (41 years) |
Place of death | Athos , Greece |
A country | |
Occupation | philanthropist |
Father | Mikhail Alexandrovich Sibiryakov |
Mother | Varvara Konstantinovna Trapeznikova |
Content
Biography
Our life is red only when everything smiles around us ... But if you feel poverty near yourself, being rich yourself, then you will somehow feel uneasy ... [2]- Innokenty Sibiryakov |
Innokenty Mikhailovich was born on October 30, 1860 in the family of a merchant of the I guild from Irkutsk [3] . His father, Mikhail Alexandrovich (1815–1874), a gold producer, founder of the city of Bodaibo , mother Varvara Konstantinovna (1826? - 1863), is a representative of the merchant family of Trapeznikov . The Sibiryakovs were known for their commitment to charity : they donated a lot of money to churches and monasteries, as well as to support the poor [2] .
There were brothers Alexander and Konstantin Sibiryakovs, as well as sisters: Olga (1846–?), Antonina (1857–1879), Anna (1863– after 1911).
Education
Primary education I. M. Sibiryakov received at home, then in the Irkutsk Real School (later - Industrial School) studied the courses of exact sciences . In 1875 he moved to St. Petersburg and entered the F. F. Bychkov private gymnasium, in the same year the gymnasium building was purchased in the name of Sibiryakov [3] , now the Gymnasium and the real school of Gurevich are located here.
In August 1880, Innokenty Mikhailovich Sibiryakov entered the natural-mathematical department of the St. Petersburg Imperial University , but because of his illness he interrupted his studies in the early spring of 1881 and left for one of the estates of his brother Constantine. Perhaps one of the causes of the disease was the shock of the murder of March 1, 1881, by the Sovereign Emperor Alexander II . In the fall of 1881, Innocent again began his studies at the university, but at the beginning of 1882, he again interrupted her due to illness.
In October 1884, I. M. Sibiryakov once more entered the University of St. Petersburg, and now the entire 1884/1885 academic year studies the law faculty. October 31, 1885 Innokenty Mikhailovich decides to go to the category of auditors. Thus, Sibiryakov studied for 9 months in the natural science department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and graduated from the first course of the law faculty of St. Petersburg University.
For health reasons, he interrupted his studies several times, and trying to get private lessons, he faced the fact that the professors, knowing about his financial situation, assigned him inconceivable fees [3] . In addition to attending lectures at the University, I. M. Sibiryakov becomes a student at home courses of the outstanding Russian biologist, anatomist, anthropologist, doctor, teacher, and creator of the scientific system of physical education, Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft .
Innokenty Mikhailovich was not only a rich merchant who donated funds to support scientific, cultural and educational projects, but often himself initiated them. Thus, at his suggestion, a number of scientific works were created and published, which have not lost their relevance even nowadays, the Yakutsk ethnographic expedition was organized, which entered the history of geographical science as “Sibiryakovskaya” [4] , financed individual journeys of some scientists and writers [5] .
Charity
Back in 1875, Innokenty Sibiryakov inherited part of the shares of the “Coastal Vitimsk K °” and “K ° Industry ...” [6] . With these funds, Innokentii began charity work while he was still at the gymnasium, helping his classmates [2] .
Over the years, Innokenty Mikhailovich has allocated funds for the education of young people in Russia and in Europe , helping them not only to graduate from college, but also to get on their feet. At 26, he had 70 personal fellows [3] . He actively participated in the work of the Society for Assistance to Students in St. Petersburg Siberians . He allocated about 30 thousand rubles for the opening of museums, schools and libraries in Siberian cities, including Tara , Minusinsk , Tomsk , Barnaul , Ishim , Achinsk , Krasnoyarsk , etc. [3] [5] In particular, in Tomsk in 1882 The Society for the Care of Primary Education was created; in 1884, the first free national city library in Russia was opened, and in 1892 the Museum of Applied Knowledge [7] .
He made an invaluable contribution to the creation of new and development of a number of existing scientific and educational centers of Russia. On his donations, the Bestuzhev courses worked, which under the guardianship of Sibiryakov were able to acquire an educational building and two dormitories (now part of St. Petersburg University ) [8] .
I. M. Sibiryakov donated 50 thousand rubles to the creation of the First Women's Medical Institute in Russia, the current St. Petersburg State Medical University named after academician I. P. Pavlov [5] .
In 1893-1896. Innokenty Mikhailovich was co-owner of JSC shipping and trading on Amur. Gathered an extensive historical library. He also financed a number of scientific expeditions of the VSOIRGO, including the expedition of G. N. Potanin to Inner Asia and Yakutia (1894-1896).
In 1893, he handed over to his teacher, the physiologist Pyotr Frantsevich Lesgaft, 200 thousand rubles and his Petersburg home. Replenishing this amount with funds from selling the house, Lesgaft built the Biological Laboratory building with a natural history museum and its own publishing house, which became the basis for the modern National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health named after PF Lesgaft [3] . Sibiryakov established in the bank a capital of 420 thousand rubles. for the issuance of benefits to the mine workers (1894).
