The Cathedral Church of St. Stanislav ( Belor. The Cathedral Church of the Svyatog Stanislav ) is a Catholic church in Pinsk . Unsaved monument of Belarusian architecture of the mid-17th century.
| Catholic temple | |
| Catholic church of St. Stanislav | |
|---|---|
| Belor. Castel Svyatog Stanislav | |
 Catholic church of St. Stanislav. Polish postcard (1939) | |
| A country |  Republic of Belarus |
| City | Pinsk |
| Denomination | Catholicism |
| Order affiliation | Jesuits |
| Architectural style | baroque |
| Founder | Albrecht Stanislav Radziwill |
| First mention | 1635 year |
| Established | 1635 year |
| Building | 1635 - 1648 years |
| Date of Abolition | 1953 year |
| Status | unreserved monument of architecture |
Content
Church History
The construction of the cathedral church of St. Stanislav was started in 1635 . It was built under the Pinsk Jesuit College at the expense of the Pinsk elder, Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Albrecht Stanislav Radziwill . Finished in 1648 . At that time it was the largest church of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
In 1655, it was ruined by the Cossacks.
In May 1657, Catholic saint Andrei Bobol was buried in the crypt of the church; subsequently, his relics were transported to Warsaw [1] .
In 1787-1799, the church belonged to the Uniates . After the accession of Belarus to the Russian Empire, the monastery with the church was taken from the Jesuits and given to the Basilians . In 1800, the monastery was consecrated as the Orthodox Epiphany (the Minsk Monastery of the Epiphany was transferred here). When Pinsk was near Poland (1918-1938), Catholics again began to serve in the church of St. Stanislav.
The Russian writer N. S. Leskov , passing Pinsk, wrote:
The Jesuit Church, now converted into an Orthodox church, is extremely beautiful. It was built during the time of the Vishnevetsky princes. If you look at Pinsk from behind the Pina River, then this temple and the house of Skirmut seem to reign over a wooden city. Inside the cathedral, we could not find anything remarkable except for two unbleached frescoes, everything else is whitewashed [2] .
About the church in 1939 there is a curious recollection of the emigre pinchman Julius Margolin (1900-1971):
... a group of 20 accomplices with red bandages on their sleeves (mostly Jewish communists) ran to the standing guns and tanks on Pilsudskogo Street (Pervomaiskaya) and specifically said that someone allegedly climbed onto the church and shot at the Red Army and the Communists. A tank drove up and one gun, they started firing at the turret and pulpit. The roof, one tower and murals were destroyed. No traces of anyone in the building were found [3] .
At that time, the church inside almost burnt out, the roof collapsed.
In 1953, during the reconstruction of the city and the installation of a monument to V.I. Lenin on the square, the church was blown up.
Church Architecture
The church was built of brick, typical of the then monumental architecture - the size was 27 × 12 × 5 cm. The volume of the church was 40 thousand m³, height - 28 m, the greatest width of the facade - 25 m. In the main part of the facade of the church there were side wings, completed by semicircles walls with arched openings. The facade also had two 11-meter three-story towers. Crosses were at a height of 28 m.
As in most Jesuit churches, the internal wooden walls of the church of St. Stanislav were decorated with art carvings, the vault was frescoed with “Jesus Raising Lazarus”. Inside the church were paired columns. Above the side naves on the second and third floors there were spaces for choirs [4] .
The historian of Belarusian architecture T. Gabrus suggests that “the interiors of the church and the collegium were probably decorated with Jesuit artists Jakub Bretzer (1690-1733) and Ignatius Doretti (1703-1763). The walls of the church were painted with frescoes on the themes of the life of St. Stanislav " [5] .
In the years 1749-1753, the architect Jan Tupalt (1707-1769) started a major restructuring of the church. The art critic S. Adamovich writes: “It was then that stone towers were erected instead of wooden ones, the facades were decorated with gypsum sculptures, and on both sides of the facade original wings were erected, which also served as bell towers. According to contemporaries, the church impressed not only with its size, but also with the special work of the best European masters who created a gallery of magnificent frescoes, decorated the interior of the temple with wood carvings, sculptural compositions, and bronze items ” [6] .
After the abolition of the Jesuit Order in 1773, the church was renovated after a fire and the collapse of the ceilings - that is, it apparently was completely rebuilt in the third quarter of the 18th century in the late Baroque style .
In Belarus there was another church of St. Stanislav (1454-1842) - in Madel .
Notes
- ↑ Andrey Bobol (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment October 17, 2012. Archived September 21, 2008.
- ↑ N. Leskov. From one travel diary
- ↑ Margolin, Julius. When the Red Army Liberated Pinsk (Commentary [American Jewish Committee]. - 1952 (Dec.). - Vol. 14. - No. 6. - P. 517-528.
- ↑ Slyunkova I.N. Monasteries of Eastern and Western traditions. The heritage of architecture of Belarus. - M .: Progress tradition. 2002. - S. 340
- ↑ Gabrus T. Muravaniya haraly. - Mn., 2001
- ↑ Adamovich S. The complex of the Pinsky Jesuit Monastery // Our Faith . - 1999. - No. 3. - S. 32-36.
Literature
- Blinova T. Jesuits in Belarus: the role of the Jesuits in the organization of education and enlightenment. - Grodno, 2002.
- Galenchanka G. Z. Gistory of the Tsarist-Religious Adnos in Pinshchyna ў XVI — XVII Art. // Navukova-practical kanferentsy, highlighted 900-year-old juju of Pinsk. - Pinsk, 1997 .-- S. 12-16.
- Yarashevich A. Пінскія кляштары // Our Faith . - 1999. - No. 3. - S. 26-31.
- Enceklapedy literatura i mastastva Belarusi. - Mn., Belarus Savetskaya encyclopedia, 1987. - T. 4. - P. 288.