Sarapul

The city is located on the right (high) bank of the Kama River , in the southeastern part of Udmurtia, 62 km from Izhevsk and 1143 km from Moscow . The city is connected to the capital of the republic by the P322 highway.

Like the entire Republic of Udmurtia , the city is located in the time zone , designated by the international standard as Samara Time Zone (SAMT) , the offset relative to UTC is +4: 00.

Sterlet fountain on the Kama embankment in Sarapul

The name Sarapul was first mentioned in 1579 in relation to the locality or the river on which the village of Voznesenskoye, the future city, was located. Translated from Chuvash sarapul - “ sterlet ” (lit. “yellow, beautiful fish”), abundantly found in Kama on this site ^[3] .

Russian Empire

For the first time, the Sarapulka River was mentioned in 1596, and in 1579 "the village of Voznesenskoye in Sarapul" ^[4] .

According to legend, in 1657 Sarapul and its environs were miraculously saved from the plague by bringing the image of St. Nicholas from the village of Beryozovka. The miracle served as the basis for one of the oldest in Russia, the Sarapul Kazan religious procession, held annually until 1918. Since 1707, it has become a palace village called Sarapul. The village flourished thanks to the bread trade and fishing. In 1780, the village received the status of a city, became the center of Sarapul County , and since then it has developed according to the master plans of large architects. The number of architectural monuments Sarapul surpasses all other cities of Udmurtia. The city used to have two monasteries and 21 temples. The Male Startsevo-Gorsky John the Baptist Monastery was founded in 1900 by Bishop Nicodemus (Bokov) of Sarapul . In this monastery was the residence of the vicar bishop of Sarapul ^[5] . The Blagoveshchensk convent was founded as a “community of sisters of industriousness” in 1853, and in this form existed until 1881, when it was transformed into a monastery run by the abbess ^[5] . Under him, a parish school functioned. The surviving churches: Pokrovskaya (1791), Voskresenskaya (1821) and Ksenia of Petersburg (1912). Some buildings were erected by the captured French after the Patriotic War of 1812 . Sarapul is the birthplace of the cavalry maiden Nadezhda Durova , who served in the army of M.I. Kutuzov .

On March 4, 1889, the vicar of the Vyatka diocese ( Athanasius ) was first appointed with a seat in Sarapul (previously the Sarapul vicars were in Vyatka ), which transformed the Sarapul vicariate into a semi-independent diocese ^[6] . In the early 1890s, Sarapul fell into the orbit of all-Russian and even world attention due to the infamous Multan case .

At the end of the 19th century, Sarapul was one of the largest centers of the shoe and leather industry in Russia. Sarapul is the birthplace of the famous “creaking” boots. About a quarter of merchants were engaged in shipping or, as they said at that time, shipping. The construction of a large ship required a lot of initial costs, so shipmen became mostly very wealthy city merchants and bourgeois. Thanks to the efforts of the Sarapul merchants, primarily the mayor of Pavel Andreevich Bashinin, a railway passed through the city. Through the efforts of merchants, the Alekseevskoye Real School was opened in the city.

Soviet period

From 1923 to 1934 it was part of the Ural region , was the center of the Sarapul district . From 1934 to 1937, it was first part of the Kirov Territory , and after that - of the Kirov Region . In 1937, the city was annexed to the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , the center of the political and economic life of the region moved from Sarapul to Izhevsk.

In 1931-1937, Stepan Nekrashevich , the initiator of the creation and the first chairman of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (now the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus ), served in Sarapul.

In 1942, a philologist-medievalist and translator, versatile scientist Boris Yarkho, who was evacuated, died in Sarapul. Also in Sarapul on December 17, 1981, the first hostage-taking in the history of the USSR took place in school No. 12. In the operation to free the hostages, fighters of the special forces of the Alpha group of the KGB of the USSR were involved ^[7] .

In 1992, the city of Simonikha entered the line of Sarapul.

In the XX century, the economy of Sarapul was determined by several large enterprises of mechanical engineering and radio electronics, producing mainly military and general industrial products. Opened in 1968, the industrial company Elekond also manufactures electric capacitors .