In addition, Sibiryakov contributed to the creation of Tomsk University (the first university in Siberia) and allocated 10 thousand rubles for the expansion of the East-Siberian department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society [9] . For good deeds, contemporaries called Innokenty Mikhailovich “a friend of science and literature” [2] .
He had a special attitude to children's charity organizations . He was elected an honorary member of the Society for the Care of Poor and Sick Children, the Poor Women’s Society donated his dacha in Raivol , where a shelter for girls was set up, donated funds for the creation of libraries in parochial schools and in poor provincial schools [5] .
More than 600 thousand rubles spent on the publication of scientific and fiction literature. Thanks to Sibiryakov, the following books were published: [7]
- Mezhov V. I. The Siberian Bibliography: in 3 t. (1891-1892)
- Mezhov V.I. The Russian Historical Bibliography for 1800-1854: in 3 tons (1892-1893).
- Yadrintsev N. M. Siberia as a colony ( St. Petersburg , 1882)
- Siberian aliens, their life and current situation. N. M. Yadrintsev. Edition I. M. Sibiryakov. St. Petersburg. 1891.
- Workers in the Siberian gold fields. Historical research V.I. Semenovskiy. Volume I. From the beginning of the gold industry in Siberia until 1870. Edition I. M. Sibiryakov. Typography M. Stasyulevich. St. Petersburg. 1898.
- Semevsky V. I. Workers in Siberian gold fields (1898)
- Golovachev D. M. Bibliographic Index on the Siberian Gold Industry ( St. Petersburg , 1890)
- Khudyakov, I. A. Verkhoyansky Collection. Yakut tales, songs, riddles (Irkutsk, 1890)
- Pekarsky E. K. Dictionary of the Yakut language (Yakutsk, 1899)
- Fedorov-Omulevsky I.V. Siberian Motifs ( St. Petersburg , 1886)
The total amount of funds [10] donated to charity amounts to billions of rubles for modern money [9] .
Monasticism
In 1894, Innokenty Mikhailovich decided to become a monk and left to live at the Old Athos Compound in St. Petersburg . Then he organized a fund to pay pensions to his workers, in which he invested 420 thousand rubles. On October 1, 1896, the senior priest of the monastery, Archimandrite David, tonsured him to a monastic rite - the first step to monasticism. After this, the monk Innokenty leaves for Holy Mount Athos , in Greece, at St. Andrew’s skete for prayer service. After this, Innokentiy Mikhailovich Sibiryakov returned to St. Petersburg three more times [5] .
In 1897, Brother Innokenty also deals with charitable exploits: he donates his Foundry-Taurian mug “Society for Benefit to Poor Women” to his Raivolo (now Roshchino) dacha for making an orphanage for girls from four to ten years old. The shelter and capital in the amount of 50 thousand rubles are allocated. This shelter after the death of Schemamonk Innocent began to bear the name of I. M. Sibiryakov. At his expense, a temple was built in the name of St. Nicholas in the 7th gymnasium of St. Petersburg. At his suggestion, the church in the 7th gymnasium was created in memory of the coronation of Emperor Nikolai Alexandrovich and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Usually such actions are characteristic of committed monarchists.
In 1898, brother Innocent, together with his father David, went to Saint Athos. There, on November 28, 1898, the hegumen David tonsured him in a robe with the new name John in honor of the Prophet and John the Forerunner - the Baptist of the Lord. And less than a year later, on August 14, 1899, the monk John (Sibiryakov) took the veil in the great angelic rite - the holy schema - with the name of Innocent in honor of St. Innocent of Irkutsk [5] .
The cell of Archimandrite David and his spiritual novice Schemamonk Innokenty (Sibiryakov) was located near the monastery of St. Andrew. Many pilgrims from Russia and other Orthodox countries, who wanted to personally look at the monk from former millionaires, created a certain obstacle for a solitary prayer life. Schimonah Innocent in perpetual use acquires land on the slopes of Karuli, belonging to the Great Lavra. Russian hermit monks began settling in Karuli from the 19th century, and a whole community of devotees of spirit from Russia was formed there. With the blessing of Father David, the schema-monk Innokenty (Sibiryakov) creates a cell with a three-altar temple on Karul. The main throne was dedicated to St. Innocent of Irkutsk, and the chapels were consecrated in the name of Rev. David of Thessalon (Patron saint of Archimandrite David) and the Sacred Martyr Dionysius Areopagit, the Apostle of Athens - the spiritual mentor of hesyhas monks, devotees of Jesus, Jesus Christ. He also built the Cathedral of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called and the hospital building with a church in the name of St. Innocent of Irkutsk, the first foundations of which were laid in 1868.
In 1897, two churches were completed: St. Innocent of Irkutsk and the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos. The temples of Michael Klopsky, the Great Martyr Barbara at the skete cell of Schemamonk Innocent (Sibiryakov) and in the name of Elijah the Prophet at the skete mill were also built. On the western side of the hermitage, a four-storey building was arranged, where the bread, library, dining room for guests were located, there was also built a church of prayers in honor of Rev. Vissarion and Varsonofy and the Holy Martyr Theodore in memory of the founders of the skete.
