Pio-Ulsky, Georgy Nikolaevich

Born on January 24, 1864 ^[1] in Pskov in a noble family. His father, Nikolai Yegorovich Pio-Ulsky, was a teacher of mathematics and cosmology , an inspector, and since 1861, he was the director of the Pskov male provincial gymnasium ^[2] , his mother was Princess Ekaterina Fedorovna (nee Glebovo-Shakhovskaya), daughter of the Pskov leader of the nobility . George studied at the Pskov male gymnasium , and completed his secondary education at the Vvedensky gymnasium in St. Petersburg ^[3] .

In 1881 he entered and in 1884 graduated from the Technical School of the Maritime Department in Kronstadt . In 1890 he graduated from the first category in the mechanical department of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy and was promoted to assistant senior mechanical engineer ^[1] . In 1891, he was sent to Sweden to accept the ship engines of mine transport "Danube" and " Bug " ^[3] .

From 1891 to 1896, Pio-Ulsky was a teacher of mathematics and theory of resistance of materials of the Technical School of the Maritime Department ^[1] . Since 1896, he taught at the Department of Steam Engines of the Imperial Institute of Railway Engineers of Emperor Alexander I. At this department, Pio-Ulsky equipped the first laboratory in Russia for testing steam engines ^[2] . Since 1913 - an extraordinary professor (a professor without a position) of the Department of Steam Engines and the Foundations of Mechanical Engineering of the Institute ^[1] .

In 1897 he was promoted to the rank of senior mechanical engineer ^[1] . In 1900, G. N. Pio-Ulsky created a “ pneumograph ” for recording diver’s breathing, and later invented silencers for the first airplanes ^[4] .

In 1903 he became the first head of the department of ship steam mechanisms of the shipbuilding department of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute ^[5] . In 1906 he was elected professor of the shipbuilding department of the Polytechnic Institute. Since 1914 he became an honored professor at this institute ^[3] .

In 1905 he was re-certified as a mechanical engineer of the lieutenant colonel , for the difference in the same year he was promoted to mechanical engineer of the colonel . April 10, 1911 promoted to major mechanical engineer ^[1] .

He combined his teaching and scientific work with practical work in shipyards. In 1912-1915 he was a consultant and designer at the Baltic Shipbuilding and Mechanical Plant in St. Petersburg . Among his developments was a project carried out jointly with Brown-Bowery engineers of steam turbines for the Kinburn and Izmail cruisers with a displacement of 32,500 tons ^[3] .

During the First World War, he was the head of the mechanical department of the central technical laboratory of the Ministry of War ^{[1] [6]} .

After the October Revolution, Pio-Ulsky left Petrograd for Novocherkassk , where he worked as a professor at the Don Polytechnic Institute ^[3] . In 1919 he took part in the creation of a new North Kuban Polytechnic Institute in Yekaterinodar ^[2] .

In 1920, Lieutenant General Pio-Ulsky left Russia and moved to Belgrade . In exile, Pio-Ulsky occupied an important position at the court of the Serbian king Alexander I Karageorgievich , since during his studies on the Page Corps in St. Petersburg, Pio-Ulsky was a mentor to Alexander, who was friends with the sons of Pio-Ulsky and often visited their house on Stone Island ^[4] .

Since 1920, Pio-Ulsky was an ordinary professor at the Department of Thermodynamics, Kinematics of Machines and Steam Engines of the Technical Faculty of the University of Belgrade . At the university, he created the Museum of Machines, attracted large European engineering plants to work on its equipment. The museum operates to date ^[4] . Pio-Ulsky was engaged in the construction of gas turbines and was the first in the world to theoretically substantiate their advantage in speed and noiselessness ^[2] .

In 1928, Pio-Ulsky became one of the organizers of the Russian Scientific Institute in Belgrade, where he headed the Department of Mathematical and Technical Sciences, worked in the editorial committee, and from 1928 to 1934 he was a fellow chairman of the board. For many years, he served as chairman of the Union of Russian Engineers in Yugoslavia , took part in the congresses of the Federation of Unions of Russian Engineers in exile. With his direct participation, the Union published the technical journal "Engineer" in Russian ^[4] .