The climate is temperate continental .

Average annual rates:

• temperature - +3.5 ° C,
• wind speed - 2.9 m / s (from 2.4 m / s in July and August to 3.1 m / s in January and May),
• air humidity - 75% (from 60% in May to 85% in November) ^[8] .

The population as of January 1, 2018 is: 97,305.

As of January 1, 2019, the city was in 177th place out of 1,115 ^[37] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population ^[38] .

The emblem of Sarapul was approved on May 28, 1781 along with other emblems of the Vyatka governorate.

In the upper part of the shield is the coat of arms of Vyatka, in the lower part “in a silver field on a high mountain there is a wooden chopped city, which is worthy of note”.

The author of the coat of arms is the herald master Volkov.

The city is divided into microdistricts: PMK, Gudok, Gudok-2, Uchkhoz, Startsevskaya Gora, Center, UPPVOS, Dachka, Pesyanka, Market, Turn, Shoe factory, Railway Station, South Village, Western Village, Dubrovka, Dubrovka-2, Elekond, Elekond-2, Novoselsky, Amber, KHP, Rainbow, Poultry, Krupozavod, Kotovo.

Sarapul is a significant industrial center of Udmurtia . The basis of the economic base is a diversified industry, which employs 60% of the entire economically active population of the city. The industrial life of the city is determined by the enterprises of the machine-building complex, which employs 60% of the total population employed in industry. The volume of processing production amounted to 8844 million rubles. The food industry is developed at a high level (31%), one of the country's largest bakery products operates here. The products of the local food industry are appreciated not only by residents of the city and region, but also by all residents of the republic and surrounding regions. With success in the trading house "Udmurtia" in Moscow, local products are sold. The leather, shoe and woodworking industries are still developed in the city. 350 small enterprises and 4 thousand individual entrepreneurs are registered in Sarapul; more than 1 thousand objects of trade, public catering and the sphere of household services are functioning. The housing and communal complex includes about 40 municipal enterprises.

Highly productive agricultural land approaches the city from all sides, which in places alternate with forests. The Urals, where Sarapul is located, is characterized by a favorable climate and other conditions that favor the development of agriculture, namely those sectors that provide the city with food - dairy farming, pig farming, vegetable growing and other garden and field crops.

As of January 1, 2009, the average salary in the city amounted to 10 301 rubles. There are 6 banks operating in the city: AK Bars OJSC, BystroBank PJSC, Izhkombank JSCB (PJSC) , Rosselkhozbank OJSC, Sberbank of Russia PJSC, Uralsib OJSC.

The city has 3 fire stations for 16 cars.

In 2011, the volume of goods shipped from manufacturing (for large and medium-sized organizations) amounted to 10.1 billion rubles.

Among the main industrial enterprises of the city:

• Production company "RZK" - metalworking (milling and turning), casting, repair of electric motors and internal combustion engines, welding, powder coating of products, production of consumer goods
• Sarapul sewing factory - production of insulated children's clothing, special clothing, clothing for law enforcement agencies
• Shoe factory “Sarabella Holding” - production of shoe products
• Sarapul Timber Mill - lumber production
• Lescommebel - furniture manufacturing
• Sarapul Electric Power Plant
• Sarapul Radio Plant - production of radio equipment

• CBE of the 21st century - development and production of new electrical products
• SUPP “Radiotekhnika” VOS - production of radio equipment
• Elekond - power tools, aluminum oxide-electrolytic, tantalum and niobium capacitors
• "Sarbi" - production of reinforced concrete products
• Sarapul Yeast Brewery - yeast and beer production
• Sarapul confectionery factory - confectionery production
• Sarapulsky distillery - production of alcoholic beverages