On June 16, 1900, the Patriarch of Constantinople Joachim III, in cooperation with Bishop Arseny Volokolamsky (Stadnitsky), then the rector of the Moscow Theological Academy, consecrated the famous St. Athos Cathedral, designed for 6,000 people. This is the largest cathedral not only in Holy Mount Athos, but also in the whole of Greece, thanks to him the St. Andrew's Skete is called the “Kremlin of the East” Many newspapers and magazines wrote about this event, even books were published, but it became known only by a few months after the death of Schemamonk Innokenty (Sibiryakov) thanks to whom the cathedral was built, thanks to the abbot of the skete, Igumen Joseph. By this time most of the legacy of Father Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sibiryakov and the funds earned by his eldest son Alexander Mikhailovich had already been invested in charity, and all the children of M. A. Sibiryakov lived very modestly on the remnants of their wealth.
Schimonkhem Innokentiy died on November 6, 1901 . He was buried in the cemetery of St. Andrew’s Skete, and three years later, according to the Athos custom, the remains were removed from the ground. The flesh decayed completely, and the bones had a yellow amber-honey color, which, according to Athos church tradition, testifies to the special righteousness of man. According to tradition, the bones of the skeleton were laid in the common fraternal ossuary of St. Andrew’s Skete, and the skull was placed in the wooden icon case , in the St. Andrew’s Skete, on the Mount Athos, to the place of honor where he now remains. [8] .
Karulskaya kellia of St. Innocent of Irkutsk, erected by Schemamonk Innokentiy (Sibiryakov) and his spiritual father, Archimandrite David (Mukhranov), suffered from a large fire in the early 2000s, which left behind only ruins.
Now, the schema-monks Innokenty Sibiryakov on Holy Mount Athos and in Russia, especially in Siberia, are revered as an ascetic, and zealots for him serve the requiem for him. The zealots of honoring the memory of Schemamonk Innocent suggest solving the question of his official church glorification in the ranks of the venerable and unmercenary .
Church Donations
During his life, I. M. Sibiryakov managed to donate enormous funds to the Orthodox Church , the most significant of them: [8]
- Several hundred thousand rubles for the construction of the Kazan Church in Irkutsk and the temple in the name of St. Innocent of Irkutsk in the village of Omola on the Lena River.
- 147 thousand rubles as a gift to the Bogoyavlensky monastery in Uglich .
- 25 thousand rubles for the needs of Holy Trinity Nicholas Monastery .
- 2 million 400 thousand rubles donated to his spiritual father David, who sent them to needy Russian monasteries, to erect the buildings of St. Andrew's Skete in St. Petersburg , the construction of the Cathedral of St. Andrew the First-Called and the hospital building in St. Andrew's monastery on Mount Athos .
- Funds for the device cell with a temple in the name of Innokenti Irkutsk and David of Thessalon on Mount Athos .
- 10 thousand rubles for the creation of the Resurrection skete of the Valaam Monastery .
In the cinema
- “ Innokenty Sibiryakov. Help me ... I'm scary rich! "- a documentary film (Russia, 2016).
Notes
- ↑ SIBIRYAKOV • Great Russian Encyclopedia - electronic version . bigenc.ru. The appeal date is July 3, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Shorokhova T.S. Collecting treasures in Heaven . Trade service of the Novospassky monastery (October 2005). The appeal date is November 23, 2012. Archived December 18, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Innokenty Sibiryakov: Life and feat of a millionaire . Orthodoxy and Peace (November 12, 2010). The appeal date is November 23, 2012. Archived December 18, 2012.
- ↑ Anna Sirina. “Soon there will be two years, as we are engaged in expeditionary work ...” Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS. The appeal date is November 23, 2012. Archived December 18, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sibiryakov I. M. . blagie.ru The appeal date is October 28, 2012. Archived December 14, 2011.
- ↑ In 1896 he transferred his share to his brother Konstantin.
- ↑ 1 2 I. M. Sibiryakov - native Siberia . Baikal region (November 07, 2008). The appeal date is November 23, 2012. Archived December 18, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Enlightened Philanthropist . Russian folk line (05/26/2005). The appeal date is November 23, 2012. Archived December 18, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Innokentiy Mikhailovich Sibiryakov: Hero of the Christian spirit . Savior Church. The appeal date is November 23, 2012. Archived December 18, 2012.
- ↑ Excluding fairly frequent secret donations
Literature
- I. M. Sibiryakov // Siberian trade newspaper. No. 73. April 1, 1898. Tyumen.
- IM Sibiryakov // Siberian trade newspaper. No. 267. December 2, 1901. Tyumen.
- Obituary // Siberian Commerce Newspaper. No. 258. November 21, 1901. Tyumen.
- Siberian trade newspaper. Number 205. September 20, 1898. Tyumen.
- Innokentiy Mikhailovich Sibiriakov // Siberian commercial and industrial calendar for 1911. St. Petersburg. 1911.
- Innokentiy Mikhailovich Sibiryakov (1861–1901) // Illustrated Supplement to No. 115 of the Siberian Life newspaper. June 1, 1903. Tomsk.
- Sibiryakov, Innokentiy Mikhailovich // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extras). - SPb. , 1890-1907.