John Ericsson ( born John Ericsson ; July 31, 1803 , Sweden - March 8, 1889 , New York , USA ) is an American engineer and inventor of Swedish origin. Best known as the creator of the famous armored ship Monitor . He also designed the Novelty locomotive in partnership with engineer John Braithwaite . He is considered the inventor of the propeller in shipbuilding. [4] [5]
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| Date of Birth | July 31, 1803 |
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| Date of death | March 8, 1889 (85 years old) |
| Place of death | New York |
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| Awards and prizes | Rumford Award (1862) |
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His younger brother was Nils Erickson , also a renowned engineer.
Content
Biography
Olaf, the father of John and Niels, was the head of the mines. At the age of 14, Ericsson was already working as a surveyor on the Geta Canal .
At the age of 17, in the province of Jämtland , he received the rank of lieutenant of the Swedish Ground Forces , and was sent to northern Sweden for a topographic survey. Young Ericsson personally shot more than 80 km.
In 1823, John Ericsson invented the first heat engine, which was driven by heated air. Having retired, in 1826 he went to England to apply his invention there. Although he achieved almost no success here, he still decided to devote himself to mechanics and soon invented a steam pump, a condenser, and a new type of steam boiler.
Ericsson installed this boiler on his new Novelty steam locomotive, and in 1829 he took part in a competition for the best and fastest steam locomotive, in which George Stephenson nevertheless defeated with his Rocket . [four]
In 1839, John Ericsson moved to the United States and has since lived in New York. Here in 1843 he built the warship USS Princeton (1843) - the first steamboat with an engine under the waterline and a propeller , which caused a revolution in the construction of military steam ships.
During the outbreak of the American Civil War, John Ericsson became known for building a warship of the USS Monitor special device, which he later improved into a destroyer.
His later inventions included the so-called “Solar machine” (Solarmaschine), which collects sun rays on a special mirror and serves as a direct source of heat.
Links
- ↑ 1 2 People active in the building of ships and boats - 2015.
- ↑ Hildebrand B. (unspecified title) - S. 94.
- ↑ LIBRIS - 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Swedish inventors: Jon Ericsson sverigesradio.se
- ↑ John Ericsson and the new generation forbes.ru ships
Compositions
- “Solar investigation” (New York, 1875);
- "Contributions to the Centennial Exhibition" (New York, 1877).
Literature
- Erickson, John // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.