Magnitsky List

In 2007, 5.4 billion rubles were stolen from the Russian budget, which is considered the largest one-time theft of funds from the state budget of Russia in history ^[3] . The first to discover this crime were employees of Firestone Duncan, which served the legal interests of the Hermitage Capital Management investment fund, among which were Eduard Khairetdinov, Vladimir Pastukhov, Jamison Firestone and Sergey Magnitsky ^[4] . They initiated an investigation into the embezzlement of budget funds, within the framework of which the list of participants in the crime became obvious, including several dozen employees of various Russian executive authorities.

On November 24, 2008, Sergei Magnitsky was arrested on charges of assisting the head of the Hermitage Capital Management Fund, William Browder, in tax evasion. After 11 months of pre-trial detention, Sergei died in the hospital of Detention Center No. 1 in Moscow. The initiator of his arrest and investigator in his case turned out to be key participants in the theft revealed by Sergey and his colleagues.

In April 2010, Senator Benjamin Cardin asked Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to close the US visa corridor for 60 Russian officials involved in this theft and in Sergei’s death. In May of that year, the family of the late S. Magnitsky received official condolences from President Barack Obama . In September 2010, the US Congress voted in favor of Cardin’s initiative. The European Parliament did the same in December.

On December 16, 2010, the European Parliament voted in favor of a resolution calling for the ban on entry to EU countries by Russian officials involved in the case of Sergei Magnitsky. The resolution is not binding, but recommends that governments of the EU countries study the possibility of visa and financial sanctions against persons mentioned in documents related to the Magnitsky case ^[5] .

In the American Congress, the initiative of Cardin and Makover was considered under the name of English. Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 ^[6] . The future law was drafted so that the executive authorities of the United States at any time had the opportunity to add and remove people from the "List ...": it "will be open for replenishment, but closed to the public" ^[7] .

In September 2012, it became known that Britain had already enacted its “Magnitsky Act” ^{[8] [9]} . Then it became known that the introduction of sanctions within the countries provided for by the “Magnitsky law” was proposed by the deputies of Sweden and the Netherlands ^[10] . In addition to the USA and Great Britain, the authorities of Canada, Poland and Estonia spoke about their readiness to join the sanctions against Sergey’s killers at different times ^[8] .

In December 2012, US President Barack Obama signed into English. Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 , known as the Magnitsky Act , creating a mechanism that allows the US Secretary of State to include any foreign corrupt officials and criminals in the sanctions list without the consent of Congress. The first 18 people were officially listed on April 12, 2013.

Below is a list of people in Cardin's original list. It was published in April 2010 on the website of the American Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe ^{] [ 1] [11]} which was then chaired by Ben Cardin. The list contains the names of Russian officials and a brief description of the role of each of them in the Magnitsky case. ^{[12] [13]}

In the resolution of the European Parliament of December 16, 2010, the list of Cardin was supplemented by another character - judge Arthur Karpov .

On April 12, 2013, the United States added two persons unrelated to the Magnitsky case to its list:

• Lecha Bogatyryov, suspected of killing Umar Israilov (former bodyguard of Ramzan Kadyrov ).
• Kazbek Dukuzov, suspected of murder in Moscow of the chief editor of the Russian Forbes publication Paul Khlebnikov .

In April 2014, the European Parliament adopted another resolution - a ban on entry into the EU countries and the freezing of European assets (if any) 32 persons who, according to European deputies, are directly responsible for the death of Sergei Magnitsky ^[14] .

In January 2017, the list included:

• Alexander Bastrykin ;
• Stanislav Gordievsky;
• Dmitry Kovtun;
• Andrey Lugovoi ;
• Gennady Plaksin. ^[15]

On December 20, 2017, Ramzan Kadyrov was added to the list, as well as the head of the Argun police department Ayub Kataev, who was called involved in the persecution and torture of gays in Chechnya in 2017. Also on the list were some Julia Mayorova, Andrei Pavlov, Alexei Sheshenya. ^[sixteen]

On December 21, the son of the Prosecutor General of Russia, Artyom Chaika, was put on the list with the wording for using the position of his father to unfairly win government contracts, receive state assets and to influence business competitors ^[17] .

• The European Parliament adopted the Magnitsky List (Neopr.) . Novaya Gazeta (April 3, 2014). Date of treatment March 31, 2015.