• Sarapulsky bakery plant - production of flour and bran
• Sarapulsky bakery - production of bakery products
• Sarapulsky meat processing plant “Vostochny” - production of meat products
• Dairy plant “Sarapul-milk” - production of dairy products
• Sarapul poultry farm - production of meat and eggs
• Sarapul groats plant - cereal production
• Sarapul shipping company - transport services
• River port “Sarapul” - transport and freight services
• Sarapul city printing house - printing services
• Sarapulskaya CHP - heat and power supply
• "Sarapul systems" - development and production of electronics and software
• Window designs factory “Favorite” - production of plastic windows and aluminum structures

The city has 7 active Orthodox churches:

• Pokrovsky Cathedral in 1782
• Resurrection Church, built in 1817-1821
• Ksenia Petersburg Church, located in the premises of St. Nicholas (Austrian) Church, built in 1912.
• Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, Archbishop of Lycian World 2005
• Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov, consecrated October 6, 2013
• Church of the Holy Great Martyr Anastasia the Solvers, consecrated June 2, 2016
• Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Horny”, consecrated on November 5, 2016

Under the latter, a female monastic community functions. At the diocesan council of the Sarapul diocese, on March 10, 2015, a decision was made to restore the Annunciation convent. As obedience, this was entrusted to nun Angelina (Likhacheva) ^[39] .

After the revolution , two monasteries were closed in Sarapul: the male monastery of St. John the Baptist, the female monastery of the Annunciation, theological school and 20 of the 21 churches:

• Alekseevskaya church (1883) at the Alekseevsky real school;
• Annunciation Cathedral (1881) at the Sarapulsky Annunciation Communal Monastery;
• Vladimir Chapel (1895);
• Ascension Cathedral (1579; 1765-1802);
• St. George's Church (1861);
• St. John the Baptist Cathedral (1894) in the Sarapul Startsevogorsky St. John the Baptist Monastery;
• Nicholas Church (1897) at the theological school;
• St. Nicholas United Church (1848);
• St. Nicholas Chapel at the Church of the Intercession (1903);
• Peter and Paul Church (1822);
• The Intercession Church (1792) was reconstructed at the end of the 20th century, after the restoration of 2012 and the restoration of the diocesan status of Sarapul - the Intercession Cathedral;
• St. Nicholas (Austrian) Church (1912);
• Holy Trinity Church (until 1780-1861);
• Assumption of the Cross Exaltation Church in the Bishop's House (1889);
• Church of Our Lady of All Who Sorrow Joy (1892);
• Church of the Twelve Apostles (1900);
• Church of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky (1868) at the prison castle;
• Church of St. Anne the Prophetess (1913) at the shelter of N.V. Smagin;
• Church of the Holy Martyr Alexandra (1899) in the Sarapulsky Annunciation Communal Monastery;
• Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1911) in Sarapulsky Startsevogorsky John the Baptist Monastery.

The mosque (1909) and the synagogue (1915) were also closed.

In 2009, the tradition of the Sarapul Kazan religious procession was restored .

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  Ascension Cathedral

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  Pokrovskaya church on the corner of Truda and Internatsionalnaya streets

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  Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (83a Raskolnikov St.)

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  Church of St. Blessed Xenia of Petersburg (Gorky St., 74)

Education in the city is represented by pre-school, school and extra-curricular institutions, there are also creativity centers and several universities. 32 kindergartens work. Among schools, general education should be distinguished - there are 11 of them, as well as 2 lyceums, 2 primary schools, 2 special (correctional) schools, a linguistic gymnasium and a gymnasium, a boarding school for hearing-impaired children and a sanatorium boarding school, and an evening school. There is an orphanage for orphans. Out-of-school institutions, an environmental center, a youth center, a school for young sailors Nord, Children's Park, Children's Art School No. 1, 2 (musical), 3 (art) and the Center for Children's Technical Creativity should be distinguished. 5 sports schools are engaged in children's sports life (No. 1, “Tennis”, “Energy”, “Falcon” and “Sarapul”).

Specialized secondary education is provided by: Sarapul College of Food Industry, Sarapul College of Engineering and Information Technology, Medical and Pedagogical Colleges, Sarapul College for the Disabled and 2 vocational schools. Higher education in the city can be obtained at the Sarapul Polytechnic Institute, which is a branch of the Izhevsk State Technical University . Among the representations of other universities of the country in the city there are: a branch of the Institute of Social and Humanitarian Knowledge, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Eurasian Open Institute, Kama Institute for Humanitarian and Engineering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology and Management , Moscow State Technological Academy and Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and computer science, department of the Institute of Civil Protection and Fire Safety of Udmurtia Republic.

List of Sarapul schools

• Evening (shift) secondary school number 1
• Secondary school number 1
• Secondary school No. 2 (full-time artistic and aesthetic direction)
• Special (correctional) comprehensive school of VIII type № 4
• Special (correctional) comprehensive school of VIII type № 5
• Secondary school number 7
• Primary school number 8
• Primary school number 9
• Gymnasium No. 10
• Secondary school No. 12 named after L. A. Lapin
• Secondary school No. 13 named after A. L. Shirokikh
• Secondary school No. 15
• Secondary school number 17
• Lyceum number 18
• Linguistic Gymnasium No. 20 named after L. L. Verkhovtseva
• Secondary school number 21
• Secondary school number 23
• Secondary school number 24
• Secondary school number 25
• MBOU Lyceum № 26

Kindergartens

The main sources of air pollution in the city are utilities - 43.9%, engineering and metalworking enterprises - 20.9%, and food industry - about 10%. In terms of air pollution, Sarapul is cleaner than Izhevsk and Glazov . The radiation and electromagnetic state are within normal limits. A rather negative situation with reservoirs, especially the Bolshaya Sarapulka and Kama rivers. The water of the Kama River belongs to the III degree of pollution (on a 7-point scale). The main sources of water pollution are a meat factory, a poultry farm, a radio factory and a tannery. The main local groundwater pollutants are landfills for municipal and solid waste in the south and west of the city .

Rail Transport

The railway station "Sarapul" is located within the same city of the Udmurt Republic of Russia. The railway station , which owns the station , belongs to the Izhevsk region of the Gorky Railway ^[40] .

City transport

Domestic passenger traffic is served by buses and taxis . Bus traffic was opened in the city in 1930 . As of 2018, 18 bus routes are operating in Sarapul , which employ 7 shipping companies ^[41] .

The cultural sphere of the city is represented by municipal institutions, including: a centralized library system (8 libraries), 3 club-type institutions, 3 children's art schools, a drama theater , a museum-reserve, and the association of parks named after A. Pushkin Gorsad ^[42] . In Sarapul, there are also museums created at various institutions and enterprises of the city.

• The Sarapul Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve was established in 1909 at the initiative of the public, with the support of the Zemstvo Council . The initiators of the creation of the museum, including entomologist L.K. Krulikovsky , ethnographer and journalist N.E. Onchukov , ethnographer and writer N.N. Blinov collected unique objects that laid the foundation for many museum collections. The famous Finnish archaeologist Thalgren was invited to study the archaeological collection. Initially, the museum was located in the building of a female gymnasium, and in 1921 the museum occupied a separate brick two-story building, in which the main museum of the city is now located. During the Great Patriotic War, the museum became a museum-repository of collections of the Leningrad suburban palaces-museums: Peterhof , Tsarskoye Selo , Lomonosov , Pavlovsk , Gatchina . In the postwar years, the museum was actively developing, changing names and opening branches. The museum complex includes: the historical and regional studies (head) museum, the art and exhibition complex "Dacha Bashinina " and the house-museum to them. Academician N. V. Melnikov , “Moschevitin’s Cottage - Children's Museum Center” ^[43] .
  • The Museum of History and Local Lore ([[Museum of the History and Culture of the Middle Prikamye ) is not only the oldest, but one of the most interesting and significant museums in Udmurtia . His collection consists of 21 collections, with a total number of more than 200 thousand storage units.
  • The art and exhibition complex "Bashinina Cottage" is located in the former country house of the mayor, merchant P. A. Bashinin , surrounded by a beautiful old park. The exposition introduces the unique history of the house and its inhabitants, and also presents a collection of paintings by famous artists of the late XIX-early XX centuries.
  • The house-museum of academician N.V. Melnikov is the only historical and biographical museum of a mining scientist in Russia , which was included in the museum complex in 1987. The exposition is housed in a two-story wooden house in which the Melnikov family lived in the first quarter of the 20th century. Traditionally, in the House-Museum of Academician N.V. Melnikov , the holidays of the folk rite cycle are held: Christmas , Pancake Week , Easter , Trinity and others.
  • "Dacha Moschevitina - Children's Museum Center" is an interactive museum site located in the former country house of the merchant Moshchevitin, where informative and game programs of traditional folk culture are held.