He was a member of the Federation of Slavic Engineers. Remained an implacable opponent of Bolshevism , he objected to all cooperation with representatives of the USSR . When it became clear that his works were published in the USSR, Pio-Ulsky resigned as chairman of the Union of Russian Engineers and then resigned from the Russian Scientific Institute (remaining an honorary member). He wrote the book “Russian Emigration and its Importance in the Cultural Life of Other Peoples”, published in Belgrade after the death of the author. In the 1930s, he often visited Paris on scientific matters. He was an honorary member of the Union of Russian Engineers in France and honorary chairman of the Association of Former Pupils of the Marine Engineering School, was in charge of student affairs at the Sovereign Commission for the appointment of scholarships and allowances ^[7] .

Georgy Nikolaevich Pio-Ulsky died in Belgrade on August 13, 1938. The government of Yugoslavia ordered to honor his memory by giving military honors as a Russian officer. He was buried on August 15, 1938 at the New Cemetery of Belgrade ^[2] .

• Order of St. Anne 1st Class ^[7] ;
• Order of St. Stanislav 1 degree (1915);
• Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree (1913);
• Order of St. Anne 2 degrees (1907);
• light bronze medal "In memory of the 200th anniversary of the naval battle of Gangut" (1915);
• light bronze medal “In memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty” ;
• other medals ^[1] .

The genus of Pio-Ulsky has been known since the 11th century. In 1609, the voivode of the Polish gentry Ulsky switched to the service of the Russian Tsar Vasily Shuisky . According to family legend, an unusual prefix to the name "Pio" (translated from Latin - " Pious ") was granted to one of the representatives of the Pio-Ulsky family by Pope Paul V during his trip to Poland under King Sigismund III for the fact that he saved the daughter of Sigismund ^[4] .

Georgy Nikolayevich Pio-Ulsky was married to Natalia Antonovna Youth-Shanyavskaya (she died on December 28, 1936). The family had four children: two daughters - Galli and Maria, and two sons. The eldest son, Vladimir (1888-1965), graduated from the Marine Engineering School and the Pavlovsk Military School . Member of the First World War and the White Movement, rose to the rank of colonel . In exile in Yugoslavia. He served in the Russian Corps as a non-commissioned officer of a transport company. After 1945 he moved to the United States . Died in Lakewood ^[8] .

The youngest son is Anthony (1894-1956), an artillery officer, a participant in the First World War and the White Movement. In exile in Yugoslavia. He served in the Russian corps. After the Second World War, in the USA. His son Konstantin Antonievich (born April 12, 1935, Belgrade) became a mechanical engineer, a balalaika virtuoso, a portrait photographer , and lives in America. Married to Olga Ivanovna (nee Pavlova), no children in the family. Konstantin Antonievich is the last bearer of the name "Pio-Ulsky" ^{[4] [9]} .

Pio-Ulsky G.N. author of 28 scientific papers on the problems of designing ship engines and mechanisms, as well as the theory and calculation of steam turbines ^[3] .

• Pio-Ulsky G.N. Steam Turbines - St. Petersburg, 1916-1917;
• Pio-Ulsky G. N. Course on steam turbines in 4 parts (in Serbian in 1931-1937, in French);
• Pio-Ulsky G.N. Textbook of Thermodynamics (in Serbian - 1934);
• Pio-Ulsky G.N. Design of marine steam engines. Part I — II, Publisher: Edition of the Marine Engineering School of Emperor Nicholas I, 1902;
• Pio-Ulsky G.N. Artificial cold production and mechanical ice-making - 53 p .;
• Pio-Ulsky G.N. Russian emigration and its significance in the cultural life of other peoples. // Belgrade ed. Union of Russian Engineers in Yugoslavia, 1939

• Mnukhin L., Avril M., Losskaya V. Pio-Ulsky Georgy Nikolaevich // Russian Abroad in France 1919-2000. Biographical Dictionary In three volumes .. - M .: Science, House-Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva, 2008. - V. 2. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-02-036267-3 ; ISBN 978-5-93015-104-6 .
• Kosik V.I. “Professor's” emigration // What do I care about you, Belgrade's bridges? Essays on Russian emigration to Belgrade (1920-1950s). Part 1. - M .: Institute of Slavic Studies, RAS, 2007.
• Alexandrov E.A. Russians in North America. Biographical Dictionary . - Hamden (Connecticut, USA) - San Francisco (USA) - St. Petersburg (Russia), 2005 .-- S. 397. - 599 p. - ISBN 5-8465-0388-8 .

• Pio-Ulsky G.N. (Neopr.) . Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology. S.I. Vavilova, Russian Academy of Sciences (IIET RAS). Date of treatment April 28, 2015.