Great Ustyug

The name of the city, Ustyug, comes, according to one version, from a location near the mouth of the South . According to another version, the name came along with immigrants from Gleden , located at the mouth of Ustyug.

The epithet "Great" city received for its role in history and commercial importance. In the XVI century, the commercial value of Ustyug grew so much that Ivan IV included him in the number of oprichnina cities that gave money "for sovereign use." It was during this period that the name Great was established for him.

The confluence of the rivers South and Sukhon

Veliky Ustyug is one of the ancient Russian cities. The beginning of Ustyug was laid by the Rostov-Suzdal princes .

They founded the first settlement in the XIII century on a high mountain four kilometers from the modern city on the North Dvina waterway at the confluence of Sukhona with the South, and since you could see the surroundings from this mountain, the settlement was called "Gleden" ("Glazed" )

However, this settlement did not exist for long. Peipsi tribes , and then Novgorodians and Vyatchans often besieged and burned it, and the waters of the rivers, washing and flooding the banks, brought a lot of disasters to people, and after the destruction of the Vyatchans again in the 15th century, the city did not revive.

In view of this, already in the XIII century, posad people began to move to the left bank of Sukhona and founded a new settlement there, named after the mouth of the South , Ust-South or Ustyug.

XIII-XIV centuries

For the first time in the sources the city of Ustyug may be mentioned in 1207. Vladimir Prince Vsevolod gives the Big Nest to his son Konstantin for Rostov with five cities, it is assumed that Ustyug is among them (although not listed in the listing).

Most likely, it was a watchdog settlement (in the area of ​​the Assumption Cathedral), an outpost of Rostov against Novgorod. For a long time he did not have a fort or a capital fortification.

The first indisputable written mention: in 1212, the Monk Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery was founded by the Monk Kiprian Ustyuzhsky in the Russian North. In fact, this laid the foundation and development of a real city on the left side of the Sukhona River.

In 1218, Ustyug was attacked by the Kama Bulgars , who were fighting the Russian princes over the Volga-Kama waterway, giving access to rich hunting grounds.

The city was plundered, but managed to recover quickly. Two years later, Princes Yuri and Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich led the Russian squads against the Bulgars "from the Rostov regiment of the ambassador, and the other from Ustyug to the top of the Kama."

Having wedged itself in the northeast in the possession of the Novgorod Republic , Ustyug from its very foundation served as a stronghold of the Rostov-Suzdal princes, blocking the road to the ancient Zavolochye (see Ustyuzhsky Chronicle Code ). From 1364 to 1474, the Principality of Ustyug existed with a center in Veliky Ustyug.

Late 14th Century - 17th Century

In the XIV-XV centuries the struggle that broke out over the North did not leave Ustyug aside. Novgorodians attacked him six times. Ustyuzhans supported the Moscow princes.

At the end of the 14th century, under the Grand Duke Vasily I, Ustyug was finally entrenched in the Grand Duchy of Moscow . In 1446, Ustyug repelled the raid of the Tatars. In the middle of the XVI century Ustyug ceased to be a border fortification and lost its military significance. However, due to its favorable geographical position (due to the opening of a trade route along the Sukhon and Northern Dvina to the White Sea ), it continued to develop as a shopping center. The growth of trade was the impetus for the development of handicraft industries and art crafts.

In the XVI century, the commercial value of Ustyug grew so much that Ivan IV included him in the number of oprichnina cities that gave money "for sovereign use." It was during this period that the name Great was established for him.

The XVII century was the heyday of Great Ustyug, as for other cities that stood on the North Dvina waterway. Almost all the foreign trade of the Russian state, due to the lack of access to the Baltic Sea, was carried out along the Dvina through Arkhangelsk. Until the end of the XVII century, the city was the center of the vast territory of the Veliky Ustyug region.

Following the example of St. Stephen of Perm, the Ustyuzhans are exploring new lands: they are moving to Siberia, the Far East, and Russian America. A reminder of this in the modern city is the streets named after the names of Ustyuzhan Dezhnev , Atlasov , Mikhail Matveevich Buldakov , Nevodchikov, Shalaurov , Bakhov .

XVIII - beginning of XX century

In the XVIII century, in connection with the movement of trade routes, Veliky Ustyug, like many other northern cities, lost its commercial and transport significance. With the loss of former glory, the administrative position of Ustyug also changed.

In 1708, when Peter I divided the country into eight provinces, Veliky Ustyug became part of the Arkhangelogorod province , became the center of Velikoustyugsky uyezd and received the status of a provincial city, (since 1719 the center of Veliky Ustyug province), and since 1780 as part of the Vologda governorate . In the XIX century, he entered as a county town of the Vologda province .

At the end of the 18th century, several large fires occurred in the city because of the “ceaseless crowding”, as a result of which almost the entire village burned out. Several plans for rebuilding the city were proposed. The land surveyor Golubev was finally approved, which is considered an example of preserving the old buildings.

In the RSFSR

In April 1920, the chairman of the local city executive committee, E. E. Gorovoi, proposed to establish a state university in the city ^[3] .

In 1918-1929, Veliky Ustyug was the center of the North Dvina province of the RSFSR. Then, in 1929-1930, the city was the center of the North Dvinsky District of the Northern Territory (Arkhangelsk). After the abolition of the district from 1930 to 1936, together with the Veliky Ustyug district, it was part of the Northern Territory (Arkhangelsk). In 1936-1937 - the district center of the Northern Region (Arkhangelsk). After the abolition of the Northern Region on September 23, 1937, it became a part of the Vologda Region together with the Veliky Ustyug District as a regional center.

In 1921-1922, the North-Dvinsk University , the first in the Russian North, was formed in the city. The Teachers Institute acted. In the 30s of the XX century, great damage was caused to the original architectural appearance of the city, many cathedrals, churches and chapels were destroyed and disfigured. In particular, the churches of John the Baptist, Trinity (1705), Alexander Nevsky (1707), Barbara the Great Martyr (1709), Varlaam Khutinsky (1704), the Resurrection (1710), the Nativity of Christ (1716), John the Theologian (1720), Peter and Paul (1749), as well as the Yaikovsky Filippovsky Monastery.

Geographical position

Veliky Ustyug is located in the north-east of the European part of Russia in the central part of the East European Plain on the left bank of the Sukhona River, at the source of the Northern Dvina . The average altitude is 70 m. To Vologda, the distance is 450 km, to Moscow - 914 km, to St. Petersburg - 1100 km, to Kotlas - 69 km.

Climate

The average date of the first steady frosts in Veliky Ustyug is November 18.

Timezone

The city of Veliky Ustyug, as well as the entire Vologda Oblast , is located in the time zone designated by the international standard as Moscow Time (MSK). The offset relative to UTC is +3: 00.

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 486th place out of 1,115 ^[19] cities of the Russian Federation ^[20] .

In 2006, the plant for the production of wood fuel pellets (pellets) - the largest in the country. In 2010, it stopped production due to lack of sales, but in 2018 its work was resumed.

In the XVII century in Veliky Ustyug there was a well-known Russian folk art craft - the Great Ustyug blackening on silver . In 1933, the Northern Mobile artel was formed, which later turned into the Northern Mobile factory, which produces silver art products, including jewelry, which employs about 500 people ^[21] . The souvenirs of the Velikoustyugskie Uzory factory are also known (weaving, carving and painting on birch bark : caskets , bowls , etc.). A brush-brush factory has been operating in the city since 1922.

On January 1, 2006, the urban settlement “The City of Veliky Ustyug” was formed, which, in addition to the city itself, included the village of Slobodka , formerly part of the Yudinsky Village Council ^[22] . The OKTMO code is 19 614 101.

The city is divided into 6 micro-districts: Center , Second Part , Gora , Yaikovo , Borki and the Central District Hospital . The city lines include the villages of Dobrynino, Dymkovo , Koromyslovo, Marinino.

Center - the historical district of the city. The main monuments of history and culture are concentrated here.

The city has preserved 28 churches of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

Churches and Monasteries of Veliky Ustyug County

• Cathedral courtyard:
  • Cathedral of Procopius the Righteous
  • Assumption Cathedral
  • St. John's Cathedral
  • The Bishop’s House and with the Church of St. Alexis of Moscow
  • Epiphany Church
• St. Michael the Archangel Monastery
• Znamenno-Filippovsky monastery
• John the Baptist Monastery
• Transfiguration Monastery
• Church of the Ascension (XVII century)
• Church of Simeon the Pillars (XVIII century)
• Mironositskaya church

•  

  Transfiguration Church

•  

  St. Michael the Archangel Monastery

•  

  St. Procopius Cathedral

•  

  Church of Simeon the Pillars (XVIII century)

Civil architecture

Several dozen monuments of civil architecture of the XIX century :

• Usov House
• Okhlopkov House
• House Marigold
• Manor of Buldakov

On the initiative of the former Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov and the Vologda Oblast Governor Vyacheslav Pozgalev , in 1999 the Vologda Oblast has launched a tourism project called Veliky Ustyug - Fatherland of Santa Claus. The grand opening of the House of Santa Claus took place on December 25, 1999.

Tourist trains from Moscow, St. Petersburg , Vologda , Kazan go to Veliky Ustyug, specialized bus trips are developed.

In the first three years (from 1999 to 2002 ), the number of tourists visiting the city of Veliky Ustyug increased from 2 thousand to 32 thousand ^[23] . According to the statement of the then Governor of the Vologda Oblast Vyacheslav Pozgalyov, from the beginning of the project, more than a million letters from children from various countries were sent to Santa Claus, the goods turnover in the city grew 15 times, unemployment decreased ^[24] .

According to the House of Santa Claus, in 2009 the homeland of the wizard was visited by 204,849 people. Compared to the beginning of 2009, in 2010 the number of guests increased by 12%. The number of letters that came to the Wizard's Post is also a plus compared to last year and amounted to 157 thousand ^[25] .

In 2018, the annual flow of tourists to the "homeland" of Santa Claus reached 300 thousand people. ^[26]

Culture

• The city has a Veliky Ustyug cultural and leisure center, which includes the House of Culture, the city park of culture and leisure and the Center for Traditional Folk Culture “Lad”. ^[27] .
  • The House of Culture was opened in 1949 in a building that in 1844 belonged to the merchant Grigory Usov. In 2014, 40 club associations worked in the House of Culture, including: the honored folklore group "Istoki", the folk dance group "Ustyuzhanochka", the children's dance group "Forget-me-nots", the folk circus "Courage", the folk choir of veterans, the folk group- club of harmonists “Sukhonsky search” and others ^[28] .
  • A recreation and culture park located in the city center and part of the former merchant estate of Ustyug merchant M. M. Buldakov , dates back to 1824, when it was presented to the city and became the “Public Garden”. In 1937, the “Public Garden” was renamed the “City Park”, and since 2009 it is named after M. M. Buldakov . The oldest park in the Vologda Oblast with relict trees and linden alley of the 19th century, recreation areas and attractions is a favorite place for families and city events ^[29] .
  • The center of traditional folk culture “Lad”, created in 2007 with the aim of preserving and restoring folk traditions, includes: weaving workshops, workshops for sewing and reconstructing traditional folk costume, patchwork, painting, weaving and carving for birch bark, lace weaving, clay toy, folk doll and others ^[30] .
• The Veliky Ustyug State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve is a multidisciplinary museum complex, on the balance of which there are 27 monuments of federal significance, including: the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (XVII – XVIII centuries) , St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral (XVII century) , Troitsky Cathedral of the Trinity Monastery of Gledensky (XVII – XVIII centuries) . The Museum-Reserve has a modern storage facility (depository) with expositions of storage available to visitors, restoration workshops and a lecture and exhibition hall. For the project “Restoration of an architectural monument of the 19th – early 20th centuries“ The Chebaevsky estate ”and the creation of the Storage Facility of the Veliky Ustyug State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, the museum’s creative team was awarded the 2008 Vologda Oblast State Prize in the field of culture and art. There are 5 museums in the structure of the museum-reserve: the Museum of the History and Culture of Veliky Ustyug, the Museum of Ethnography, the Museum of Old Russian Art, the Museum of Nature and the Museum of New Year and Christmas Toys ^[31] .

Healthcare

In Veliky Ustyug there are the following health-improving institutions:

• Velikoustyugskaya Central District Hospital
• Две детские поликлиники
• Взрослая поликлиника
• Поликлиника восстановительного лечения
• Центр здоровья

Education

В городе расположены 6 школ, гимназия, коррекционная школа-интернат и школа рабочей молодёжи, пять средних профессиональных учебных заведений, два филиала Вологодских ВУЗов.

В дошкольном образовании работают 20 учреждений.