• The museum of labor glory of the radio factory was opened on December 30, 1977. The museum’s exposition presents unique exhibits that have become the gold fund of Russian radio engineering: from ECHS-3 and SI-235 receivers to a whole series of products of the famous Ural factory brand. The museum’s collection includes radio communication complexes “Crossbow”, “ Aqueduct ” and others ^[44] .

Religious and civil buildings

• The Fire Tower building (1887) is the only one in Udmurtia and one of the few preserved in the architecture of the Urals. The architect is Charushin I.A. ^[45] . In February 2018, a tactile bas-relief depicting a historical object and an inscription in Braille, made by masters from Zlatoust, was opened on the building. This panel with a relief image is one of fourteen in the framework of the project for blind people “City to the touch” ^[46] .
• The house of the merchant Koreyshev (1907), built, according to unconfirmed reports, according to the project of the Petersburg architect, looks like a palace. In the external design it uses the techniques of baroque architecture of the 18th century ^[45] .
• The Resurrection Church (1817), built at the expense of the Sarapul merchants Izhboldin, was previously a cemetery. The church, built in the forms of early classicism, is distinguished by the originality of the planning decision. In 1995, it was included in the list of objects of historical and cultural heritage of federal (all-Russian) significance ^[45] .
• The house of the merchant Smagin (1910) is a tall and large stone building in the Art Nouveau style according to the project of I. Charushin ^[45] .
• Bashinin's dacha (1909) is a fancy building with a tower, designed by the project of the Yaroslavl architect Trubnikov P. A. Currently, it is a branch of the Sarapul Museum-Reserve ^[45] .

Monuments

• The monument to Nadezhda Durova (on the site of the house where the family of the Sarapulsky city mayor once lived - the father of the hussar girl) - was opened in June 2013. The author of the sculptural composition, which is the figure of a cavalry girl riding on the faithful horse of Alkida, is the national artist of the Russian Federation Vladimir Surovtsev ^[47] . Another monument to Nadezhda Durova (near the building of the head museum of the Sarapulsky Museum-Reserve) by the sculptor Rinat Valiullin was unveiled in May 2013 ^[48] .
• The OV-3705 steam locomotive, which delivered in 1919 to the starving workers of Petrograd and Moscow over 80 thousand pounds of bread, was installed on the forecourt of Sarapul in 1974 ^[49] .
• The MiG-21 aircraft, dedicated to the founders and veterans of the Sarapul Electric Generator Plant , whose history began in 1942 with the release of control boxes and aircraft generators, was installed in 2012 on the square in front of the factory entrance ^[50] .

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  Fire Tower

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  House of merchant Koreshev

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  Resurrection Church

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  House of the merchant Smagin

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  Turret Cottage

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  Tower House

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  Monument to the cavalry girl Nadezhda Durova

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  Stele in memory of helping the starving

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  The stele MiG-21 at the building of SEGZ

Newspapers, online publications

• Sarapul Live - 2019
• Newspaper "Red Prikamye" (published since 1919 )
• The weekly political newspaper Our Time Udmurtia (registered March 28, 2013)
• Newspaper Fortuna (published since 1998)
• The newspaper "Sarapul"
• The magazine "Evening Sarapul"

TV channels

• First channel
• Russia 1 / GTRK Udmurtia
• TNT / Fifth Ocean
• Channel Five / My Udmurtia
• TVC
• STS / Your favorite

