Tsagan-Usun

It is located 19 km southeast of the center of the rural settlement, Yonhor village, on the left bank of the Selenga River , 2 km from the border with Mongolia . In these places there are Hun burials and Siberian apricot grows.

The nearest railway stations are Naushki (9 km to the southeast), Khuzhir (25 km to the northeast).

The climate is sharply continental. The average temperature in summer is + 21.5 ° С, in winter –30 ° С, and the average annual temperature is -1.6 ° С. The annual amount of precipitation does not exceed 200 mm per year.

18th century

The village was founded as a border guard after the signing of the Burinsky Treaty (1727) by the Cossacks settled here to protect the border with the Qing Empire .

In 1727, the Tsagan-Usunsky guard consisted of ten Buryat yurts and one Russian Cossack with comrades ^[2] .

Officially, the guard was established by Count S. L. Raguzinsky in 1728. In the schedule from 1840 in the Tsagan-Usunsky guard there were 10 Russian Cossacks of the lower ranks and 20 foreigners of the lower ranks guarding 9 versts of the border line and 3 versts deep into the border. The sentry belonged to the Troitskosavsky distance of the Kharatsai branch ^[3] .

XIX century

Since 1851, with the formation of the Zabakal Cossack army , the Tsagan-Usun stanitsa was under the jurisdiction of the Troitskosavsky border control and belonged to the 1st military department. The village included settlements: Dyurbensky farm , Ubur-Selenginsky, Dzhidinsky Enhor .

On April 28, 1866, a missionary church was laid. The construction was carried out at the expense of the Kyakhta merchant M. V. Shishmakov ^[4] . In 1867, the construction of the Tsagan-Usun Nikolaev Missionary Church was completed. The throne in the church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was consecrated on July 18, 1867. There were 4 bells on the bell tower: one festive, large, weighing 4 pounds, the remaining three - everyday, weighing 3, 4 and 9 pounds. There was a library at the church, which contained liturgical books in leather, velvet bindings, published at the Moscow Synodal Printing House.

In 1875, the Tsagan-Usun parish school was founded. According to 1881, it was placed in a hired house, with a payment of 37 rubles per year. On the maintenance of the school was released per year: from the State Treasury - 225 rubles., From the funds of the stanitsa society - 162 rubles. Then the school was transformed into a parish school.

XX century

In 1929, Tsagan-Usuns created the Red Plowman commune, which lasted six months, and then was transformed into a Frunze collective farm .

In 1935, the village of Tsagan-Usun became part of the Dzhidinsky aimak.

In 1953, by a decision of the executive committee of the Dzhidinsky Aymachi Council of Workers' Deputies, the nearby farms were merged into a large Malenkov artel with a center in the village of Yonghor . At the end of 1959, the artel was transformed into the Oktyabrsky state farm with a center in Dyrestuy. Its structure included departments of the villages Dyrestuy , Zarubino , Yonhor, Tsagan-Usun and ulus Galyn Ochi.

S.F. Khoroshikh, a native of Yonhor, was appointed manager of Tsagan-Usunsky branch No. 4. Under his leadership, 30 private residential buildings, 12 semi-detached houses were built in Tsagan-Usun. The number of livestock increased in the farm, the cultivated area expanded, there was an apiary, a forge, a mill, a sawmill, a diesel generator. In the village there was an elementary school, a medical assistant, a club.

Then Tsagan-Usun became a branch of the Fattening state farm, on the basis of which the Dzhidinsky state farm was created. Its director was N.V. Bukholtsev. Under his leadership, a school and a hotel were built in the village.

In the 1990s, the state farm "Dzhidinsky" became a subsidiary farm of the East Siberian Railway . During this period, new residential buildings were built in Tsagan-Usun, a secondary school was opened. Then the farm was transformed into the SEC "Dzhidinsky", which lasted until 2007.

Until 2012, the village formed the Tsagan-Usunsky rural settlement. Since 2012, Yonkhor and Tsagan-Usun rural settlements have been merged into the Yonkhor village rural settlement ^[5] .

In the early 1960s there were about 65 households (families) and up to 300 people of the whole population, in the early 1970s there were already up to 100 households (families) and over 400 people.

Currently, 304 people live in the village, of which 204 are over 18.

• Basic comprehensive school
• Paramedic-midwife station
• Mail at home
• Border outpost

Residents of the village are employed in the agricultural sector, mainly in livestock. Most of the population lives at the expense of personal farmsteads, and part of it works in the village of Naushki, Kyakhtinsky District, which is 9 km across the Selenga River.

Parking Hererezurin Uri (Paleolithic). Located 10 km north-east of the village. Tsagan-Usun, southwest of the city of Mahai along the north-eastern slope of the ravine, located in the north-western part of the terrace of the river. Selenga.

Burial ground I. Point I Bourgastay valley (Round city) (II — I millennium BC. E.). Located 2.5 km north-east of the village. Tsagan-Usun in the Burgastai valley (Round town), begin 25-30 m east of the edge of the arable land for 3 km inland in the northwest direction.

Burial ground II (Red clay) (II — I millennium BC). Located 7-8 km from the village. Tsagan-Usun, 9-10 km along the road from Enhor to Tsagan-Usun, north of the road to the Red Clay tract at the foot of a rocky ridge on the southern slope.

• Asalkhanov I. A. Research and materials on the history of Buryatia / Ulan-Ude, 1968 - 220 pp. /
• Asalkhanov I. A. Research and materials on the history of Buryatia / Ulan-Ude, 1973 - 173 pp. /
• Andreev I.G. et al. A Brief Guide on the History of Russia and Buryatia / Ulan-Ude, 1993 - 135 pp. /
• Zalkind E. M. From the history of the peoples of Buryatia / Ulan-Ude, 1962 - 191 p. /
• Zalkind E. M. et al. Essays on the history of the culture of Buryatia / Ulan-Ude, 1974 - 645 pp. /
• Lubsanov D. D. Kyakhta - 250 years / Ulan-Ude, 1979 - 101 p. /
• Spector M.M. Kyakhta - 250 years / Kyakhta, 1977 - 71 pp. /
• Tsaganov M.D. Amar Sayn, the land of Dzhidinskaya! - 1999 - 69 p.
• I know the world. / Children's Encyclopedia. History / M. TKO "AST", 1996. 507 pp.
• Historical and Cultural Atlas of Buryatia / M., “Design. Information. Cartography "2001 - 679 p. /

• Official site of the municipality "Dzhidinsky district"
• The page of the village Tsagan-Usun on the site "Native village" (inaccessible link)
• Durbeny - area near the village of Zarubino, Dzhidinsky district of Buryatia