Дополнительное образование обеспечивают 9 учреждений:

• School of Arts
• Художественная школа
• Дом детского творчества
• House of Culture
• Центр традиционной народной культуры «Лад»
• Две детско-юношеские спортивные школы
• ДЮЦ «Авангард»
• Автошкола РОСТО (ДОСААФ)
• Sunday School

• Физкультурно-оздоровительный комплекс
• Sports School
• ДЮСШ по плаванию
• Ледовый дворец «Мороз-Арена»

Великий Устюг, город с богатой православной историей, является местом рождения, жизни и кончины десятков святых русской земли, самые известные из них: считающийся покровителем города, первый Христа ради юродивый Прокопий Праведный , проповедник христианства в земле Коми святитель Стефан Пермский , святые праведные Иоанн и Мария, преподобный Киприан — основатель Михайло-Архангельского монастыря, праведный Иоанн Устюжский, преподобный Филипп Яиковский — основатель Знаменского монастыря, в том числе новомученики: архиепископы Алексий (Бельковский) и Николай (Клементьев) , протоиереи Константин Богословский и Сергий Рохлецов. преподобномученик Никифор Югов.

Население города до революции было очень набожным, практически все храмы были построены на пожертвования богатых устюжан и содержались на деньги прихожан.

В городе, кроме православных церквей, были синагога и протестантская кирха .

В Великом Устюге три действующих православных храма: собор Прокопия Праведного, кладбищенская церковь Стефана Пермского и собор Симеона Столпника. Действуют две воскресные школы и паломническая служба.

Railway transport

Железнодорожная станция Великий Устюг ( ) Северной железной дороги является конечной станцией участка Ядриха — Великий Устюг длиной 54,5 км ^[32] . С 2005 года был отменён пригородный поезд Великий Устюг — Котлас , а также прицепной вагон к поезду Воркута — Москва ^[33] . Отмена поездов никак не связана с введением в эксплуатацию автомобильного моста через Северную Двину у Котласа. Этот мост был открыт 2 октября 2001 года.

По данным на конец 2012 года, станция действует в грузовом движении. В конце декабря-начале января станция принимает пассажирские туристические поезда разового назначения.

Airport

Аэропорт Великий Устюг ( ). С марта 2012 года авиакомпания Северсталь (Череповец) осуществляет регулярные рейсы по маршруту Москва — Череповец — Великий Устюг, Санкт-Петербург — Череповец — Великий Устюг самолётами ЯК-40, два раза в неделю, по специальному тарифу «Дед Мороз» Расписание авиарейсов на сайте авиакомпании . В 2017 году планировалось начать реконструкцию Аэропорта. Она состоит из двух этапов: первый — реконструкция взлетно-посадочной полосы, второй — реконструкция объектов аварийного, заправочного комплекса, объектов обслуживания пассажиров. ^[34]

Городские автобусы

Bus traffic in the city was opened in 1947 . The first bus went along the route SSRZ - a meat factory.

Today there are seven city routes.

The fleet consists of LiAZ-5256 , MAZ-103 , PAZ-3205 , PAZ-4234 , working on city routes.

The passenger transport monopolist is Velikoustyugskoye PATP. Private carriers operate on a number of flights to the nearby suburbs.

Long distance

Veliky Ustyug has a regular bus connection with Vologda , Kotlas , Cherepovets , Arkhangelsk , Severodvinsk , Kichmengsky Town , Nikolsky , Nyuksenitsa and Tarnoga ^[35] .

Taxi

In Veliky Ustyug, there are several companies that provide taxi services.

River transport

There is a ferry service to the river side. Ferry Route:

• st. Vasendina - Koromyslovo - Kuzino - Aristovo

Landline telephones of the city are serviced by PJSC Rostelecom . Existing mobile operators: MegaFon , MTS , Beeline , Tele2 .

Wired Internet access services are provided by two companies - Rostelecom PJSC and Terabit LLC ^[36] .

A television

In the city, 4 federal television channels are publicly available:

• 1 TVK - “ Russia 1 ” / GTRK Vologda
• 3 TCEs - Channel One
• 7 TVK - NTV
• 9 TVK - REN TV / Province
• 26 digit DVB-T2 (1mp)
• 31 digits DVB-T2 (2mp)

Newspapers

• " Soviet thought "
• Ustyuzhanochka

Radio

• 66.86 - Radio of Russia / State TV and Radio Company Vologda ^[37]
• 102.3 - Radio Transmit ^[38] / Radio Veliky Ustyug
• 103.0 - Europe Plus ^[39]
• 103.5 - Russian radio / Ustyug FM (100 W, 38 m)
• 105.2 - Plan of Radio Russia / State TV and Radio Company Vologda (Yakutino 1 kW)
• 107.8 - Radio Cottage

Cable TV

Two companies provide cable TV services in the city ^[40] :

• Terabit
• TV networks

In Veliky Ustyug, Bishop Stephen , the baptist of the lands of Perm, was born. In the XIV century, he went to the Komi lands, created an alphabet for them and translated the main church works into their language. Filed as saints as St. Stephen of Perm .