Radio stations

Internet providers

• Rostelecom Volga
• Oil Telecom
• MTC
• Megaphone
• Beeline
• Tele 2
• Veles

• from 2001 to 2015 - Naumov, Anatoly Fedorovich
• from September 22, 2015 - Essen, Alexander Alexandrovich

• The first regular flights in the RSFSR on domestic airlines began in January 1920 with the flights of Sarapul – Yekaterinburg – Sarapul on the Ilya Muromets heavy aircraft ^[51] .
• In Sarapul, the details of the first Soviet COMTA aircraft were produced (assembly and flight tests were carried out in Moscow).
• At the beginning of the war, from Peterhof, first to Gorky , and then further, inland - to Novosibirsk and Sarapul, several echelons with museum collections were sent to preservation. Among them were the so-called Peter's things, that is, exhibits of the palaces of Monplaisir, Marley, the Hermitage, in addition, palace fabrics, paintings, items of the Special Pantry.
• In 1941, the collections of the Museum of the History of Religion of the USSR Academy of Sciences were evacuated from Leningrad to Sarapul, where all the miraculous icons and relics of saints seized from the Russian Orthodox Church were stored.
• People's Artist of the USSR Lev Durov , called the Sarapul city ​​man his noble ancestor ^[52] .
• In Sarapul, the shooting of the film " Tram-Tararam, or Bay-floundering " took place with A. Pankratov-Black , B. Brondukov , E. Stychkin , A. Buldakov and N. Arinbasarova in roles.
• In the area of ​​Sarapul, the shooting of the film “ Volga, Volga ” took place - directed by Grigory Alexandrov , starring: Lyubov Orlova , Igor Ilyinsky . Mosfilm, 1938
• In Sarapul, on the territory of the Blagoveshchensk monastery, scenes from the first Soviet sound film “A Trip to Life ” were shot by director Nikolai Ekk , starring Victor Lazarev , Vladimir Uralsky , Regina Yanushkevich , Rina Zelenaya , Georgy Zhzhenov , Vasily Kachalov . Mezhrabpomfilm , 1931
• During the “straight line” with Vladimir Putin , the question was asked “Why is everything so bad in Sarapul?” ^[53]
• Since time immemorial, the southern coastal part of Sarapul suffered greatly during the flood period from the spills of the Kama and Big Sarapulka, like Venice going into the water so that movement was possible only by boat. In the first decade of the XX century. the embankments of Kama and Sarapulka were strengthened from erosion, a network of drainage ditches was dug throughout the city, lakes and swamps, as well as streams flowing into them, were drained and filled up in the lower part of the city. The Bolshaya Sarapulka River in the lower reaches was launched along a new channel.
• Asteroid Sarapul named after Sarapul
• Sarapul was one of the centers for living Yiddish-speaking Jews ^{[54] [55]} . In their language there were borrowings from the Udmurt and Tatar languages. ^[56]

•   Elabuga (from September 27, 2018 ^[57] )

• Sarapul Drama Theater
• List of Sarapul Streets
• Sarapul County
• Sarapulsky district
• Sarapulsky district
• Sarapulo-Votkinsk operation
• List of cultural monuments of the city of Sarapul in Wikigid

• Regions of Russia. The main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: statistical compilation. Goskomstat of Russia. - M., 2003.
• Regions of Russia. Volume 1. Statistical collection. Goskomstat of Russia. - M., 2001. C. 330.
• Regions of Russia. The main socio-economic indicators of cities. Statistical Digest. Rosstat. - M :, 2005. p. 219
• Pospelov E. M. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary: About 5000 units. M .: Russian dictionaries, Astrel Publishing House LLC, AST Publishing House LLC, 2001. P. 368.
• Ch. ed. Gorkin A.P. Geography of Russia: Encyclopedic Dictionary. M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1998.S. 511.
• Ch. ed. Lappo G. M. Cities of Russia: Encyclopedia. M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1994.S. 409

• Website of the Administration of the city of Sarapul (official body of local self-government)
• Korobeinikov A.V.N. N. Blinov on the Antiquity of Sarapul . The publication is recommended by the Federal Agency for Education as a study guide for the courses "national history" and "museology."