Pahng ( Vietnamese. Pà Thẻn ) [1] , [pa˧˩ŋ̊ŋ˧˥] , also Chinese. 巴 哼 语 , Bāhēng yǔ, bahen yu; Pahing ( Vietnamese. Pá Hưng ) - a collection of Hmong dialects, common in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou , Guangxi , Hunan , and in the north of Vietnam , which are spoken by representatives of the Pathhen people.
| Pahng bachen, pathhen, pahing | |
|---|---|
| Country | China , Vietnam |
| Total number of speakers | 32,000 |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
| Miao-yao family | |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | pha |
| Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | and |
| Ethnologue | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
Content
Classification
Pahng has long been considered an absent-minded language with a large difference between dialects. Benedict considered the Vietnamese idiom of the Pathhen continuum a separate branch of the Miao-Yao languages. Ratliff called pahng the most heterogeneous language of those that she had to learn [2] .
Names
Pahng carriers are called the following words [3] :
- pa˧˩ŋ̥ŋ˧˥ (巴 哼)
- m̥m˧˥nai˧ (唔 奈)
- red yao (红 瑶)
- colored yao (花瑶)
- eight surnames yao (八 姓 瑶)
In China, the Pathhen people are considered Yaoxian , although their language belongs to the Miao group.
Varieties
The following idioms of the language are distinguished [3] :
- regulatory pahng (巴 哼pa31 ŋ̥ŋ35 );
- northern;
- southern;
- hm-nai (唔 奈m̥m35 nai33 ),
- Vietnamese Pahng "na-e".
Paul Benedict considers na-e a separate linguistic branch of the Miao-yao family [4] , but Strecker objected to him, considering na-e a dialect of pahng [5] .
Jerold Edmondson, the discoverer of the En language , describing the dialects of Pahng in the village of ( Huyện Bắc Quang ) ( Chiêm Hoá county , north of Vietnam), found that they are closest to the Pahng dialect of the village of Gaoji (to д 基 , pinyin : gāojī , Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County , Guangxi ) [6] .
Distribution
China
Pahng carriers live in the following counties in China; in each - from 1000 to 6000 people [3] .
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Vietnam
Pahng is common in some isolated communities in northern Vietnam. Pahng is an officially recognized people in Vietnam (but not in China). The on-e dialect was discovered by Bonifacy (1905) in northern Vietnam.
- Tanchin ( Tân Trịnh ) , Quangbin , Hazyang [7] ;
- Bakkuang , Khazyang [6] [8] ;
- Minh Thương Village, Tanlap Village ( Tân Lập ) ;
- Tanthin Village ( Tân Thịnh ) ;
- Hкуng Quang village, Chiêm Hoá , Tuenkuang (62 kilometers from the city of Tiemoah), carriers are known there as colored Miao ( Mèo Hoa ) [8]
Notes
- 毛宗武, 李云兵 / Mao Zongwu, Li Yunbing. 1997. 巴 哼 语 研究 / Baheng yu yan jiu (A Study of Baheng [Pa-Hng]). Shanghai: 上海 远东 出版社 / Shanghai yuan dong chu ban she.
- ↑ Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / V. N. Yartseva, Scientific and Editorial Board of the Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia". - Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Moscow, 1990. - (“Soviet Encyclopedia”).
- ↑ Ratliff, Martha. 2010. Hmong-Mien language history . Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Mao & Li 1997
- ↑ Benedict, Paul. 1986. "Miao-Yao Enigma: The Na-e language." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 9.1: 89-90.
- ↑ Strecker, David. 1987. 'Some Comments on Benedict's "Miao-Yao Enigma: The Na-e language".' Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 10: 22-42; and Addendum , pp 43-53.
- ↑ 1 2 Map & Language Descriptions | Borderlands: Lesser Known Indigenous Languages of Northern Vietnam
- ↑ Niederer 2004
- ↑ 1 2 Edmondson, JA and Gregerson, KJ 2001, “Four Languages of the Vietnam-China Borderlands”, in Papers from the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society , ed. KL Adams and TJ Hudak, Tempe, Arizona, pp. 101-133. Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies.