Philip Murray ( May 25, 1886 , , Scotland - November 9, 1952 , San Francisco ) - American trade unionist and prominent figure in the labor movement of Scottish descent, the first president of the United America's Steelworkers' Union. Since 1936, became an active member of the US Congress of Industrial Unions ; in 1940 he was elected its president and held this post until his death.
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Biography
Born into a poor family of a miner and weaver, he worked at a coal mine since 10 years. In 1902 he emigrated to the United States, where he also worked at a mine in southwestern Pennsylvania . He began to participate in the labor movement since 1904. In 1905, having no formal education, for six months he completed correspondence courses in mathematics; in 1911 received American citizenship. In 1912, Murray became a member of the international council of the Union of American Miners, from 1920 to 1942 he was its vice president. He was a supporter and follower of , another major American leader of the labor movement; in 1936, at his request, created the steelworkers' union and was at its head until 1942, then becoming president of the USWA (United Steelworkers of America), which replaced the old organization. Two years earlier, on November 22, 1940, he replaced Lewis as president of the US Congress of Industrial Unions.
Philip Murray is known for his active support of the US government during both the First and Second World Wars : in particular, during the First World War, Woodrow Wilson was appointed head of the Pennsylvania branch of the National Organization of Military Labor, and during the Second World War he participated in organizational activities for expansion of production and advocated the abolition of racial discrimination in military factories. After the war ended, his relations with the government deteriorated, he actively opposed Truman's policy of nationalizing the steel industry and led several major strikes. He is also known for refusing to sign the "anti-communist oath", although in 1949-1950 he personally expelled a number of communists from the union. He died in 1952 from a heart attack.
See also
- James Carey
Bibliography
- Angelo, Pat. Philip Murray, Union Man. A life story - Philadelphia, Pa.: Xlibris Corporation, 2003. - ISBN 1-4010-9327-2 .
- Bernstein, Barton J. The Truman Administration and the Steel Strike of 1946. // Journal of American History. - 52: 4 (March 1966).
- Brody, David. Steelworkers in America: The Nonunion Era. - N. Y .: Harper Torchbooks, 1969.
- Chamberlain, John. Philip Murray. // Life . - P. 78-90.
- Clark, Paul F .; Gottlieb, Peter; and Kennedy, Donald (eds.) Forging a Union of Steel: Philip Murray, SWOC, and the United Steelworkers. - Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, 1987 .-- ISBN 0-87546-134-4 .
- Fink, Gary M. (ed.) Biographical Dictionary of American Labor. - Westport, Ct .: Greenwood Press, 1984. - ISBN 0-313-22865-5 .
- Herling, John. Right to Challenge: People and Power in the Steelworkers Union. - N. Y .: Harper & Row, 1972. - ISBN 0-06-011834-2 .
- Madison, Charles A. American Labor Leaders: Personalities and Forces in the Labor Movement. - N. Y .: Harper, 1950.
- Marcus, Maeva. Truman and the Steel Seizure Case: The Limits of Presidential Power. - N. Y .: Columbia University Press, 1977 .-- ISBN 0-231-04126-8 .
- Tate, Juanita Diffay. Philip Murray as a Labor Leader. / PhD dissertation. - New York University, 1962.
- Watkinson, James D. An Exercise in Futility: The Guffey Coal Act of 1935. / Pennsylvania History. # 54 (April 1987).
- Zieger, Robert H. The CIO, 1935-1955. - Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1995 .-- ISBN 0-8078-2182-9 .