Veliky Ustyug is the birthplace of outstanding seafarers and explorers who played a prominent role in the development of Siberia and Russian America :

• Vladimir Atlasov - Russian explorer
• Semyon Dezhnyov - Russian explorer and traveler
• Vasily Shilov is the discoverer of the Aleutian Islands and the first compiler of their map.
• Mikhail Buldakov - Senior Director of the Russian-American company , researcher in Alaska .
• Upstream of the Sukhona River, on its left bank there is a village in which a memorial cross is erected close to the water in honor of the fact that Erofei Khabarov , a Russian explorer of the Far East and a traveler, was born in this village.

Sociologist Pitirim Sorokin was a father from Ustyug, he has been there many times, including passing exams for a gymnasium course at a male gymnasium ^[41] . Later, Pitirim Sorokin led an active cultural and political life in Ustyug, devoted several chapters to Ustyug in his travel notes “Colored Lace” ^[42] , and also after the establishment of the authority of the Bolsheviks in Veliky Ustyug in the spring of 1918, spent several weeks in Ustyug prison ^[41] .

Further see Category: Persons: Veliky Ustyug

Honorary Citizens

In parentheses is the year of assignment: ^[43]

Honorary Citizens of Veliky Ustyug Municipal District

• Rapina Dina Ivanovna, teacher, founder of the museum S. Preminina 2004
• Falin Vladimir Alexandrovich, doctor of 2004
• Shulkin Stanislav Davydovich, doctor 2005
• Pozgalyov Vyacheslav Evgenievich , Governor of the Vologda Oblast 2005
• Burchevsky Vasily Zosimovich, athlete and trainer 2006
• Trudov Nikolai Nikolaevich, First Secretary of the CPSU Civil Code from 1973 to 1983 2006 year
• Potochkin Nikolai Ivanovich, director of the Krasavino state farm in 2006
• Amosov Igor Mikhailovich, director of the farm “Ust-Alekseevsky” 2007
• Dernov Vitaliy Nikolaevich, Riverman 2007
• Preminin Sergey Anatolyevich 2007 (posthumous)
• Biryukov Ivan Iosifovich, Director of the Kuzinsky Mechanical Plant 2008
• Shitikova Antonina Veniaminovna, chairman of the Women's Council of 2008

• List of cultural heritage of Veliky Ustyug
• Earth Bridge (Veliky Ustyug)
• List of Veliky Ustyug streets
• Ustyuzhna
• History of Great Ustyug

• Turkin A.M., Boev M.A. Veliky Ustyug // Vologda Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. G.V. Sudakov . - Vologda: Russia, 2006 .-- S. 93, 94 . - ISBN 5-87822-305-8 .
• Ustyug the Great // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Teltevsky P.A. Veliky Ustyug. - M.: Gosstroyizdat, 1960. ( Architecture of the cities of the USSR ).
• Shilnikovskaya V.P. Veliky Ustyug. The development of city architecture until the middle of the XIX century. Ed. 2nd., Add. (Vol. 1-e - 1973). - M .: Stroyizdat, 1987 .-- 256 p. silt - 40,000 copies.
• Ustyug the Great. Materials for the history of the city of the XVII and XVIII centuries on the site " Runivers "
• A. Melnik. On the history of the first stone cathedral of Veliky Ustyug // Russian religiosity: problems of study. - SPb. : Journal of the Neva, 2000 .-- S. 78-83. - ISBN 5-87516-182-5 .

• The official website of the municipality of Veliky Ustyug
• The official website of the administration of the Veliky Ustyug municipal district
• City website
• Veliky Ustyug Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve
• Veliky Ustyug on the Yandex.Panorama service
• House of Santa Claus in Veliky Ustyug - the official site of the patrimony
• History of the coat of arms of the city
• Veliky Ustyug Central Library System. Local history literature about Veliky Ustyug
• Ustyug the Great // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• List of cultural heritage sites of Veliky Ustyug in Wikigid